形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则、用法

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

1．一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est；

（1）单音节词

如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest

（2）双音节词

如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest 2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st；如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest 3．重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er,最高级加-est；

如：big→bigger→biggest fat→fatter→fattest

4．辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest

5．其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

different→more different→most different

popular→more popular→most popular

注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.

例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

（2）形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常".

It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.

6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级不规则

good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

ma ny/much→more→most little→less→least

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1．“A + be +形容词比较级+ than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”.

如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高.

①在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较.②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”.如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级.

2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.

春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了.

The wind became more and more heavily. 风变得越来越大.

3．含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式. 如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?

4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”.

The sooner,the better. 越快越好.

5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：

①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高

三倍.(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)

②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)

③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍.

6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最……”的意思.如：He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的.

7."否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义. Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.

8. 比较级与最高级的转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class

9.修饰比较级和最高级的词

(1）可修饰比较级的词①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等. (除by far外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面. )②. 可用表倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语.

(2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost. This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.

10. 序数词通常只修饰最高级.

11.要避免重复使用比较级. 12.要避免将主语含在比较对象中. 13.要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词.

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