职称英语(理工类B级)押题及答案

职称英语(理工类B级)押题及答案

第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 According to some observers, television has acquired a disquieting monopoly over people's leisure time.

A recent

B business

C noisy

D troubling

2 Professor Smith continued his research work and disregarded his colleague's advice.

A ignored

B deplored

C explored

D implored

3 Before the development of movable metal type in the mid-fifteenth century, news was

disseminated by word of mouth, by letter, or by public notice.

A organized

B requested

C distributed

D limited

4 Corn, domesticated by the American Indians, was brought to Europe by Columbus.

A trained

B cultivated

C implanted

D reared

5 Of all the wild dogs, none is more closely related to the domesticated dog than the wolf.

A ordinary

B tame

C faithful

D hunting

6 The dominant theme in the music is of tranquility and peacefulness.

A major

B final

C copious

D sluggish

7 During their winter hibernation period, bears doze.

A sleep lightly

B lose fur

C go hungry

D have babies

8 The municipal home-rule system used in many United States cities gives a city the right to

draft its own charter.

A enforce

B make revisions in

C draw up

D have

9 The Little Foxes, a drama by Lillian Hellman, was first produced in New York in 1939.

A play

B novel

C musical

D dance

10 The new wing of the National Art Gallery in Washington D.C., drew twenty-two thousand

visitors on its opening day.

A captivated

B attracted

C entertained

D fascinated

11 Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawback.

A property

B additive

C disadvantage

D disparity

12 A long journey in cold weather is dreadfully tiring.

A unfortunately

B terribly

C noticeably

D predictably

13 The manchineel tree has smooth, pale brown bark and long, drooping branches.

A spindly

B prickly

C sagging

D blossoming

14 A drop in the overall price of goods and services may signal a period of deflation.

A A freeze

B A pattern

C A fall

D An interest

15 The drought destroyed the crops in the Southwest of the United States.

A dry period

B precipitation

C locusts

D temperature

extreme

第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C

The Fat Problem that Men Face

It is a pleasure to see men of a certain age worrying about their weight. Listening to them is not such a pleasure. Because the men are new at the game, they don't hesitate to discuss the fat problem incessantly. However women of the same age do not discuss the fat problem, especially not in mixed company. They prefer to face the problem with quiet dignity. Discussing the problem might only draw attention to some stray body part that may be successfully tucked away under an article of clothing.

The age at which a man begins to explore the fat problem can vary. The actual problem can manifest itself in the early 30’s,but broad-range discussion usually starts later. There are early nonverbal symptoms .I've watched the rugged journalist who shares my apartment sneak by with a Diet Coke. His shirts are no longer neatly tucked in to display a trim waist. Recently he has begun to verbalize his anxiety .He tells me, with a sheepish grin, that he is taking his suits to Chinatown

to have them”tailored”.

Still-older men have lost their dignity and rattle on unabashedly.Often wives and children play important roles in their fat-inspection rituals. Take my oldest brother, a former college football, for example, his daughter says that several times a day he will stand at attention and call out,”Fat, medium or thin?”She knows the correct answer: medium. Thin would be an obvious stretch, and fat may not get her that new video. According to his wife, he stands in front of the mirror in the morning(before the day’s meals take their toll),puts his hands behind his head and lurches into a side bend, then clutches the roll that has developed and says,”Am I getting fatter?”His wife is expected to answer,”you look like you may have lost a few pounds”.

And then there are the ex-husbands a pitiful group. They are extremely vocal .When I go to the movies with one, he confides that he is suffering from great hunger because he is dieting. He hasn't eaten since the pancakes and sausages he wolfed down that morning. He pauses in his monologue while he buys his popcorn. After the movie, we sprint to a restaurant, where he again pauses to devour a basket of bread. Before he orders his chaste salad and soup, he grows plaintive.

Do I think he’s fat?

16 Men of a certain age are always ready to talk about their fat problem.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

17 Women of a certain age do not discuss the fat problem, especially in the presence of men.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

18 Men usually begin to worry about their weight when they are nearly 40.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

19 The journalist used to drink Diet Coke and tuck his shirts in order to keep trim.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

20 Men older than the journalist never hesitate to talk about their fat problem yet would be

displeased if their family members tell them the truth.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

21 My oldest brother's daughter would not tell her father he is fat because she loves him so

much that she cannot bear to upset him.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

22 The ex-husbands are pitiful because they have got no wives to sympathize with their fat

problem.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择

4

How to Get along Well with Your Boss

1 Before you argue with your boss, check with the boss's secretary to determine his mood. If he ate nails for breakfast, it is not a good idea to ask him for something. Even without the boss ’s secretary, there are key to timing don't approach the boss when he ’s on deadline, don't go in right before lunch, when he is apt to be distracted and rushed, don't go in just before or after he has taken a vacation.

2 If you're mad, that will only make your boss mad. Calm down first. And don't let a particular concern open the floodgates for all your accumulated frustration. The boss will feel that you think negatively about the company and it is hopeless trying to change your mind. Then maybe he will

dismiss you.

3 Terrible disputes can result when neither the employer nor the employee knows what is the problem the other wants to discuss. Sometimes the fight will go away when the issues are made

clear. The employee has to get his point across clearly in order to make the boss understand it.

4 Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more. If you can't put forward an immediate solution ,at least suggest how to approach the problem. People who frequently present

problems without solutions to their bosses may soon find they can't get past the secretary.

5 To deal effectively with a boss, it's important to consider his goals and pressures. If you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss ,then he will be naturally more inclined to work with you to achieve your goals. 23 Paragraph 2

24 Paragraph 3

25 Paragraph 4

26 Paragraph 5

A Keep Your V oice Low All the Time

B Put Yourself in the Boss's Position

C Propose Your Solution

D Don't Go in When You Are Angry

EMake the Issue Clear

F Never Give In

27 If you want to ask the boss for anything, it is important to find out first

28 It is necessary to make clear to the boss 29 It is not wise to present the boss with a problem 30 You must be considerate and think of the troubles

第四部分：阅读理解 (第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文

回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择

1

第一篇

“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning

In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, an European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food. Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.

After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus, when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer. “Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced too smoking o r drinking by study volunteers,” Dal Maso says. The discouraging news his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn’t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.

For their new analysis, the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day. Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.

People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk the high-intake, with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake

A to give the boss your advice

B how he is feeling

C the boss may have

D what you really want to talk to him about

E without suggesting a way to solve it

F how unhappy you are

consumers who drank with meals.

“Alcohol can inflame tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer.” Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol.

31. Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with people

A. who drink alcohol outside of meals.

B. who drink alcohol at meals.

C. who never drink alcohol at meals.

D. who drink alcohol at bars and pubs.

32. Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about “drinking with meals”?

A. It has a lower risk of cancer than drinking without food.

B. It may also be a cause of cancer.

C. It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.

D. It does not eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.

33. Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day?

A. 3 drinks.

B. 8 drinks.

C. 20 drinks.

D. 56 drinks.

34. Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage?

A. Oral cancer.

B. Laryngeal cancer.

C. Pharyngeal cancer.

D. esophageal cancer.

35. According to the last paragraph, tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol

A. explains why inflammation triggers cancer.

B. accounts for why food can coat digestive-tract tissues.

C. is the reason why food can scrub alcohol off tissues.

D. reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.

第二篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety

In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the University of Chicago Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn: If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.

"If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement, " said Levine. In other words, girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are, then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.

Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone. Researchers use the word "anxiety" to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness or worry.

The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math, that feeling can influence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls, 52 boys and 17 first- grade and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year, and the researchers compared the scores.

The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers: To find out which teachers were anxious about math, the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math, such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt, for example, was probably anxious about math.

Boys, on average, were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average, girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did. Plus, on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy, 20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.

“This is an interesting study, but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample, ”said David Geary, a psych ologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia.

36. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago, according to the first paragraph?

A Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.

B Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math.

C Female teachers' math skills have influence over girl students' math skills.

D Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.

37. What is implied in the third paragraph ?

A Math teachers, like math learners, do not like the subject due to its difficulty.

B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.

C Teachers are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math.

D Math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it.

38. According to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt

A nervous memorizing the numbers of a sales receipt.

B helpless saving the, numbers of a sales receipt.

C uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.

D hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report.

39 . The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings

A prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students'

math achievements.

B show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than female

students.

C provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females.

D discover a strong link between teachers' math anxiety and their students' math achievements.

40. David Geary thinks that

A the study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research process.

B the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.

C the research results need to be reinterpreted to be meaningful.

D the study is well based and produces significant results.

Electronic Mail(E-mail)

During the past few years, scientists the world over have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding—writing, any kind of writing, but particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronic mail's surprisingly high speed, convenience and economy, people who never before touched the stuff are regularly, skillfully,

even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence.

Electronic networks, woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant countries, shared data, bulletin boards and electronic journals. Anyone with a personal computer, a modern and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day, most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes

known collectively as the Internet, or net.

E-mail is starting to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight mail, and of course, land mail. It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators, in part because it is conveniently asynchronous (writers can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will

be waiting). If it is not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication.

Jeremy Bernstei, the physicist and science writer, once called E-mail the physicist's umbilical cord. Lately other people, too, have been discovering its connective virtues. Physicists are using it; college students are using it, everybody is using it, and as a sign that it has come of age, the New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon—an appreciative dog seated at a keyboard, saying happily, “On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog.”

41. The reasons given below about the popularity of E-mail can be found in the passage EXCEPT .

A direct and reliable

B time-saving in delivery

C money-saving

D available at any time

42. How is the Internet or net explained in the passage?

A Electronic routes used to read home and international journals.

B Electronic routes used to fax or correspond overnight.

C Electronic routes waiting for correspondence while one is sleeping.

D Electronic routes connected among millions of users, home and abroad.

43. What does the sentence”If it is not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating

communication” most probably mean?

A The quick speed of correspondence may have ill-effects on discoveries.

B Although it does not speed up correspondence, it helps make discoveries.

C It quickens mutual communication even if it does not accelerate discoveries.

D It shrinks time for communication and accelerates discoveries.

44. What does the sentence “On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog.”imply in the last

paragraph?

A Even dogs are interested in the computer.

B E-mail has become very popular.

C Dogs are liberated from their usual duties.

D E-mail deprives dogs of their owners’love.

45. What will happen to fax, land mail, overnight mail, etc. according to the writer?

A Their functions cannot be replaced by E-mail.

B They will co-exist with E-mail for a long time.

C Less and less people will use them.

D They will play a supplementary function to E-mail.

第五部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Mobile Phones

Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said. “Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more scientific information,”Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level

radiation. 46

A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by

2,000 a day.47

As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density residential areas. 48 The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already

produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.

Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centers, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. 49He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.

50 According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health

effects.

A He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at rate more than

three times that of adults.

B By the year 2004,it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one

for every two people.

C “If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper

shields can be devised,” he said.

D Then who finances the research?

E For example, Telstra, Optus and V odaphone build their towers where it is geographically

suitable to them and disregard the need of the community.

F The conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit.

第六部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1

Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities

A new examination of urban policies has been 51 recently by Patricia Romero Lankao. She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 52 development. She warns that many of the world's fast-growing urban areas, especially in developing countries, will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate. Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to 53 emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 54 . These gases are known to affect atmosphere.”Climate c hanges a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world，”says Romero Lankao. “But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 55 their residents.”

Cities are 56 sources of greenhouse gases. And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao's findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 57 .

The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential 58 associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat 59 paved cities more than surrounding areas. The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment. For example, a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution, causing widespread health problems. Poorer neighborhoods that may 60 basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads, are especially vulnerable to natural disasters. Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 61 access to reliable drinking water, roads and basic services.

Local governments, 62 , should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately, they tend to move towards rhetoric 63 meaningful responses,”Romero Lankao writes.”They don't impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce 64

use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands-off approach.”Thus, she urges them to change their 65 policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.

51. A carry along B carried away C carried out D carried back

52. A economic B industrial C rural D urban

53. A reduce B increase C study D measure

54. A crops B gases C fruits D plants

55. A educate B evaluate C protect D identify

56. A doubtful B possible C repeatable D major

57. A uses B chances C cures D benefits

58. A threats B interests C functions D differences

59. A locally B heavily C suddenly D mildly

60. A provide B improve C lack D update

61. A without B with C in D on

62. A moreover B therefore C however D though

63. A other than B more than C less than D rather than

64. A train B automobile C bus D bike

65. A idle B smart C busy D secure