高中英语定语从句知识点大全

一、什么叫定语从句，它有哪些类型?在主从复合句中作定语的从句称为定语从句。

从句和非限制性定语从句。

①She is the girl who/ that sings best of all.

她是歌唱得最好的那个女孩。

②Tom's father, who is over sixty , still works hard day and night.

汤姆的父亲已年过花甲,仍然日夜努力地工作。

例①为限制性定语从句，例②为非限制性定语从句。

二、什么是定语从句中的先行词?

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，有时先行词可以是一个句子。

The river that flows through the village is very helpful to them.

流过村庄的小河对他们有很大的帮助。即场方功我

She is the only one of the girls who studies hard.

她是惟--一个学习刻苦的女孩。

He looks pale,which suggests that he is in poor health.

他看上去脸色苍白,这表明他身体不健康。

三、什么是定语从句中的关系代词?它们有何用法?

引导定语从句并在定语从句中起代词作用的词称为关系代词。

指人的关系代词有: who,whom, whose,that

指物的关系代词有:which,that,whose

指事的关系代词有:which, that,as

In this earthquake ,the number of people who lost homes reached as 250 , 000.

在这次地震中死亡的人数多达250,000。

You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.

Here is the girl(who/whom)we have been looking for.

Do you know the man who/that is standing by the window?

你认识那个正站在窗边的人吗?

The river which runs through the centre of the city bring

us lots of pleasures. ( which 指物)

All that he lacks is practice.他所缺乏的是实践。(that 指物)

The book whose cover( the cover of which)is red is an English grammar book. (whose 指物)

封面是红色的书是一本英语语法书。

Your disease is not the case( that)it used to be. (that指事)

你的病情已经不是过去的情况了。

The operation was not performed, which may be the cause of her death. (指事)

手术没做,这可能是她死亡的原因。

As we all know，English is not easy to learn.

或者English,as we all know,is not easy to learn,

正如我们所知，学英语不容易。(指代学英语这件事不容易)

四、什么是定语从句中的关系副词?它们有哪些用法?

引导定语从句并在定语从句中起副词作用的词称为关系副词。

指时间:when

指地点:where

指原因:why

指方式:that

There used to be a time when(at which/ during which)the Chinese people struggled fo r freedom.

中国人曾有过一段为自由而斗争的日子。

This is the office where(in which)I used to work.这就是我过去工作过的办公室。I'd like you to explain the reason why (for which) you were absent.

我想让你解释一下没来的原因。

I don't like the way that(in which) you laugh at her.我不喜欢你嘲笑她的行为。(在口语中可以用that 代替关系副词。此时先行词常常是

the way ,the place, the reason, the time)

五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有何区别?

限制性定语从句，用来修饰和限定先行词，与先行词间的关系非常密切,它所修饰的先行词代表一个(些)或一类特写的人或物，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果去掉，则意思含混不清。

eg:This is the place where the Anti-Japanese War broke out.

这就是抗日战争爆发的地方。

非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用。它与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句的关系那么紧密,只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间,其前后都需要用逗号隔开。

This is a new hospital, which was built just a few months.

这是一所新医院，它建成刚刚几个月。

Galileo, who made the first telescope ,died in 1642.

六、常见的特殊定语从句有哪些?

定语从句在实际运用中,灵活多变,结构复杂，常见的特殊定语从句有:①分隔式定语从句;②混杂式定语从句;③多重定语从句;④省略式定语从句。

1、分隔式定语从句，就是为了某种特殊的需要，与先行词分离的定语从句。

I have a picture by a famous painter which was sent tome for my birthday.

我有一幅出自名家手笔的画，那是别人送我的生日礼物。

The days are gone when we lived together, worked together and played together.

我们一起居住、生活和玩耍的日子一去不复返了。

2、混杂式定语从句

有时定语从句的关系词与其后的词之间会插入如

I think,I believe,I guess,I expect,I am sure或they say等句式,使定语从句更加复杂，我们称这种定语从句为混杂式定语从句。

James is the only one who we expect will win.

詹姆士是我们认为惟一能胜的人。

特别注意:在下面的句子中,the police thought不能认为是插人语，而应把whom the police thought to be dead看作一个完整的定语从句。

The man whom the police thought to be dead appeared in the park last night.

警方以为已经死了的那个人昨天晚上在公园里出现了。

3、多重定语从句

同一个先行词有两个或多个定语从句修饰，这样就构成了多重性定语从句。这时引导定语从句的关系词般不能省略。

I'll never forget the moment when I first met Mary and

which makes me always feel happy.

我永远忘不了我和玛丽第一次见面的那刻，那使我永远感到幸福的时刻。

4、省略式定语从句

有些定语从句，在不引起歧义的情况下，也可以省略些成分，变为“介词十关系代词十不定式"形式，从而使语句更加明快。

I have saved a sum of money with which to buy a new computer for myself.

(=I have saved a sum of money with which I'd 1ike to

buy a new computer for myself. )

我已经攒了一笔钱，可以用这些钱为自己买一台新电脑。

注意:省略式定语从句仅限用于主句的主语与不定式的逻辑主语相致的情况。

I was trying to find a place in which my brother could live.

我正在找一个我弟弟可以住的地方。

如果改为:I was trying to find a place in which to live.

意思则变为:我在找一个我可以住的地方。

七、定语从句可否用分词短语来表达同样的意思?

可以直接转化为ing或ed形式，只需去掉定语从句中的

who/ which is/ was are/ were即可。

同The girl( who is) dancing now just returned from Taiwan.

正在跳舞的姑娘刚从台湾回来。

I love the stories( which were) written by Hemingway,我喜欢海明威写的小说。

八、that引导的定语从句与同位语从句有哪些区别?

有三点不同，现分述如下:

1、所表达的内容不同

定语从句和同位语从句都是用以修饰说明名词的。但定语从句用来说明名词的性质、特征、来源等;同位语从句则是用以说明名词的具体内容:

The fact that he presented was a strong proof.0他所提供的事实是一个强有力的证据。

(that引导的定语从句,说明名词的来源。

The fact that she hadn't said anything surprised us all她任何事情也没说这事实使我们每一个人都很惊讶。(同位语从句，说明名词的具体内容。)

2、引导词在句中所起的语法作用不同

引导定语从句的that为关系代词，它起连接主句和从句的作用，代表先行词并在从句中充当句子成分。

引导同位语从句的that 是连词，只起连接主从句的作用，不充当任何成分。He heard the news that his team had won.

他听到了他的队已经赢了的消息。(同位语从句that/从属连词，在从句中不作成分。)

The news( that = which) we heard spread all over the country,

我们所听到的消息传遍了整个国家。

(定语从句,that为关系代词，在从句中作宾语)

3、判断是定语从句和同位语从句的方法不同

凡是同位语从句，皆可改为：The fact/ news/idea/order//thought is/ was that..结构形式，而定语从句则不可。The news that our team won the game exited us all. 我们队赢了的消息使我们每个人都很激动。

(本句可以改为The news was that our team won the故that引导的为同位语从句。)

九、when,where,why引导的定语从句与同位语从区别是什么? when.where,why引导定语从句，它们分别指前面先行相所表示的时间、地点、原因，否则为同位语从句。

I will forever cherish the time when 1 won the prize in the National Math Competition. 我将永远珍惜我在全国数学竞赛中获奖的那一刻。(定语从旬)

I have no idea when he won the prize in the National Match Competition.

我不知道他是什么时候在国家数学竞赛中获奖的。(同位语从句)

The question where we should go has not been discussed.

我们应当去哪里的问题还没有讨论。(同位语从

句)Do you know the reason why he was late?

你知道他为什么迟到了吗? (定语从句)

十、定语从句中需要注意哪些事项呢?

1、主谓一致问题

当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词应一致。如: Mr.Smith,who is now downstairs,is asking to see you.

史密斯先生要见你，他现在正在楼下。

The Smiths, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you.

史密斯夫妇要见你，他们正在楼下。

Jeff is one of the students who were awarded.

杰夫是当时受奖的学生之

Jeff is the only one of the students who was awarded.杰夫是这些学生中唯一一个获奖的。

2、what与how不可以引导定语从句

what本身是“复合关系代词”。等同于”先行词+关系代(词which/ha)”,因此what只能引导名词性从句，而不能引导定语从句。

Tell me what is happening.

=Tell me something that is happening.

告诉我正发生什么事。

how为“复合关系副词”，本身等同于the way in which等。因此，不能用how引

导定语从句，修饰先行词。This is how1 worked out this problem.

This is the way (that/in which)I worked out this problem.这就是我解出这道题的方法。

3、as引导的定语从句

关系代词as是.种特殊的连接词，,它还可以引导定语从句，as既可以作关系代词，又可以作关系期词，一般写such或the same连用，即such.. as(像.样).the same...as( .....样).。

He is not such a fool as he looks.

他看上去有点傻，其实并不傻。

We do the same work as they(do).

我们和他们干同样的活。

He is not the same man as he was.

他跟从前不一样了。

a也可以单独引导定语从句，修饰句子。它在定语从句中作主语、宾语。这种定语从句的位置比较自由，可放在句首,也可插在句中或位于句尾。

As is mentioned above ,matter takes up space.

如上所述,物质占有空间。

The work,as you know,is very difficult.

正如你所知道的,这项工作很困难。

Matter exists in three states, as has been explained clearly in the first chapter.

第一章已解释得很清楚,物质有三种形态。

注意:the same... as/that... ,such... as/ that的用法辨析。

as引导的定语从句往往侧重方式，“如.....样的”。that引导的定语从句往往侧重指同一对象或人。I bought the same dictionary as you borrowed.我买了一本和你借的词典一样的词典。

I met the same person that I saw yesterday.

我遇见了我昨天看见的那一个人。

比较下面两句:

(This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.

这跟我昨天丢的包一样。

This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.

(这正是我咋天丢的包。

在such... as/that...句型中,as引导定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语等。that 引导

结果状语从句。

They had such a fierce dog as I had never seen.他们家有一.条我从未见过的凶狗。(as 在从句中作seen的宾语)

They had such a fierce dog that no one dare to go near their house,

他们家有条凶狗，没人敢靠近他家。(that在句中不作成分)

4、from which与from where的用法辨析

from which和from where都可以引导定语从句,它们在意义上略有不同。

Soon after getting off his horse，the captain appeared at

the second storey windows.from where he could see nothing but trees.

下马不久，上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。他从那里除了树木什么也没看到。

(定语从句相当于....n. from at the windows...不可变为from which...直接用where 不如用from where更具体。)

We went up to the roof ,from where we had a good view of the procession.

我们爬到屋顶，在那儿我们可以好好观看整个行进队伍。

(定语从句可理解为and from on the top of the roof或from on the top of which。用from which是不对的，直接用where仍显不具体，不形象。)

China is the birth place of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea，Thailand and India.

中国是风筝的故乡,风筝从那里传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。

(这里from正与下文的spread to构成一个整体,可理解为from near/around this place, 如若把from where 换为where显然是讲不通的，改成from which,能够讲得通,但不太符合英语习惯。)

5、关系代词that与which在引导定语从句时的辨析

that和which在定语从句中都可作主语或宾语，指物。作宾语时,均可省略。在通常情况下，可互换使用。但有时that和which却不宜随便互换。

(1)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something. anything,little,much等不定代词时，只能用that引导定语从句。All that should be done has been done.

该做的都做了。

There is not much that ought to be done right now.现在没有多少应该做的事情。

I did nothing that might hurt you.

我没有做一点可能伤害你的事。

(2)当先行词是“to be"后面的表语，或者关系代词本身在从句中作表语时，只能用that。

The school is quite different from the one that it used to be.

这所学校已和原来的迥然不同了。

He is not the man that he was.

他不是过去的他了。

(3)当先行词被all, every, no, some little,much等词修饰时只用that,不用which。

I'll read all the books that were bought for me.

(4)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只用that不用which。

The first English film( that) I saw was the Sound of Music.

我看的第部英语电影是“ 音乐之声”。

This is the best novel(that) I have ever read.

这是我所读过的最好的部小说。

(5)先行词被the only, the very the same the last等词修饰时只用that不用which。

This is the very book(that) I want to borrow.

这正是我想借的书。

(6)当先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that。

They talked about the teachers and the schools(that)they had visited.

他们谈论他们参观过的学校和拜访过的老师们。

(7)主旬是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句时，宜用hat不用which。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?站在大门口的那个人是谁?

Which is the book( that)you have just borrowed from the library?

哪本书是你刚从图书馆借来的?

(8)当主句以here,there 开头时，宜用that不宜用which。

Here is the hotel that you 've been looking for.这就是你一直在找的旅馆。

There is a seat in the corner that is still not taken.在角上还有一个没占的位子。

(9)在非限制性定语从句中，只用which不用that,

Football,which is a very interesting game,is played allover the world.

足球是很有趣的运动项目,现在全世界都在踢。

(10)在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时，只用which不用that。

I'm looking for a container in which I can put all these peaches.

=I'm looking for a container which/that I can put all these peaches in.

我想找一个能放这些桃子的容器。

注意:象talk about, take care of, go in for, run for等固定的短语介词时，介词不能提到关系代词前。

如:Here is the car that I told you about.

这儿就是我和你谈过的那辆汽车。

总之that,which引导定语从句的用法异同如下:That,which可否换，

下列情况要照办;

that情况比较多，

不妨对你说一说;

不定代词作先行词，

全用that准没错;

先行词前被限制，

千万不要用which,

要用which别着急，

介词提前逗(号)隔离。

6、当先行词为persons. people, those等时关系代词多

用who。

Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.

好争吵者遭轻视。

7、指人的先行词是he, they, any, alone等时关系代词多用who。

All who heard the story were amazed.

听到这个故事的人都感到吃惊。

8、him,them等作先行词时后引导非限制性定语从句时多用who。

I will pardon him, who is honest.

我愿意宽恕他,他是诚实的。k

9、在强调句型中先行词为人称代词，多用who引导定语从句。

如:I think it is you who should prove to me.

我认为是你应该向我提出保证。

10、关系代词than,but也可以引导定语从句,在从句中作主语。

如: You spent more money than was intended to be spent.

你花的钱超过了预定的数额。

(than关系代词在从句中作主语,其先行词是money)There are very few but admire his talents.

很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。

(关系代词but在从句中用作主语,其先行词是few ,but= who don't)