新人教版必修四《马伶传》原文和译文
马伶传①
马伶者，金陵梨园部也②。金陵为明之留都③，社稷百官皆在④；而又当太平盛时，人易为乐，其士女之问桃叶渡⑤、游雨花台者，趾相错也⑥。梨园以技鸣者，无论数十辈⑦，而其最著者二：曰兴化部，曰华林部。
一日，新安贾合两部为大会⑧，遍征金陵之贵客文人⑨，与夫妖姬静女⑩，莫不毕集(11)。列兴化于东肆(12)，华林于西肆，两肆皆奏《鸣凤》所谓椒山先生者(13)。迨半奏(14)，引商刻羽(15)，抗坠疾徐(16)，并称善也。当两相国论河套(17)，而西肆之为严嵩相国者曰李伶，东肆则马伶。坐客乃西顾而叹(18)，或
大呼命酒，或移座更近之，首不复东(19)。未几更进(20)，则东肆不复能终曲。询其故，盖马伶耻出李伶下，已易衣遁矣(21)。
马伶者，金陵之善歌者也。既去(22)，而兴化部又不肯辄以易之(23)，乃竟辍其技不奏(24)，而华林部独著。
去后且三年(25)，而马伶归，遍告其故侣(26)，请于新安贾曰：“今日幸为开宴(27)，招前日宾客，愿与华林部更奏《鸣凤》(28)，奉一日欢。”既奏，已而论河套(29)，马伶复为严嵩相国以出，李伶忽失声，匍匐前称弟子(30)。兴化部是日遂凌出华林部远甚(31)。
其夜，华林部过马伶曰(32)：“子(33)，天下之善技也，然无以易李伶(34)。李伶之为严相国至矣(35)，子又安从授之而掩其上哉(36)？”马伶曰：“固然(37)，天下无以易李伶；李伶即又不肯授我。我闻今相国昆山顾秉谦者(38)，严相国俦也(39)。我走京师，求为其门卒三年，日侍昆山相国于朝房，察其举止，聆其语言(40)，久乃得之。此吾之所为师也。”华林部相与罗拜而去(41)。
马伶名锦，字云将，其先西域人(42)，当时犹称马回回云。
侯方域曰：异哉！马伶之自得师也。夫其以李伶为绝技，无所于求(43)，乃走事昆山(44)，见昆山犹之见分宜也；以分宜教分宜(45)，安得不工哉！呜乎！耻其技之不若(46)，而去数千里为卒三年，倘三年犹不得，即犹不归尔(47)。其志如此，技之工又须问耶(48)？
注释
注释
①文章写马姓演员不能胜人，负气出走，长期深入社会生活，从而演技大进，扮演人物非常逼真，说明了戏剧表演中的一个深刻道理：要获得成功，必须长期观察体验生活。文章选材集中，简繁得当，先叙两次会演，马伶始败终胜，后借马伶答同叙其缘由，颇有章法。
②金陵：南京市旧名。梨园部：戏班。《新唐书·礼乐志》：唐玄宗“选坐部伎子弟三百，教于梨园，号梨园弟
子。”后世因称戏剧团体为梨园。
③明之留都：明代开国时建都金陵，成祖朱棣迁都北京，以金陵为留都，改名南京，也设置一套朝廷机构。
④社稷：古代帝王、诸侯所祭的土神和谷神。《白虎通义·社稷》：“王者所以有社稷何？为天下求福报功。人非土不立，非谷不食。土地广博，不可遍也；五谷众多，不可一一祭也。故封土立社，示有土尊；稷，五谷之长，故立稷而祭之也。”后来遂用作国家之代称。这里仍用本义。
⑤问：探访。
⑥趾相错：脚印相交错，形容游人之多。
⑦无论：大概，约计。
⑧新安：今安徽歙(shè射)县。贾(gǔ古)：商人。
⑨征：召集。
⑩妖姬：艳丽女人。静女：语出《诗经·邶风·静女》“静女其姝”。指少女。
(11)毕集：都来了。(12)肆：店铺，这里指戏场。
(13)《鸣凤》：指明传奇《鸣凤记》，传为王世贞门人所作，演夏言、杨继盛诸人与权相严嵩斗争故事。椒山先生：杨继盛，字仲芳，号椒山，容城(今属河北省)人，官至南京兵部右侍郎，因弹劾严嵩被害。(14)迨(dià代)：等到。半奏：演到中间。
(15)引商刻羽：演奏音乐。商、羽，古五音名。宋玉《对楚王问》：“引商刻羽，杂以流徵，国中属而和者，不过数人而已。是其曲弥高，其和弥寡。”
(16)抗坠疾徐：声音高低快慢。《礼记·乐记》：“歌者上如抗，下如队(坠)。”孙希旦集解引方氏悫曰：“抗，言声之发扬；队，言声之重浊。”(17)两相国论河套：指《鸣凤记》第六出《两相争朝》，情节是宰相夏言和严嵩争论收复河套事。河套，地名，黄河流经今内蒙古自治区西南部，形曲如套子，中间一带称作河套。在明代，河套为鞑靼(dádá达达)族所聚居，经常内扰，杨继盛、夏言诸人主张收复，严嵩反对，所以发生廷争。严嵩为当时专揽朝政的权臣，官至太子少师，结党营私，后被劾罢免。(18)西顾：往西看，指为华林部李伶的演出所吸引。叹：赞叹，赞赏。
(19)首不复东：头不再往东看，意为不愿看兴化部马伶演出。
(20)更进：继续往下演出。
(21)“盖马伶”两句：原因是马伶耻于居李伶之下，卸装逃走。易衣，这里指卸装。
(22)既去：已离开。既，表行动完成。
(23)辄以易之：随便换人。辄，犹“即”。《汉书·吾丘寿王传》：“盗贼不辄伏辜，免脱者众。”可引申为随便。
(24)辍(chuò龊)：停止。
(25)且：将近。
(26)故侣：旧日伴侣，指同班艺人。
(27)幸：冀也，希望。
(28)更奏：再次献演。
(29)已而：不久。
(30)“李伶”二句：李伶顿然惊愕，不禁出声，伏地称弟子。匐匍(púfú蒲伏)，伏在地上。
(31)凌出：高出，凌驾于对方之上。
(32)华林部：指华林部伶人。过：拜访。
(33)子：你，对对方的尊称。
(34)易：轻视。《左传·襄公四年》：“贵货易土。”引申为胜过。
(35)为：此是扮演的意思。至矣：象极、妙极。
(36)安从授之：从哪里学到。掩其上：盖过他。掩，盖过。《国语·晋语五》：“尔童子，而三掩人于朝。”
(37)固然：确实。(38)昆山：县名，在江苏省。顾秉谦：明熹宗天启年间为首辅，是阉党中人。(39)俦：同类人。
(40)“察其”二句：观察其行动，聆听其言语。聆，听。(41)罗拜：数人环列行礼。
(42)西域：古代地理名称，指今新疆维吾尔自治区及中亚一部分地方。
(43)无所于求：没有办法得到。
(44)走事昆山：到顾秉谦处去做仆从。事，侍奉。昆山，古人习惯以籍贯指代人，这里即指顾秉谦。下句“分宜”，即指严嵩，严嵩为分宜(今江西分宜县)人。
(45)以分宜教分宜：意即以生活中之严嵩为榜样来学演严嵩。
高级中学语文必修四文言文翻译(必修4)
廉颇是赵国优秀的将领。赵惠文王十六年，廉颇担任赵国的大将，攻打齐国，大败齐军，夺取了阳晋，被任命为上卿。于是廉颇以他的勇猛善战而闻名于诸侯各国。蔺相如是赵国人，做赵国宦官头目缪贤的门客。 赵惠文王时，赵国得到楚国的和氏璧。秦昭王听说这件事，派人送给赵王一封信，说愿意用十五座城给赵国，请求换取和氏璧。赵王跟大将军廉颇及许多大臣商量：想把这块宝玉给秦国，又怕得不到秦国的城，白白受欺骗；想不给吧，又担心秦兵打过来。主意拿不定，想找个可以派遣去回复秦国的人，又找不到。宦官头目缪贤说：“我的门客蔺相如可以出使。”赵王问：“您根据什么知道他可以出使呢？”缪贤回答说：“我曾经犯有罪过，私下打算要逃到燕国去。我的门客蔺相如阻拦我说：‘您凭什么知道燕王（会收留您）？’我告诉他，我曾跟随大王与燕王在边境相会，燕王私下握着我的手说‘愿意交个朋友’，凭这个知道他，所以打算去他那里。蔺相如对我说：‘如今赵国强，燕国弱，您又受赵王宠幸，所以燕王想跟您结交。现在您竟从赵国逃奔到燕国，燕王害怕赵国，这种形势下燕王一定不敢收留您，反而会把您捆绑起来送回赵国的。您不如袒胸露臂，趴在斧质上请罪，就能侥幸得到赵王赦免’。我听从了他的意见，幸而大王赦免了我。我私下认为蔺相如是个勇士，有智谋，应该是可以出使的。” 于是赵王召见蔺相如，问他：“秦王打算用十五座城换我的璧，可不可以给他？”蔺相如说：“秦国强大，赵国弱小，不能不答应他的要求。”赵王说：“拿走我的璧，不给我城，怎么办？”蔺相如说：“秦王用城换璧而赵国不答应，理亏的是赵国；赵国给秦璧而它不给赵国城，理亏的是秦国。比较这两种对策，宁可答应秦的请求而让它负理亏的责任。”赵王问：“可以派谁去呢？”蔺相如回答说：“大王如果找不到人，我愿意捧着和氏璧出使秦国。城给了赵国，就把璧留在秦国；城池不给赵国，我保证完整无缺地把和氏璧带回赵国。”赵王就派蔺相如带着和氏璧向西进入秦国。 秦王坐在章台宫接见蔺相如。蔺相如捧着和氏璧呈献给秦王。秦王非常高兴，把和氏璧传给妃嫔及侍从人员看，群臣都欢呼“万岁”。蔺相如看出秦王没有把城酬报给赵国的意思，就上前说：“璧上有点毛病，请让我指给大王看。”秦王
外研版高中英语必修四课文文本
外研版高中英语必修四课文文 本(总15页) -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1 -CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除
Module 1 Reading The City of the Future What will the city of the future look like No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. But one thing is certain— they are going to get bigger before they get smaller. In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out. We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminium, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power. All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain. To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025. Here are some of the ideas they had: Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems. Batman Nets Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.
外研版高中英语必修4 module 5 课文翻译(带要点)
高中英语课本必修四重点课文英汉对照高效辅导 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Module 5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges 三峡之旅 In August 1996, Peter Hessler, a young American teacher of English, arrived in the town of Fuling on the Yangtze River. He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college. They were the only foreigners in the town. The first semester finished at the end of January and they had four weeks off f or the Spring Festival. They could go anywhere they wished. They decided to take a boat downstream. We decided to buy tickets for the Jiangyou boat. 我们打算买到“江油号”的船票。 Our colleagues said, “You shouldn’t go on those ships. They are very crowded. They are mainly for goods and people trading along the river. 同事们说：“你们不要坐那种船。它们太拥挤，主要是用来运货的。乘客多事沿江做生意的人。 They don’t stop at the temples and there won’t be any other foreigners.” That sounded fine to me. 那些船不停靠庙宇，也不会有别的外国游人乘坐。”我觉得听起来还不错。 We just had to show our passports and they let us get on the boat.我们出示护照后边上了船。 We left the docks on a beautiful afternoon. The sun was shining brightly as we sailed downstream through a hilly region. 在一个美丽的午后，我们离开码头。当我们顺流而下穿过山区的时候，阳光很灿烂。 Men rode bamboo rafts along the river’s edge and coal boats went past. 男人们乘坐着江边的竹筏，运煤的小船来来往往。 As the sun set we docked at Fengdu. We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda. It was beautiful. 太阳落山时，我们的船在丰都靠岸。我们目睹太阳在白塔后西沉，美丽极了。 We slept through the first gorge, which is called the Qutang Gorge. 穿过长江第一峡——翟塘峡时，我们正在睡梦中。 The gorge narrows to 350 feet as the river rushes through the tow-mile-high mountains. 江水在两英里高峰峦间奔流，峡谷狭窄处只有350英尺。 “Oh, well,” my friend said, “at least we have two more left.”我朋友说；“至少我们还能看见另外两个峡谷”。 At Wushan we made a detour up the Daning River to see some of the smaller gorges. 船到巫山时，我们绕道溯游大宁河，观赏了几处小峡谷。 The next day we went through the ig gorges on the Yangtze River. It was a lovely morning as we went through the Wu Gorge. 第二天，我们经过了长江的大峡谷。在一个美丽的上午轮船驶过巫峡。 We passed the Xiang River, home of Qu Yuan, the 3rd century BC poet. There was so much history long the Yangtze River. 我们还经过了湘江，那是公元前三世纪一位诗人——屈原的家乡。 Every rock looked like a person or animal, every stream that joined the great river carried its legends, every hill was heavy with the past. 长江有太多的历史。块块巨石形象各异，条条支流都流淌着传说，座座小山承载着过往。 As we came out of the third gorge, the Xiling Gorge, we sailed into the construction site of the dam. 穿过长江三峡+西陵峡后，轮船驶入大坝建设处的江面。 All the passengers came on deck. We took pictures and pointed at the site, but we weren’t allowed to get off the boat. 所有乘客都上了甲板，大家拍照片，对着工地指指点点，但不可以下船。 The Chinese flag was blowing in the wind. On a distant mountain was a sign in 20-foot characters. “Build the Three Gorges Dam, Exploit the Yangtze River,” it said. 五星红旗在风中飘扬着。远山上写着英尺大的汉子“建造长江大坝，开发长江资源”。
语文必修四文言文翻译
语文必修四文言文翻译 1季氏将伐颛臾 季孙氏将要讨伐颛臾。冉有、季路拜见孔子说:“季孙氏准备对颛臾采取军事行动。”孔子说:“冉有！我恐怕该责备您了。那颛臾,从前先王把她当作主管东蒙山祭祀的人,而且它地处鲁国境内。这就是鲁国的臣属,为什么要讨伐它呢？” 冉有说:“季孙要这么干,我们两个做臣下的都不愿意。”孔子说:“冉有！周任有句话说:‘能施展才能就担任那职位,不能这样做则不担任那职务。’盲人遇到危险却不去护持,将要跌倒却不去搀扶,那何必要用那个做相的人呢？况且您的话错了,老虎与犀牛从笼子里跑出,龟甲与玉器在匣子里被毁坏,这就是谁的过错呢？” 冉有说:“如今颛臾城墙坚固而且靠近费城,现在不夺取,后世一定会成为子孙们的忧虑。”孔子说:“冉有！君子厌恶那种不说自己想去做却偏要编造借口(来搪塞态度)的人。我听说士大夫都有自己的封地,她们不怕财富不多而怕分配不均匀,不怕民众不多而怕不安定。财物分配公平合理,就没有贫穷;上下与睦,就不必担心人少;社会安定,国家就没有倾覆的危险。依照这个道理,原来的远方的人不归服,就发扬文治教化来使她归服;使她来了之后,就要使她安定下来。如今由与求两人辅佐季孙,远方的人不归服,却不能使她们来;国家四分五裂而不能保持它的稳定统一;反而在境内策划兴起干戈。我恐怕季孙氏的忧虑,不在颛臾,而就是在鲁国内部。”
2寡人之于国也 梁惠王说:“我对于国家,总算尽了心啦。河内遇到饥荒,就把那里的老百姓迁移到河东去,把河东的粮食转移到河内;河东遇到饥荒也就是这样做。了解一下邻国的政治,没有像我这样用心的。邻国的百姓不见减少,我的百姓不见增多,这就是为什么呢？” 孟子回答说:“大王喜欢打仗,让我用战争做比喻吧。咚咚地敲响战鼓,两军开始交战,战败的扔掉盔甲拖着武器逃跑。有人逃了一百步然后停下来,有的人逃了五十步然后停下来。凭自己只跑了五十步而耻笑别人跑了一百步,那怎么样呢？” 梁惠王说:“不行。只不过没有跑上一百步罢了,那也就是逃跑啊。” 孟子说:“大王如果懂得这个道理,就不要指望自己的百姓比邻国多了。“不耽误农业生产的季节,粮食就会吃不完。密网不下到池塘里,鱼鳖之类的水产就会吃不完。按一定的季节入山伐木,木材就会用不完。粮食与水产吃不完,木材用不完,这就使百姓对生养死葬没有什么不满了。百姓对生养死葬没有什么不满,这就是王道的开端。“五亩大的住宅场地,种上桑树,五十岁的人就可以穿丝织品了。鸡、猪、狗的畜养,不要耽误它们的繁殖时机,七十岁的人就可以吃肉食了。百亩大的田地,不要耽误它的耕作时节,数口之家就可以不受饥饿了。认真地兴办学校教育,把尊敬父母、敬爱兄长的道理反复讲给百姓听,须发花白的老人就不会背负或头顶重物在路上行走了。七十岁的人能够穿上
高中英语新课标必修四Unit5课文原文
Book 4 Unit 5 Theme Parks . There are v arious kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, c artoons, movies or history. . Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest r oller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. . Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you! . It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. 8. As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street. 9. Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. 10. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing w herever there is a Disneyland. 12. Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America's traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has rides, the park's main a ttraction is its culture. People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects in the old-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam- engine train still working in the southeast USA. preserve. You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world's largest bald eagle And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about America's historical southeastern culture! If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds o f English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England's Camelot Park is the place for you.
高一英语必修四课文逐句翻译(人教版)
高一英语必修四课文逐句翻译(人教版) 1.必修四Unit1ASTUDENTOFAFRICANWILDLIFE 非洲野生动物研究者 Itis5:45amandthesunisjustrisingoverGombeNationalParkinEastA frica.清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，FollowingJane'swayofstudyingchimps,ourgroupareallgoingtovis itthemintheforest.我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森 林里拜访它们。Janehasstudiedthesefamiliesofchimpsformanyyearsandhelpedpeo pleunderstandhowmuchtheybehavelikehumans.简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。Watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisourfirstactivityoftheday.我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。Thismeansgoingbacktotheplacewhereweleftthefamilysleepingina treethenightbefore.这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。Everybodysitsandwaitsintheshadeofthetreeswhilethefamilybegi nstowakeupandmoveoff.大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。Thenwefollowastheywanderintotheforest.然后这 群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。 Mostofthetime,chimpseitherfeedorcleaneachotherasawayofshowi
完整版人教版英语必修四课文电子版
Unit 1 Women of achievement Reading A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family beings to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Them we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as long as in a human family. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. Four forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: “Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, ‘Aren't they luck?' And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget…” She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievement of women. Using language WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORD? I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the
人教版高中英语必修四课文翻译
人教版高中英语必修四课文翻译 第一单元：非洲野生动物研究者 清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或相互喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家庭里是表示爱的方式。简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了。不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们晚上一切回窝里睡觉了。我明白了猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。 在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常生活。从孩提时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。但是，这不是一件简单的事。当她1960年最初来到贡贝时，对女性来说，住进大森林还是很稀罕的事情。她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。而在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。她曾经亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩肢体语言的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。 40年来，简古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的保护区。她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的：“我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。我会对自己说：‘难道它们不幸运吗？’然后我就想起那些没有任何过错却被关在笼子里的小黑猩猩。一旦你看到这些，你就永远不会忘记……” 简已经得到了她想要得到的一切：在动物的栖息地工作；获得博士学位；还向世人证明女人和男人一样也能在森林里生活。她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。
高中语文必修四文言文翻译必修4
实用文档 文案大全 廉颇是赵国优秀的将领。赵惠文王十六年，廉颇担任赵国的大将，攻打齐国，大败齐军，夺取了阳晋，被任命为上卿。于是廉颇以他的勇猛善战而闻名于诸侯各国。蔺相如是赵国人，做赵国宦官头目缪贤的门客。 赵惠文王时，赵国得到楚国的和氏璧。秦昭王听说这件事，派人送给赵王一封信，说愿意用十五座城给赵国，请求换取和氏璧。赵王跟大将军廉颇及许多大臣商量：想把这块宝玉给秦国，又怕得不到秦国的城，白白受欺骗；想不给吧，又担心秦兵打过来。主意拿不定，想找个可以派遣去回复秦国的人，又找不到。宦官头目缪贤说：“我的门客蔺相如可以出使。”赵王问：“您根据什么知道他可以出使呢？”缪贤回答说：“我曾经犯有罪过，私下打算要逃到燕国去。我的门客蔺相如阻拦我说：‘您凭什么知道燕王（会收留您）？'我告诉他，我曾跟随大王与燕王在边境相会，燕王私下握着我的手说‘愿意交个朋友'，凭这个知道他，所以打算去他那里。蔺相如对我说：‘如今赵国强，燕国弱，您又受赵王宠幸，所以燕王想跟您结交。现在您竟从赵国逃奔到燕国，燕王害怕赵国，这种形势下燕王一定不敢收留您，反而会把您捆绑起来送回赵国的。您不如袒胸露臂，趴在斧质上请罪，就能侥幸得到赵王赦免'。我听从了他的意见，幸而大王赦免了我。我私下认为蔺相如是个勇士，有智谋，应该是可以出使的。” 于是赵王召见蔺相如，问他：“秦王打算用十五座城换我的璧，可不可以给他？”蔺相如说：“秦国强大，赵国弱小，不能不答应他的要求。”赵王说：“拿走我的璧，不给我城，怎么办？”蔺相如说：“秦王用城换璧
而赵国不答应，理亏的是赵国；赵国给秦璧而它不给赵国城，理亏的是秦国。比较这两种对策，宁可答应秦的请求而让它负理亏的责任。”赵王问：“可以派谁去呢？”蔺相如回答说：“大王如果找不到人，我愿意捧着和 氏璧出使秦国。城给了赵国，就把璧留在秦国；城池不给赵国，我保证完整无缺地把和氏璧带回赵国。”赵王就派蔺相如带着和氏璧向西进入秦国。秦王坐在章台宫接见蔺相如。蔺相如捧着和氏璧呈献给秦王。秦王非常高兴，把和氏璧传给妃嫔及侍从人员看，群臣都欢呼“万岁”。蔺相如看 出秦王没有把城酬报给赵国的意思，就上前说：“璧上有点毛病，请让我 指给大王看。”秦王 实用文档 文案大全把和氏璧交给蔺相如。蔺相如于是捧着璧退了几步站住，背靠着柱子，怒发竖立，像要把帽子顶起来。他对秦王说：“大王想要得到和氏璧，派人送信给赵王，赵王召集所有大臣商议，都说：‘秦国贪婪，依仗它强大，想用空话来诈取和氏璧，补偿给赵国的城恐怕得不到。'打算不给秦 国和氏璧。但是我认为平民之间的交往，尚且不相互欺骗，何况是大国之间的交往呢!而且因为一块璧的缘故惹得强大的秦国不高兴，不应该。于 是赵王斋戒了五天，派我捧着和氏璧，在朝堂上行过叩拜礼，亲自拜送了国书。这是为什么？为的是尊重大国的威望而表示敬意。现在我来到秦国，大王却在一般的宫殿里接见我，礼节显得十分傲慢；得到璧后又将它传给妃嫔们看，以此来戏弄我。我看大王无意补偿给赵国十五座城，所以又把它取回来。大王一定要逼迫我，我的头现在就与和氏璧一起撞碎在柱子上!”蔺相如拿着那和氏璧，斜视着柱子，就要撞击在柱子上。秦王怕他撞碎和氏璧，就婉言道歉，坚决请求他不要把和氏璧撞碎，并召唤负责的官吏察
人教版高中英语必修4课文原文Unit1--5
必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages
高中英语必修4课文逐句翻译
1.必修四Module1 The City of the Future未来城市 What will the city of the future look like未来的城市会是什么样子呢No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. 没有人确切的了解，预测也是一件很危险的事情。But one thing is certain---they are going to get bigger before they get smaller.但是有一件事情是可以肯定的---他们将会先变大，然后再变小。In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out. 在未来，爱护环境将会很重要，因为地球的资源将濒临枯竭。We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminum, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. 我们将会使用大量的可回收材料，例如，塑料、铝、钢铁、玻璃、木头和纸。我们浪费自然资源的程度将会有所减弱。We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power.我们也将不得不更多地依赖其他能源。例如，太阳能和风能。All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain. 所有的这些似乎是肯定的，但是还有许多关于城市生活的事情仍是未知的。 To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025.为了获知年轻人对未来城市生活的想法，美国得克萨斯州的一位大学老师让他的学生思考如何管理一个在2025 年拥有5万人口的城市，Here are some of the ideas they had:下面是他们的一些构想: Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.垃圾船:为了摆脱垃圾问题的困扰，城市将会用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃材料，朝太阳射，这样做防止了垃圾填埋和环境间题。 Batman Nets：Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.勤务兵网: 警察逮捕罪犯时，将会向罪犯射出网状物而不是用枪。 Forget smoking：No smoking will be allowed 'within a future city's limits. Smoking will be possible only outside cities, and outdoors.戒烟:在未来城市范围内将禁止吸烟。只有在郊区和户外才允许吸烟。 Forget the malls：In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will