中考初中英语双宾语和复合宾语的区别

中考初中英语双宾语和复合宾语的区别

双宾语和复合宾语的区别

1. The artist said that he hoped______ drawing the picture soon.

A. his son to finish

B. to finish

C. finishing

D. his son will finish

解析：不可用复合宾语，A不对;不可用ing形式，C不对; D 时态不对，所以选择B.

2. Jim’s father said to him,”I hope you ____ what I _____ you to buy.”

A. didn’t forget; told

B. no to forget; have told

C. won’t forget; have told

D. haven’t forgotten; will tell

解析：不可跟复合宾语A、B错;D 时态不对，C 宾语从句，时态也对;

语法对接：某些及物动词后面能跟双宾语(即：间接宾语+直接宾语)或复合宾语(即：宾语+宾语补足语)，这两种宾语的形式虽然相似，但结构与意义却不同。那么如何区分双宾语和复合宾语呢?

(1) 从动词上区分。

一些动词后面常跟双宾语，这类动词有give，show，bring，read，pass，lend，tell，leave，teach，write，buy，sing等。例如：

The teacher gives each of them an eraser.老师给他们每人一块橡皮。

一些动词后面常跟复合宾语，这类动词有let，see，watch，hear，help，feel，keep，call，make，find，tell，ask，think，want等。例如：

We must keep the classroom clean.我们必须保持教室清洁。

(2)从充当这两个成分的词的词性上来区分

在双宾语中，能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词。而在复合宾语中，能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多，如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)和分词(短语)。例如：

She showed us(pron.)a new TV set(n.).(双宾语)

He gave Tom(n.) a piece of paper(n.).(双宾语)

We call him Lao Li(n.).(复合宾语)

Don’t keep the light on(adv.).(复合宾语)

They must keep their hands behind their backs(介词短语).(复合宾语)

I won’t let you try again(不定式短语).(复合宾语)

The other students in the class keep their eyes closed(过去分词).(复合宾语)

3) 从构成宾语的间接宾语和直接宾语之间与构成复合宾语的宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系上区分。

在双宾语中，两个宾语间的关系比较松散，有的句子去掉其中一个宾语，句子仍然成立。双宾语一般表示“为谁(forsb.)或给谁(to sb.)……”，即“及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词+直接宾语+for sb.或to sb.”的结构。例如：

Please show me your new book.→Please show yournew book to me.请给我看看你的新书。

She bought me some tomatoes.→She bought sometomatoes for me.她给我买了一些西红柿。

宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密，去掉其中一个成分，句子就不能成立或句意不完整。而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有“主系表关系”;当不定式(短语)或分词(短语)作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有“主谓关系”。例如：

We made Tom monitor.(Tom is monitor.)

We will make our country more beautiful.(Our countrywill be more beautiful.)

You should keep your dog in.(Your dog should be in.)

I found him in Room 201.(He was in Room 201.)

He makes us work ten hours a day.(We work ten hoursa day.)

we heard her singing in the room.(She was singing inthe room.)

表语是出现在表语从句中，例如“ That is what it is. The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 句中的is就是表语。那表语还有am，are等。

再给你举一些例子。What I know is that he can‘t do it.我所知道的是他不会做这见事。

It looks as if(though)it is going to rain.天好象要下雨似的。

以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用的句型有：

(1)It + be + 形容词 + that从句

(2)It + be + 名词词组 + that从句

(3)It + be + 过去分词 + that从句

(4)It seem, happen等不及物动词 + that从句

形式宾语就是它并不是真正的宾语,而是用IT来代替的,这句话中TRAVEL AROUND是真正的宾语,为了不使句子有头重脚轻的感觉,所以宾语后至,但前边必须加个形式宾语.这句话若不使用形式宾语为:Li lei finds travling around the city is hard beacause he dosen't know the way.

二、英语书面表达专项训练

2．“持之以恒，方得始。”坚持是一种可贵的品格。生活中想要做成任何一件事情，都需要持之以恒的精神。

某英文网站正在开展以“坚持”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿。谈淡你在初中生活中坚持的一件事（爱好，习惯……），你是怎样做的，以及你的感受。

提示词语：keep, practice, difficult, give up, proud

提示问题：1. What did you do?

2. How do you feel?

It s important for us to keep trying to achieve our goals.

【答案】It's important for us to keep trying to achieve our goals.I love running and I have kept running for three years.

When I was in Grade 7，I was not good at sports and running was always my headache.I often failed in my running test.In order to catch up with my classmates，I began to practice running every day after school.Sometimes，I was so tired that I really wanted to give up.But I kept telling myself that I could make it.No matter what kind of difficulties I faced，I tried my best to keep running.Now I do much better in running and I'm very proud of myself.I feel more confident and I'm ready for any challenges in the future.

【解析】

【分析】

本篇是材料作文，根据所给提示写一篇自己在初中生活中坚持做的事；文中写明自己是怎么做的并谈谈自己的感受。

【详解】

1.本篇要求根据所给材料，用第一人称写初中生活中自己坚持做的一件事，根据提示，描写“What did you do?用一般过去时，描写How do you feel?用一般现在时。书写时要紧扣主题，文句通顺。

2.本例文开篇立即点明自己的坚持做的事是“跑步”，正文部分详细地描写了自己起初跑步总是不及格，通过克服困难、不懈地努力，坚持跑步，到现在比以前会跑；结尾谈了这件事对自己的影响；文章结构清晰，前后呼应。

3.本例文出彩之处在于用了很多的短语和重点句型。比如：固定搭配、固定句型It's +adj+ for us +to do sth、love doing sth、keep doing 、be good at、 catch up with、be proud of；不定式in order to；try my best to；状语从句so…that …；比较级do much better in …、feel more confident等；短语多彩、文句表达多样。

3．李华的英国笔友Jessica来信说, 她想了解中国的传统节日中秋节。假如你是李华, 请你给Jessica写一封信, 介绍该节日。内容须包含以下所有要点：

1. 中秋节的时间；

2. 中秋节的传统习俗及庆祝方式：全家人一起吃饭, 赏月, 吃月饼等；

3, 我最期待的活动。

要求：1.80--100词〔开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数）；2.语句通顺, 意思连贯, 书写工整。

Dear Jessica,

I'm glad to hear from you. Now let me introduce the Mid-Autumn Festival to

you.___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jessica,

I'm glad to hear from you. Now let me introduce the Mid-Autumn Festival to you. The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th of the 8th lunar month. It’s a big day for us Chinese people. All the family members get together to celebrate the festival. In the evening, we usually have a big dinner. And then we go outside and enjoy the full moon. The moon that night looks the brightest. With the beautiful moon up in the sky, we sit together to eat mooncakes, and share our stories. For me, the best part is to enjoy the moon and eat mooncakes. Mooncakes taste very delicious. They look like the moon, big and round.

Yours,

Li Hua 【解析】

【详解】

本篇写作是以书信的方式向笔友介绍中国的传统节日中秋节，要用一般现在时来写。全文可分两大部分，第一部分写中秋节的时间、传统习俗及庆祝方式，第二部分写我最期待的活动。

亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好地完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态，主谓一致，特别使用一些亮点词句，如get together，enjoy the full moon， share our stories等。增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，句子通顺，行文连贯。

4．书面表达

即将步入高中的你们马上要面对近几年热门讨论的“3+X”高考模式的选择(3即语文，数学，英语。X即物理，化学，历史，政治，生物等等科目)。对此，有人赞同，有人反对。请你根据以下提示内容，就”3+X”考试这一话题，谈谈你自己的看法。

注意：1.请根据表格内容，写出语法正确，语言优美的短文，可适当发挥。

2. 文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称及其它相关的信息，否则不予评分。

3.词数：80字左右（提示词不算字数）

We’re going to enter the senior high school this September.Nowadays,more and more people do pay attention to the 3+X Examination for College Entrance Examination(3+X高考).Some people think___________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

【答案】We're going to enter the senior high school this September．Nowadays，more and more people do pay attention to the 3+X Examination for College Entrance Examination（3+X高考）．Some people think 3+X Examination is very suitable for students．They can choose subjects that they are good at or interested in．They can get good marks in exam．Some people think it has disadvantages．In fact， it is more difficult for students to choose subjects．Some subjects have more competitors， and some students are difficult to choose suitable teachers or subjects．In my opinion，learning well is the most important thing．

【解析】

【分析】

这篇书面表达是篇议论文。主要是对热门话题新高考“3+X”模式讨论。

【详解】

这个话题，考生都比较熟悉，也贴近考生的实际。考生需要根据表格所给的内容，先表述正反两方面的观点，其次要加入自己的观点，这是要求考生自己发挥的。在写作时考生可以使用自己熟悉的短语，句式，避免出现错误；建议使用一些长难句给作文加分；最后要检查，拼写是否有误，标点符号使用是否恰当等。

【点睛】

写作时要明确要点，做到思路清晰，句式灵活，表达流畅，语法正确，结合要求，注意作文题材，不要写跑题.日常积累一些短语和词句.

5．

假如你是Liu Bin，请用英语给笔友Bob回复邮件。

注意：1.文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；

2.要点齐全，语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；

3.词数100左右，邮件的开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Bob,

I’m very glad to know that you will come t o our school.

Yours,

Liu Bin

【答案】Dear Bob,

I'm very glad to know that you will come to our school. Let me tell you something about it. Our school is very big and our classroom is very tidy. We go to school five days a week and have six classes every day. There is also an activity class in the afternoon. Usually I take exercise after school so that I can keep healthy and study better. Sometimes I listen to the music for a while, which is a good way to relax myself. Of course, I help my parents with the housework at the weekends too.

My classmates are very nice. We often help each other. Everyone has his own way to do things, so we should understand each other. Besides, it is important for us to communicate with each other and share our happiness and sadness.

I'm looking forward to your coming.

Yours,

Liu Bin

【解析】

【详解】

这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如be glad to，listen to the music，five days a week，so that，prepare for，for a while，of course，at the weekends，help each other，look forward to等。而固定句型it is important for us to communicate with each other and share our happiness and sadness.和I'm very glad to know that you will come to our school./ Usually I take exercise after school so that I can keep healthy and study better./ Sometimes I listen to the music for a while, which is a good way to relax myself.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。

【点睛】

书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。

6．书面表达

生活中好友间也会因各种原因闹些小矛盾，当你与朋友间产生不愉快后，你会如何处理此类问题呢？请根据以下提示点谈谈你的想法。

1. 上周日，你的好友Lisa，弄丢了你最心爱的图书，这是妈妈送给你的生日礼物；

2. 但是Lisa并没有因此而道歉，你很难过；

3. 你喜欢阅读，认为读书可以开阔眼界，所以你很珍惜自己的每一本书籍；

4. 接下来你打算……参考词汇：cherish珍惜open up one’s eyes开阔眼界

要求：

1. 字数80-100个；

2. 开头已经给出不计入总词数；

3. 要点齐全，行为连贯，适当发挥。

When I have trouble with my best friend

There are always problems around us, even between close friends. Let me tell you something about myself. Last Sunday.

_______________________________________________________________________________ ______

__________________________________________________________________

【答案】When I have trouble with my best friend

There are always problems around us, even between close friends. Let me tell you something about myself. Last Sunday my best friend Lisa lost my favourite book that was a birthday present from my mother. The book is very meaningful for me. What’s more, she didn’t apologize to me about this, I felt quite sad. I love reading, because it can open up our eyes and increase our knowledge. I cherish every book of mine and they are my treasure.

So I am going to have a serious talk with Lisa in order to tell her my true feelings. I think we can buy a new one and read it together. In fact, understanding is the most important thing between friends.

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇材料作文。

【详解】

根据题干“生活中好友间也会因各种原因闹些小矛盾，当你与朋友间产生不愉快后，你会如何处理此类问题呢？”要求可知，本文用一般过去时，人称用第一人称。

英语作文一般分为三个部分：

第一部分：开篇点题——我将介绍和好友闹矛盾的一件事情。

第二部分：文章主体——具体介绍这件事情的始末。

根据事情发展顺序，从先到后交代事情的经过，我做了什么，为什么会和好友有矛盾。

这些内容用一般过去时，注意动词的过去式变形。

1. 上周日，你的好友Lisa，弄丢了你最心爱的图书，这是妈妈送给你的生日礼物；

2. 但是Lisa并没有因此而道歉，你很难过；

3. 你喜欢阅读，认为读书可以开阔眼界，所以你很珍惜自己的每一本书籍；

4. 接下来你打算……

第三部分：总结全文——好友之间应该互相理解。

7．你有没有因为没能好好管理时间而影响了学习的经历?请你写一篇文章谈谈这件事及你的看法。

内容包括：1.你没完成学习任务的经历（事情，原因及后果）；2.针对如何管理好时间给出几点建议。

作文要求：1.短文须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。

3.词数80个左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。

Once, I couldn't make good use of time and it had a bad influence on my

study.__________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________

【答案】Once, I couldn't make good use of time and it had a bad influence on my study.

I had an experience like this. Last weekend, my good friend, Jim taught me how to play a kind of computer game. It was interesting. So I spent more time on it. I forgot to do my homework in the end. My teachers and parents were angry with me. I was also upset.

How to make good use of our time? I think we should make a weekday plan. We should write what we are going to do on the paper, mark the deadline of each thing clearly and put the paper up somewhere we can see it easily. It can help us to remember what we have to do next.

【解析】

【详解】

这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如make good use of，last weekend，how to do，play a game，a kind of，spent more time on，forget to do，in the end，be angry with，be going to do，on the paper，put up等。而特殊非谓语动词结构Jim taught me how to play a kind of computer game.和I think we should make a weekday plan. /We should write what we are going to do on the paper, mark the deadline of each thing clearly and put the paper up somewhere we can see it easily. /It can help us to remember what we have to

do next.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。

【点睛】

书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。

8．书面表达（本题15分）根据要求完成短文写作，请将作文写在答题卡指定的位置上。为了使生活更美好，社会需要正能量（positive energy）。生活中，我们需要他人的帮助，也要学会帮助他人。请你在网上给What would you do?本期节目留言，内容包括：

1. 你对节目中挺身而出的顾客的看法；

2. 说说你帮助别人或别人帮助你的一件事例；

3. 呼吁大家互帮互助，彼此感恩，让社会充满正能量。

作文要求：

1．不得照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名。

2．语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的开头已经给出，不必抄写在试卷上，也不计入总词数。

In the program, a customer stood up when a blind woman was cheated badly in a cake shop.

_______

【答案】In the program, a customer stood up when a blind woman was cheated badly in a cake shop. I really admire her because she was brave enough to help the woman in need.

The other day I saw a little girl crying at a street corner on my way home. I tried my best to make her stop crying. When I knew she was lost, I helped her make a call to her dad and stayed with her until he arrived. I found it pleasant to give others a hand.

In my opinion, we are supposed to help each other and be thankful for others’ help. I strongly believe helping others will fill our society with positive energy. As the saying goes, “The rose’s in her hand, the flavor in mine.”（113w）

【解析】

【详解】

本文属于话题作文，描述对节目中挺身而出的顾客的看法、发生在你身上正能量的事件以及鼓励大家相互帮助，并让世界充满正能量。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。

亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，特别适用一些亮点词句，如be for, adj enough to do, the other day, try one’s best, make sb do, make a call, give sb a hand, in one’s opinion, be supposed to, be filled with, the rose in her hand, the flavor in mine等。增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。

【点睛】

写作时可以从以下几个方面做起：

认真审题。审好题是写好书面表达的关键。审题时要注意试题的要求，抓住要点，词数符合要求。

构思提纲。有了提纲，我们就可以根据提纲和主题确定相关的写作材料。通常书面表达给出的话题是开放的，而具体的内容要求学生自己发挥，因此选择恰当的素材也是使短文中心突出、明确的关键。

初写短文。一切都准备就绪，就可以动笔写作了，在写作的过程中我们要注意句子的准确性、连贯性以及简洁性。使用的词语、短语及句型尽量用自己有把握的词。同时还要注意使用恰当的连词，使句子衔接自然。

修改润色。修改润色是获取高分的必要步骤。这一步我们除了检查短文的各种错误外，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，格式是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。

9．为配合学校“诚信教育”活动，学校英语报开展了以“Try to be honest”为主题的征文活动。请你根据下面的内容提示，写一篇征文稿。

（1）列举你班同学存在的不诚实现象：抄作业，考试作弊，说谎话......;

（2）简述诚实的重要性，并用你的一次具体经历加以说明。

注意：（1）文中不得出现真实的人名和学校名称。

（2）词数100左右。

（3）短文首句仅供参考，不计入总数。

参考词汇：作弊cheat（v.）说谎tell a lie

Try to be honest

To be honest is one of the most treasured traditional values in China.____________________

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___________________________________________________________________________【答案】Try to be honest

To be honest is one of the most treasured traditional values in China. The children are taught to be honest when they are very young. At schools the students are also instructed to be honest. However, with the development of society, we often hear complaints about dishonesty. Reports with the theme of dishonesty often appear in the media. For example, some people try to get rich and live a comfortable life. But they do not work hard honestly, instead they cheat others. They sell something quite ordinary at a very high price. Some people’s delaying paying back the loan can serve as another example. Some people, including some college students, get loan from the bank, and promise to pa y within, say, 3 years. However, they don’t do that.

The dishonest people sometimes can get benefit from their behaviors. So some people assert that dishonesty can bring people benefit, while honesty only makes people suffer. Is that so? Definitely not. It is always true that honesty is the best policy. It pays to be honest. The cheater selling "the treasure" mentioned above will surely be disclosed and punished some day.

On the contrary, if he had been honest, neither the buyer nor he himself would have suffered.

The people who do not return money in time will sooner or later become infamous, and will not get the money from others again. If he had acted differently, he would have earned respect and trust, meanwhile, the bank would not have suffered from loss.

【解析】这是一篇诚信征文，英语作文要注意人称和时态，注意提供的观点、材料，要注意句子的完整性，谓语动词的正确形式，句子之间的衔接和过渡。英语作文，要忠实于材料，不必扩展，注意用好连词，多用非谓语，慎用较难的句型，一定不能写错句。