虚拟语气与倒装句
be
put off.万一明天下雨,运动会就推迟。(事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。)
If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.
万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
4)if的省略
如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词,可将if省略,而把were,had 或should
置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。
例如:Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.
5)条件句或主句的省略
当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候,表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略,以避免重复。
例如:——Why didn t you attend the party yesterday?
——I would/should have,but I was too busy then.
I was surprised that you didn t like this job.You could have done it better.(后面省略了if you had liked it.)
4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法:在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,
advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中,谓语用“(should) do”形式。例如:
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./He gave an order that the work be done at once.
虚拟语气考点分析
1.——Alice,why didn t you come yesterday?
——I _____,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)
A.had
B.would
C.was going to
D.did
析:此题A、D明显不合上下文,因为乙方没有去。B选项若为would have 则成立,可以理解为I would have come if I hadn t had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的,但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。
2.If there were no subjunctive,English ______ much easier. (NMET)
A.will be
B.would have been
C.could have been
D.would be
析:观察题干,可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。
3.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. (NMET)
A.obeys
B.obey
C.will obey
D.would obey
析:根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律,可定正确答案是B。
4.I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A.seen
B.did see
C.had seen
D.were to see
析:此题表与过去事实相反的原望,答案应为C。
5.—— If he _____ ,he _____ that food.
—— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET)
A.was warned;would not take
B.had been warned;would not have taken
C.wuld be warned;had not taken
D.would have been warned;had not taken
析:从对话看,是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为B。
6.Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. (NMET)
A.is
B.will be
C.would have been
D.would be
析:without引出一个含蓄条件句,主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为D。
7.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _____. (NMET)
A.breaks
B.has broken
C.were broken
D.had been broken
析;放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的,但实际上并非如此,因此是与现在的事实相反,这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时,故答案为C。
8.You didn t let me drive.If we _____ in turn,you _____ so tired. (NMET)
A.drove;didn t get
B.drove;wouldn t get
C.were driving;wouldn t get
D.had driven;wouldn t have got
析:观察题干,可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设,因此答案只能是D。
9.I didn t see your uncle at the party.If he _____ ,he would have said hello to me.
A.would come
B.had come
C.came
D.did come
析:观察题目上下文,特别是第二句的主句谓语为would have said,可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望,因此答案为B。
10._____ it _____ for your help,I couldn t have made any progress.
A.Had;not been
B.Should;not be
C.Did;not be
D.Not;be
析:根据主句谓语形式,可知从句要用had done形式,故应选A,Had it not been for your help=If it had not been for your help.(要不是你帮忙的话)11.Mr Smith was badly ill,or he _____ our dinner party.
A.should come to
B.would have attended
C.would come to
D.should have attended
析:or可引导含蓄条件句,表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容,可知是与过去事实相反的假设,故答案为B。
倒装句型
英语的倒装有两大类型:
一、全部倒装:指谓语全部置于主语之前的倒装,有下列几种情况:
1.here,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,back,now,then等在句首时引起全部倒装。
例如:
Here is a letter for you./There goes the last train./The door opened,and in came Mr Smith./Away went the boy./Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas./Back came the others./Out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand./Then came a noise like thunder./Now comes the bus.
2.介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首,引起全部倒装。例如:
In the corner of the room stands a writing-table./South of the city lies a big factory./Under the bed lies a cat./In these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish 5cm long.
注:以上两种完全倒装主语必须是名词,谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及
例如:
Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.
注:“only+名词/代词”置于句首不要倒装。例如:
Only he can do it.(正) Only can he do it. (误)
4.含有否定意义的副词,如:not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little等置于句
首时,要求部分倒装。例如:
Hardly can I believe that./Never has he been to the Great Wall./Seldom does she
write to me.
5.not only…but(also)…连接两个分句,not only置于句首,它所引导的这部分要部
分倒装,但but(also)部分不要倒装。例如;
Not only should we study science,but also we should pay attention to politics.
注:若not only…but(also)…连接两个主语,句子不要倒装。
6.not until引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时,主句中要求部分倒装。例如:
Not until he was ten did he go to school./Not until yesterday did I realize what
trouble he was in.
7.hardly…when…;no sooner…than…句型中,若hardly,no sooner位于句首时,主句
中要求部分倒装。例如:
Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang./No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded(包围)by the workers.
8.so表“也”、“同样”意,位于句首时,其后要部分倒装。例如:
You can swim,so can I./If you go,so will I.
倒装语序考点分析
1.Not only _____ polluted but _____ crowded. (上海高考)
A.was the city;were the streets
B.the city was;the streets were
C.was the city;the streets were
D.the city was;were the streets
析:not only部分要部分倒装,可排除B、D。but(also)部分不要倒装,故C 为正确答案。
2.Little _____ about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself.
(上海高考)
A.does he care B.did he care C.he care D.he cared
析:否定意义的Little在句首,该句要倒装,故答案在A、B之中选择一
个,因A的时
态不对,故答案为B。
3.Only in this way _____ progess in your English. (NMET)
A.you make
B.can you make
C.you be able to make
D.will you able to come
析:Only 修饰in this way置于句首,句子要部分倒装,故答案为B。
4.Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was.(NMET)
A.did the villagers realize
B.the villagers realized
C.the villagers did realize
D.didn t the villagers realize
析:由于Not until在句首,主句要采用部分倒装,这样先可排除B、C,又由于D不
应该用didn t,故A为正确答案。
5.Be quick! _____
A.The bus comes here
B.The bus here comes
C.Here the bus comes
D.Here comes the bus
析:用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作出现在倒装句中,所以此题答案为D。(=The bus is coming here.)
6.On the wall _____ two large portraits. (NMET)
A.hangs
B.hang
C.hanged
D.hanging
析:由于介词短语on the wall位于句首,全句要采用完全倒装式,因为主语是复数,所以正确答案为B。
虚拟语气、倒装句型专练
1.Little _____ about what others think.
A.he has cared
B.he cares
C.cared he
D.does he care
2._____ got into the room _____ the telephone rang. (NMET)
A.He hardly had;then
B.Hardly had he;when
C.He had not;than
D.Not had he;when
3.Only by practising a few hours every day _____ be able to master the language.
(上海高考)
A.you can B.can you C.you will D.will you
4.If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it.
A.saw;would ask
B.had seen;would have asked
C.had seen;would ask
D.saw;would have asked
5.What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days?
A.is
B.will be
C.were
D.would be
6._____ you succeed in everything and _____ you be healthy.
A.Hope;wish
B.Wish;hope
C.May;may
D.Expect;hope
7.But for your help,I _____ the place.
A.can t find
B.can t have found
C.couldn t have found
D.haven t found
8.If her lawyer _____ here last Sunday,he _____ her from going.
A.had been;would have prevented
B.had been;would prevent
C.were;would prevent
D.were;would have prevented
9.If it had not been for the liberation,no changes _____ place in my hometown.
A.would have taken
B.would have been taken
C.will taken
D.will be taken
10._____ late tommorrow,who would take her place?
A.Should Miss Green come
B.If Miss Green would come
C.Miss Green should come
D.If Miss Green comes
11._____ it _____,the crops _____ be saved.
A.Had;rained;could
B.Should;rain;would
C.If;rains;should
D.Would;rain;should
12.The actor is over fifty.But he acts as if he _____ a young man.
A.is
B.will be
C.should be
D.were
13.It seems as if it ____ already summer now.
A.were
B.be
C.is
D.had been