【推荐】2020年中考英语复习:简单句(基础讲解)

【推荐】2020年中考英语复习:简单句(基础讲解)
【推荐】2020年中考英语复习:简单句(基础讲解)

简单句的句型及种类

【真题再现】

1. __________ delicious these beef noodles are! (2014 临沂)

A. What

B. How

C. What a

D. How a

2. I don't think she will agree with us, ? (2014 安顺)

A. will she

B. won't she

C. don't you

D. do you

3. — ______ sweet music!(2014 咸宁)

— And I really like the Voice of China TV programs.

A. What

B. What a

C. How

D. How a

4. —What are the rules at your school? (2014 黄冈)

—Don’t run in the hallways and ______ arrive late for class.

A. not to

B. won’t

C. don’t

D. no

5. ________ weather it is today! (2014 十堰)

A. What hot

B. How hot

C. What a hot

D. How a hot

6. _______ wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep. (2014 重庆)

A. Don't

B. Doesn't

C. Aren't

D. Can't

7. _________ role she played in the movie! That's why she has a lot of fans. (2014 苏州)

A. How interesting

B. How an interesting

C. What interesting

D. What an interesting

8. We have to finish the work now, __________? (2015 呼和浩特)

A. don’t we

B. haven’t we

C. have we

D. do we

9. Look! _________ sweet smile the little girl has!(2015 青海)

A. How

B. What a

C. What

10. ________ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in.(2015 河南)

A. Be

B. Being

C. To be

D. Been

11. on the grass, or it will “cry”. (2015 陕西)

A. To walk

B. Not to walk

C. Walk

D. Don’t walk

12. Please __________ your exam papers once again before handing them in. (2015 上海)

A. going over

B. went over

C. go over

D. to go over

【答案与解析】

1. B。本句句意为:多么美味的牛肉面!感叹句的结构是:What + (a/an)+adj.+ n.+主语+谓语+(it is);How + adj./ (adv.)+主语+谓语+ (it is)。

2. A。本句意为:我认为她不会同意我们的,不是吗?反意疑问句中,当陈述部分含有宾语从句,且主句的谓语动词是think, believe, expect, suppose等时,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应。I don't think...是否定前置,所以简短问句部分用肯定结构,故答案为A。

3. A。本句意为:——多美妙的音乐啊!——我真的很喜欢《中国好声音》这个节目。因为music是不可数名词,故前面不能用a表示,how + adj./adv.+主语+谓语+(it is);而what + (a / an) + adj.+ n.故本题答案选A。

4. C。句意:――你们学校的校规是什么?――不要在走廊里跑,上课不能迟到。答语中是两个并列的祈使句,祈使句是以动词原形开头,否定形式是在其前面加don’t。根据句意和否定祈使句的结构,可知应该选择C项。

5. A。本题考查由what与how引导的感叹句的区别:这两个句型的基本格式为:How + adj./adv. +主语+谓语+其他部分!What + a/an + adj. + n. +主语+谓语+其他部分!或What + adj. + n. (复数名词或不可数名词) +主语+谓语+其他部分!故答案选A。

6. A。句意:不要叫醒你的妹妹,Ben. 她需要好好睡一觉。祈使句以动词原形开头,其否定形式为:Don't+动词原形,故答案为A项。

7. D。句意:她在这部电影中扮演的角色真有趣!那就是她有许多影迷的原因。感叹句的构成有两种:“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”和“What (+a/an)+形容词+名词+主

语+谓语!”,句中role为可数名词,根据以上提到的结构,应选D项。

8. A。句意为:我们现在必须完成工作,不是吗?反意疑问句遵守“前肯后否,前否后

肯”原则;陈述部分的谓语动词是“have to”,为肯定句,故反问句部分用否定形式,故用don’t,故选A。

9. B。感叹句的基本结构有三种:“What a/an + adj. +可数名词单数+其他!”,“What + adj.

+不可数名词/可数名词复数+其他!”,“How + adj./adv. +其他!”。句意为:瞧!这个小女孩笑得多甜啊! 空格处修饰可数名词单数smile,应用what a来引导。故选B。

10. A。句意:善良而且乐于帮助我们周围的人,我们将会让世界变得更美好。“祈使句

+and+简单句”是一个常用句型。这里的祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句,后面的简单句相当于主句。祈使句通常以动词原形开头,故选A。

11. D。句意:不要践踏草坪,否则它将哭泣。祈使句以动词原形开头,否定形式在动词

原形前加don’t。“祈使句+or+陈述句”,表示“……,否则,……”。根据句意,可知选D。

12. C。句意:请在上交考试卷之前,再次检查你的试卷。祈使句一般用动词原形开头,

如果你的语气比较客气,或者出于礼貌,可以在动词原形前面加上please。go over检查。结合句意,可知是比较有礼貌的提醒,故答案为C项。

【用法讲解】

考试要求:

简单句的五种基本句型及There be句型是英语学习的基础和重点,也是中考试卷的重点,在书面表达、句子改写和翻译句子中都经常考查有关句子的知识;感叹句、疑问句、祈使句更是单项选择和句型转换的重点。

1.简单句的句型

简单句就是句子只有一个主语和谓语,有五种基本句型:

(1)主语+谓语:

这种句型称为主谓结构(S+V),其谓语一般是不及物动词。例如:

The rain stopped. 雨停了。

Things have changed now. 现在事情发生了变化。

(2)主语+连系动词+表语:

这种句型称为主系表结构(S+L+P),连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词,表语一般是名词或者形容词。例如:

His father is a teacher. 他的爸爸是老师。(表语是名词)

Your mother is very young. 你的妈妈很年轻。(表语是形容词)

(3)主语+谓语+宾语:

这种句型称为主谓宾结构(S+V+O),其谓语动词是及物动词,宾语一般是直接宾语。例如:They often speak English at the meeting. 他们在会上经常说英语。

The house caught fire. 房子着火了。

(4)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语:

这种句型称为主谓宾宾结构(S+V+O+O),其谓语动词必须是可以跟双宾语的动词,两个宾语中表示事物的是直接宾语,另一个表示人的是间接宾语。例如:

My father gave me a pen last night. 昨天晚上我爸爸给我一支钢笔。

I will write you a letter when I get there. 我到那里儿时给你写信。

(5) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语:

这种句型称为主谓宾及宾补结构(S+V+O+C)其谓语动词必须是可以跟复合宾语的及物动词。例如:

I find him very clever. 我发现他很聪明。

Your words make me angry. 你的话让我很生气。

2.句子的种类:

句子按照其用途可以分为四种:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

(1)陈述句:

用来陈述一件事情或者某种事实、观点的句子。陈述句可以分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。

例如:

They often go to school on foot.(肯定句)

他们通常步行去上学。

My father doesn’t watch TV at home after su pper.(否定句)

我爸爸晚饭后在家不看电视。

(2)疑问句:

用来提出疑问的句子。可以分为:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种类型。

1)一般疑问句:

能够用Yes或者No来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。肯定回答用Yes,否定回答用No。

一般疑问句的结构是:Be+主语+表语+……?或者是:助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+……?例如:

-Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗?

-Yes, I am. 是的,我是。

或:-No, I am not. 不,我不是。

—Does your mother go shopping on Sunday? 你妈妈星期天购物吗?

-Yes, she does. 是的,她经常去购物。

或:-No, she doesn’t.不,她不经常去购物。

—Must we go at once? 我们必须立刻走吗?

—Yes, we must. 是的,必须走。

或:—No, we needn’t. 不,没有必要。

注意:

一般疑问句也可用表示肯定或否定的词来回答,如certainly(当然),surely(当然),of course(当然),I think so(我想是的),all right(好吧),certainly not(当然不是), not at all(一点也不), never(从不),sorry(很抱歉),not yet(还没有) I’m afraid not(恐怕不是)等。

2) 特殊疑问句:

用来对句子的某一特殊部分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句一般用降调。其结构是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(+……)?对它的回答不能用Yes或者No,要根据询问的内容具体回答。例如:

-Where were you at that time? 那时你在哪里?

—I was at home. 我在家。

常用的疑问代词有who(谁),whom(谁),whose(谁的),which(哪一个),what(什么);疑问副词有when(何时),where(何地),why(为什么),how(如何)以及“how+形容词”构成的短语。例如:

Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师?(指人,作主语)

Whom did you telephone to just now? 你刚才给谁打电话?(指人,作宾语)

Whose coat is this? 这是谁的大衣?(作定语)

Which child knows the answer? 哪个孩子知道答案?(作定语)

What class are you in? 你在几班?(指物,作定语)

When will you arrive?(提问时间)

Where has he gone?(提问地点)

Why are you late again?(提问原因)

How do you often go to school? (提问方式)

How far is it from your house to your school? (how far 提问距离)

How often does he go to the French club? (how often 提问频率)

3)选择疑问句:

选择疑问句是提供两种或者两种以上的情况,问对方选择哪一种。其结构可以用一般疑问句也可以用特殊疑问句,之间用连词or链接。选择疑问句不能用yes或者no来回答,必须选择其中之一来回答。例如:

—Shall we go there by bus or on foot? 我们乘坐公共汽车去还是步行去?

—We’ll go by bus. 我们乘坐公共汽车去。

—Which do you like better, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡,你更喜欢哪种?

—I like tea better. 我更喜欢茶。

4) 反意疑问句:

也叫附加疑问句,是在陈述句的后面加一个简短问句,对陈述句所说的事实或者观点提出疑问或希望陈述句部分内容得到证实。结构为“肯定陈述句+否定问句+?”或“否定陈述句+肯定问句+?”。例如:

You are coming, aren’t you? 你会来的,是吗?

You can’t swim, can you? 你不会游泳,对吗?

H er brother went to college last year, didn’t he? 她哥哥去年上的大学,是不是?

注意:

①陈述部分的主句带有no, never, nothing, nowhere, hardly, seldom, few, little等否定词或半否

定词时,附加问句用肯定形式。例如:

You hardly speak English, do you? 你几乎不能说英语,对吗?

They have few friends here, do they? 他们在这里几乎没有朋友,对吗?

②There be句型的反意疑问句,其附加问句仍用there。

There will be a party tomorrow, won’t there? 明天有个晚会,是不是?

③陈述部分是一个主从复合句,附加问句一般要和主句一致。但是当陈述部分是“I’m sure…,

I’m afraid…, I (don’t) think / believe… +宾语从句”结构时,附加问句应与从句一致,而且要注意否定转移现象。

He said he was late for class, didn’t he? 他说他上课迟到了,是吗?

I don’t think he is good at math, is he? 我认为他不擅长数学,是不是这样?(否定转移)

④反意疑问句的答语一般要根据事实用yes或no引导的简单问句回答,汉语的翻译有时和

英语不一致。例如:

—She can’t swim, can she? 她不会游泳,对吗?

—Yes, she can. 不,她会。

—You weren’t here yesterday, are you? 你昨天没有在这里,对吗?

—No, I wasn’t. 是,我不在。

(3)祈使句:

祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等语气的句子。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you,但往往省略,谓语一般用动词原形,否定句是用助动词don’t+动词原形+其他。

例如:

Don’t be late next time. 下一次不要迟到。

Open the door, please. 请打开门。

有时候祈使句的后面用附加疑问句加强语气。例如:

Don’t tell it anyone, will you? 不要告诉任何人,好吗?

(4)感叹句:

表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫感叹句。感叹句的末尾用感叹号。句子开头经常用what 或者how。

1)How在感叹句中可以修饰形容词、副词、或整个句子等。

例如:

How beautiful the skirt is! 这条裙子多漂亮呀!

How tall your brother is!你的哥哥多高呀!

How time flies! 时间过得真快呀!

2)what在感叹句可以修饰名词。如果名词是可数名词的单数形式,用what+a/an+(形容词)+名词+主语+谓语!如果是不可数名词或者可数名词的复数形式用What+(形容词)+名词+主语+谓语!

例如:

What a tall boy your brother is! 你哥哥是一个多么高的男孩!

What beautiful pictures they are! 那些图画多美丽呀!

注意:

what和how引导的感叹句有时可以互换,但是要注意词序的变化。例如:

他是多聪明的孩子!

What a clever boy he is! = How clever a boy he is!

= How clever the boy is!

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