当代散文赏识 考试整理

当代散文赏识

A dark suit is ________ to a light one for evening wear.D.preferable

After hurting in the Second World War, once during the rain season, he will get a

________ headache.B.continuous

As the sky looks ominous, it is obvious that a violent thunderstorm is .

D.imminent

B etty broke the school rules repeatedly so the principal had no alternative but to her. B.expel

By a ________ of good luck, Gene, who had been buried in the rubble for more than

26 hours, came out alive.A.stroke

H e can speak Spanish and French ________.D.as well

It is important to boost the morale of the soldiers as low morale can render an

army . D.impotent

L ast Sunday she came to visit us out of the blue. The italicized phrase

means_________. A.unexpectedly

M r. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was ________. D.deliberate N eil Postman did not write the essay “Euphemism” on the of the moment. B.spur S he won’t be sad too long and time will ________ most trouble.A.heal

Squirrels often use their tails to their balance while they are leaping and climbing.

B.keep

T he chief of the museum was most and let us examine the ancient tools.

C.obliging

The company wants to enroll three ________ this year to meet the need of its development. B.employees

The fact that the princess was paler and whiter than any one in the arena her anxiety. B.revealed

The foreign company has been ________ running this factory for

decades.B.effectively

The plan ________ computers to take complete control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. B.calls for

The Space Age commenced in October 1957 when the first ______ satellite was launched by the Soviet Union. B.artificial

The very idea of your taking part in the beauty competition is . C.absurd Glancing his shoulder the herpetologist noticed that he was being followed by a lizard. D.over

They have sold ________ eggs since this morning. C.a dozen

This is a new technology that did not ________ our expectations. C.live up to

W e can hurt people’s feelings if we are too. C.blunt

When appreciating Chinese poems, a wise reader should ________. A.read between the lines

Y ou are being thoroughly in refusing to allow your son to be an apprentice to the stonemason. C.unreasonable

口口口口口A euphemism is commonly defined as an 1auspicious or exalted term (like “sanitation engineer”) that is used in place of a more 2down-to-earth term (like “garbage man”). People who 3are partial to euphemisms 4stand accused of being “5phony” or trying to bide what it is they are really talking ab out. And there is

no doubt that in some situations the accusation is entirely proper. For example, one of the more 6detestable euphemisms I have come across in recent years is the term “Operation Sunshine,” which is the name the U. S. Government gave to so me experiments it conducted with the hydrogen bomb in the South. Pacific. It is obvious that the government, in choosing this name, was trying to 7expunge the hideous imagery that the bomb evokes and in so doing committed, as I see it, an immoral act. But there is another side to euphemizing that is worth mentioning, and a few words here in its defense will not be 8amiss. What I am saying is that the process of euphemizing has no moral content. The moral 9dimensions are supplied by what the words 10in question express, what they want us to value and to see. ○○○○○答案: 1. A euphemism is commonly defined as an auspicious or exalted term: favorable or dignified2. that is used in place of a more down-to-earth term: practical term in accordance with reality3. people who are partial to euphemism: prefer4. stand accused: are in a position of being5. of being "phony": deceitful6. one of the more detestable euphemism: disgusting7. the government was trying to expunge the hideous imagery that the bomb evokes: erase the terrible images8. a few words in its defense will not

be amiss: faulty9.The moral dimensions: elements10.supplied by what the words in question express: under consideration

口口口口口America was a land that was beginning all over again, dedicated

to nothing much more complicated than the rather 1hazy belief that all men had equal rights and should have an equal chance in the world. In such a land Lee stood for the

feeling that it was somehow of advantage to human society to have a 2pronounced inequality in the social structure. There should be a leisure class, backed by ownership of land; in turn, society itself should be 3keyed to the land as the chief source of wealth and influence. From them the country would get its leadership; 4to them it could look for the higher values --- of thought, of conduct, of personal 5deportment --- to give it strength and virtue.Lee embodied the noblest elements of this aristocratic ideal. Through him, the 6landed nobility justified itself. So Grant and Lee were in complete contrast, representing two 7diametrically opposed elements in American life. Grant was the modern man emerging; beyond him, ready to come on the stage, was the great age of 8steel and machinery, of crowded cities and a restless burgeoning vitality. Lee might have ridden down from the old age of chivalry, lance in hand, silken banner 9fluttering over his head. Each man was the 10perfect champion of his cause, drawing both his strengths and his weaknesses from the people he led.

○○○○○答案: 1. the rather hazy belief: uncertain2. to have a pronounced inequality in the social structure: marked3.society itself should be keyed to the land: dependent on4.to them it could look for the higher values: in them the country5.of personal deportment: behavior6.Through him, the landed nobility justified itself: noble class based on the land showed its value7.So Grant and Lee were…representing two diametrically opposed elements in American life: completely8.the great age of steel and machinery, of crowded cities: industrialization, urbanization9.silken banner fluttering over his head: moving lightly and quickly10.each man was the perfect champion of his cause, drawing both his strengths and his weaknesses from the people he led: staunch defender of his faith, completely reliant on

口口口口口Another kind of illiterate has been ignored, despite all the current fuss and bother about the extraordinary number of ordinary illiterates who overpopulate our schools.2.By writing the following, I attempt to give the person, to whom I refer as the straight-A illiterate, equal time with his widely publicized counterpart.3.Finally, both of our respective linguistic knowledge and imagination help us decode it after what seems another hour.4.The sufferer is made unable to detect gibberish in his own writing or in that of others, because Bright’s disease attacks the best minds.5.His affliction mainly comes from his years of higher education, years of reading the textbooks and professionals, which causes him to write in this way.

For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.

○○○○○答案: 1.Due to these men’s act, the Civil War would be over virtually.2.One of the poignant, dramatic contrasts in American history unfolded itself in the little room where they wrote out the terms.3. A pronounced inequality in the social structure was somehow of advantage to human society, which was the feeling Lee stood for in such a land.4.Nothing in the life of either of the two men could show his greatness more than the part he played in this meeting in the McLean house at Appomattox.5.All succeeding generations of Americans owe a great deal to their behaviour there.

For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.

口口口口口In spite of the Greeks’ distinction between a person’s “inside” and “outside”, they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind.2. Under the influence of Christianity, beauty was deprived of its central place in classical ideals of human excellence.3. The notion of beauty was deviated—as an alienated, arbitrary, superficial enchantment, when Christianity limited excellence to moral virtue only.4. It is more reliable for beauty to be doubted and attacked morally if it is associated with women.5. Assuming that one has these stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation.

口口口口口Just recently a committee meeting at the University of Colora5do was interrupted by the spectacle of a young man 1scaling the wall of the library just outside the window. Discussion of new interdisciplinary courses halted as we silently hoped he had discipline enough to return safely to the earth. Hope was all we could offer 2from our vantage point in

Ketchum Hall, the impulse to rush out and catch him being 3checked by the realization of

futility.The incident reinforced my sense that mountaineering serves as an 4apt analogy for the art

of teaching. The excitement, the risk, the need for 5rigorous discipline all correspond, though the

image I have in mind is not that of the solitary adventurer rappelling off a wall, but that of a Swiss

guide leading an expedition.I remember a mountaineer named Fritz who once led a group up the

Jungfrau at the same time a party was climbing the north face of the Eiger. My own

mountaineering skill was 6slender, and my enthusiasm would have 7faltered had I not felt Fritz

was capable of hauling not only me but all the rest of us off that mountain. Strong, self-assured,

calm, he radiated that solid authority that encouraged me to tie on to his rope. But I soon realized

that my presence on his line constituted a risk for Fritz. Had I been so 8foolhardy as to try to

retrieve my glove which went tumbling off a precipice, or had I slipped into one of those 9inexplicably opening crevasses, I might well have pulled the noble Fritz down with me. It was a sobering realization. I, the novice, and he, the expert, were connected by the same lifeline in an

experience of mutual interdependence. To give me that top of the world 10exaltation he, too, was

taking a risk.○○○○○答案: 1. a young man scaling the wall of the library: climbing up2. Hope was all we could offer from our vantage point: in view of our position3. the impulse to rush out and catch him being checked by the realization of futility: prevented4. mountaineering serves as an apt analogy for the art of teaching: exactly suitable5. The excitement, the risk, the need for rigorous discipline all correspond: strict way of training all match closely6. My own mountaineering skill was slender: hardly enough7. my enthusiasm would have faltered: hesitated8. Had I been so foolhardy as to try to retrieve my glove: unwisely bold as to try to regain9. those inexplicably opening crevasses: unaccountably opening deep cracks10.To give me that top-of-the-world exaltation he, too, was taking a risk: joy of success 口口口口口Like an endangered species, manuscripts as vital records of an author’s creative process are being threatened and fast disappearing.2.It is probable that Edna St. Vincent Millay had worked hard day and night, but not sure about her success.3.By reading his manuscripts almost a century later, in the National Library in Dublin, people can still feel the power of his passion.4.Like the disappearance of the burning books that he deplores, his various drafts may disappear into a memory bank, which, in that case, it might be so appropriate and even ironic. 5. The convenience of word processing should not be a reason for us to deprive future generations of learning, by manuscripts as our gift to our heritage, how we think and feel.

口口口口口Man’s creativeness is especially shown in the fact that he is able to transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences.2.Man’s ability to do with petty grievances and joys, and with common physiological pressures and hungers shows his greatness as a man.3.In an eventful life, man’s creativity is hindered instead of being activated.4.It would have been impossible for me to do any thinking and composing on the company’s time or even on my own time after returning from work if my work had been of absorbing interest.5.Finding dull jobs unendurable, those people, dull as well, don’t know what to do with themselves when at leisure.

口口口口口Once you’d gone so far as to eat toffees, the whole toffeeness of toffees was imperceptibly diminished.2.The reason for my intentional

self-denial of food is simply that I think appetite too good to lose, too precious to be bludgeoned into insensibility by satiation and over-doing it.3.Appetite can be improved greatly in value by the act of fasting.4.When I have a day of fasting, I am not denying myself a pleasure, but rather anticipating a rare moment of supreme indulgence.5.We feel weary in modern life partly because we live too much on top of each other, and are entertained and fed too regularly.

口口口口口One of the major pleasures in life is appetite, and one of our major duties should be to preserve it. Appetite is the 1keenness of living; it is one of the senses that tells you that you are still 2curious to exist, that you 3still have an edge on your longings and want to bite into the world and taste its 4multitudinous flavors and juices.By appetite, of course, I don’t mean just the 5lust for food, but any condition of unsatisfied desire, any 6burning in the blood that proves you want more than you’ve got, and that you haven’t yet used up your life. Wilde said he felt sorry for those who 7never got their heart’s desire, but sorrier still for those who did. I got

mine once only, and it nearly killed me, and I’ve always preferred 8wanting to having since.Besides, the whole 9toffee-ness of toffees was 10imperceptibly diminished by the gross act of having eaten it. ○○○○○答案: 1. Appetite is the keenness of living: strong desire to live o2. you are still curious to exist: eager3. you still have an edge on your longings: are still driven by strong desires4. taste its multitudinous flavours and juices: numerous5. I don't mean the lust for food: overwhelming desire6. any burning in the blood: any strong desire that you have7. who never got their heart's desire: were never satisfied8. I've always preferred wanting to having: being in the state of wanting something to having something9. the whole toffeeness of toffees: appeal for a child to eat toffees10.imperceptibly diminished: unaccountably

口口口口口So Grant and Lee were in complete contrast, 1)r two diametrically 2)o____ elements in American life. Grant was the modern 3)m emerging; beyond him, ready to come 4)o the stage, was the great age of steel and machinery, of crowded 5)c_____ and a restless burgeoning vitality. Lee might have ridden 6)d from the old age of chivalry, lance in 7)h , silken banner fluttering 8)o his head. Each man was the perfect champion of his cause, drawing 9)b his strengths and his weaknesses from the 10)p he led.

○○○○○答案: 1)representing 2)opposed 3)man 4)on

5)cities 6)down 7)hand 8)over 9)both

10)people

口口口口口The architecture itself didn’t cause so much of my father’s negative response as a violation of his concept of the nature of money did.2. We are changing our conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world, which, instead of our advanced technology, is the determining factor of how we shall build our walls.3. A bu ilding’s apparently impregnable design made not only the building itself necessarily sound but also its heavy wall as an architectural symbol significant, because of the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than of any aesthetic theory.4. Understanding architecture as a medium for the human attitudes, prejudices, taboos, and ideals, the new architectural criticism differs from classical aesthetics.5. It was possibly because of the undeveloped technology of the period that the construction of more delicate walls became impossible.

口口口口口The dangers of scofflawry vary wildly. The person who 1)i

spits on the sidewalk 2)r disgusting, but clearly poses less 3)r to others than the 4)c_____ that illegally buries hazardous chemical 5)w in an unauthorized location. The fare 6)b on the subway presents less threat to life 7)t the landlord who ignores fire safety statutes. The most immediately and measurably 8)d____ scofflawry, however, also happens to be the most visible. The culprit is the American driver, 9)w lawless activities today add up to a colossal public 10)n . ○○○○○答案: 1)illegally 2)remains 3)risk

4)company 5)waste6)beater 7)than 8)dangerous

9)whose 10)nuisance.

口口口口口The half of the king was barbaric, as his ideas, though somewhat polished and sharpened by the progressiveness of distant neighbors, were still large, florid, and untrammeled.2.He was such a man not only of exuberant fancy, but also of an authority, that he would turn his varied fancies into facts without being resisted.3.Thinking of such a thing like the public arena as one of his borrowed notions by which his barbarism had become semified, the king intended to make the minds of his subjects refined and cultured by exhibition of manly and beastly valor.4.The man was not guided or influenced by anyone or anything except the aforementioned impartial and incorruptible chance.5.The occasion was made more interesting just for this element of uncertainty, which it could not be otherwise.

口口口口口The outstanding characteristic of man’s creativeness is the ability to 1transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences. The greatness of man is in 2what he can do with petty grievances and joys, and with common physiological pressures and hungers. “When I have a little 3vexation,” wrote Keats, “it grows in five minutes into a theme for Sophocles.” To a creative individual all experience is 4seminal --- all events are 5equidistant from new ideas and 6insights ---

and his 7inordinate humanness shows itself in the ability to make the trivial and common reach an enormous way.Children and mature people 8thrive on dull routine, while the adolescent, who has lost the child’s capacity for concentration and i s without the inner 9resources of the mature, needs excitement and novelty to 10stave off boredom. ○○○○○答案: 1. transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences: be inspired by seemingly unimportant sudden ideas for the success in great achievements 2. what he can do with physiological pressures and hunger: his capacity to suffer illness and hunger 3. vexation: discomfort 4. seminal: highly original and influencing the development of future events 5. equidistant from：equally distant 6. insights: understandings 7. inordinate humanness shows itself in the ability to make the trivial and common reach an enormous way: excessive human feature is embodied 8. thrive on dull routine: succeed on the basis of 9. resources of the mature: ability of adaptation 10. stave off boredom: prevent in time 口口口口口The teacher as mountaineer learns, as E. M. Forster urged, to connect. The guide rope links mountaineers 1. t so that they may assist each 2. o in the ascent. The effective teacher does something similar 3. b using the oral and 4. w contributions of the students as 5. i materials. The teacher also 6. m other connections, locating the text in 7. i historical setting, forging inter- and intra-disciplinary links 8. w plausible, 9. j the material of the course with the lives of the students, where possible, and 10. w the wider national life beyond the classroom where pertinent. ○○○○○答案: 1. together 2. other 3. by 4. written 5. instructional 6. makes 7. its 8. where 9. joining 10. with

口口口口口We realized that it is futile for us to rush out impulsively and catch him, so hope was all we could offer from our vantage point in Ketchum Hall.2.Thanks to this incident, I believed more strongly that mountaineering serves as an

口口口口口对于古希腊人来说，美是一种美德：一种完美的品质。那时候的人被认为是我们现在又羡慕又妒忌地称为“完人”的人。2)如果古希腊人真要区分人的内在美和外在美的话，他们仍然认为内在美将会为另一方面的美所匹配。3)追随苏格拉底的那些出身高贵的雅典青年却发现这样一个矛盾的事实：他们所崇拜英雄是如此充满智慧，如此勇敢，如此可敬可亲而又富有魅力——但却又是如此其貌不扬。4)其实，苏格拉底丑陋的外貌本身就是他的一个主要教育方式——以此来启发那些天真单纯，但无疑是仪表非凡的追随者：生活本身是充满矛盾的。

5)在评价一个人的时候，把其外表与内涵割裂开来的做法是弊病多端的。对于这一点，受到传统偏见歧视的女性们所经历的漫长的即可笑又可悲的历史是最重要的见证。○○○○○答案: For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to call --- lamely, enviously --- whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person’s “inside” and “outside,” they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by - beauty of the other kind. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite paradoxical that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive --- and so ugly. One of Socrates’ main pedagogical acts was to be ugly —and teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was. 0ne could hardly ask for more important evidence of the dangers of considering persons as split between what is “inside” and what is “outside” than that interminable half-comic half-tragic tale, the oppression of women.

口口口口口美国是一个一切从头越的国家，它致力于实现一种复杂而又相当模糊的信念：人人都享有平等的权利，并应该享受平等的生存机会。2)在这样一个国度里，李代表着这样一种观点，即在社会结构中存在明显的不均对人类社会总是有益的。3)社会上必须有一个以土地所有权为依托的有闲阶级；反过来，社会本身应该依靠土地作为其富强的主要手段。

4)根据这种理想，这样就能造就一批怀有强烈的社会责任感的有识之士。这些人的生活目的不是为了谋取私利，而是为了履行他们享有与众不同的特殊权利这样一个活生生现实赋予它们的神圣职责。5)有了他们，国家的领导就有了希望；在他们身上，国家能够寻找思想、操行和个人行为的更高价值，从而赋予国家力量与美德。○○○○○答案: America was a land that was beginning all over again, dedicated to nothing much more complicated than the rather hazy belief that all men had equal rights and should have an equal chance in the world. In such a land Lee stood for the feeling that it was somehow of advantage to human society to have a pronounced inequality in the social structure. There should be a leisure class, backed by ownership of land; in turn, society itself should be keyed to the land as the chief source of wealth and influence. It would bring forth (according to this ideal) a class of men with a strong sense of obligation to the community; men who lived not to gain advantage for themselves, but to meet the solemn obligations which had been laid on them by the very fact that they were privileged. From them the country would get its leadership; to them it could look for the higher values --- of thought, of conduct, of personal deportment --- to give it strength and virtue.

口口口口口人们似乎普遍认为，杰出的人不能忍受单调刻板的生活，因为他们需要一种变化多样，新奇刺激的生活来使其聪明才智得到充分的发挥。2)人们还认为愚笨的人特别适合于枯燥的工作。3)据说，现代年轻人强烈反对从事工厂里乏味的工作的理由是，他们比以前的年轻人更聪明，受教育的程度更高。事实上，拖延这种现象的漫长而骄人的历史本身就已经表明，许多构想和决定如果加以推迟可能会更为圆满。推迟做出决定其本身就是一个决定，这是一个自明之理。2)议会的办事程序，就其本质而言，就是包含了拖延与深思的一种办事制度。3)就此而言，这种现象同样可见于一幅油画杰作的创作，一碟菜肴的烹饪，或是一本书的编写，也可见于象布伦海姆宫这样的大楼的建造。这项工程花费了莫尔巴勒公爵手下众多建筑师和劳工整整15年的时间。4)在拖延的过程中，设计可以达到尽善尽美。事实上，欲速则不达。5)正如《石中剑》的作者T·H怀特所说：“时间并非是要在一小时或一天内被匆匆吞没，而是要在不急不忙的细细品味中，一点一滴地被逐步消化。”○○○○○答案: In fact, there is a long and honorable history of procrastination to suggest that many ideas and decisions may well improve if postponed. It is something of a truism that to put off making a decision is itself a decision. The parliamentary process is essentially a system of delay and deliberation. So, for that matter, is the creation of a great painting, or an entree, or a book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, which took the Duke of Marlborough’s architects and laborers 15 years to construct. In the process, the design can mellow and marinate. Indeed, hurry can be the assassin of elegance. As T. H. White, author of Sword in the Stone, once wrote, time “is not meant to be devoured in an hour or a day, but to be consumed delicately and gradually and without haste.”

口口口口口在原始社会，人类把世界描绘成巨大而可怕，充满仇恨而且不为人类所驾驭的地方。2)因此他们用巨石建起坚厚的墙，生活在墙后局限的空间里，他们会觉得自如与安全。

3)这些厚墙表达人们对外界的恐惧和对于寻求保护的迫切感，尽管这些墙起不了实际的保护作用。4)也许有人会争辩道，那是因为当时的技术不发达，所以人们无法建造更为精巧的墙。

5)这话当然没错，但是促使人们建造围墙的首先并非技术问题，而是人类对于世界的恐惧心理，恐惧心理越强烈，墙就建得越厚实，直到古代君王的墓里我们发现基本是由墙式的结构所组成，因为对于死亡的恐惧是人们最强烈的恐惧。○○○○○答案: In a primitive society, for example, men pictured the world as large, fearsome, hostile, and beyond human control. Therefore they built heavy, walls of huge boulders, behind which they could feel themselves to be in a delimited space that was controllable and safe; these heavy walls expressed man’s fear of the outer world and his need to find protection, however illusory. It might be argued that the undeveloped technology of the period precluded the construction of more delicate walls. This is of course true. Still, it was not technology, but a fearful attitude toward the world, which made people want to build walls in the first place. The greater the fear, the heavier the wall, until in the tombs of ancient kings we find structures that are practically all wall, the fear of dissolution being the ultimate fear.

口口口口口治安在美国是历史最悠久，而且可能也是最受关注的政治问题。2)然而，令人痛心的现实却是，有数百万美国人从未想到过他们自己是违法者，更不用说是罪犯了。他们越来越变本加厉地违反旨在保护并促进社会繁荣的各项法规。3)的确，随地乱扔垃圾，偷税漏税，制造超标噪音，违规驾驶等现象的泛滥有时使人觉得，这些违法行为似乎代表未来的潮流。4)哈佛大学的一位社会学家认为，多数美国人对于他们的那些所谓的小疏忽已经习以为常，不以为耻了。5)他还说，美国的社会道德标准已经陷入了这样一种危机：“只有傻瓜才会守法！”○○○○○答案: Law-and-order is the longest-running and probably the best-loved political issue in U.S. history. Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as law-breakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society. Indeed, there are moments today --- amid outlaw litter, tax cheating, illicit noise and motorized anarchy --- when it seems as though the scofflaw represents the wave of the future. A Harvard Sociologist suspects that a majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing supposedly minor derelictions as a matter of course. Already, he also says, the ethic of U. S. society is in danger of becoming this: “You’r e a fool if you obey the rules.”