新版美国文学史期末考试复习资料课件.doc
I. Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items. (10 x 1 ’=
10’)
1. In American literature, the 18 th century was the age of Enlightenment. ______ was the
dominant.
A. humanism
B. rationalism
C. romanticism
D. evolution
2. The short story “TheLegend of Sleepy Hollow ”is taken from Irving ’w sork named
______.
A. The Leatherstocking Tales
B. The Sketch Book
C. The Autobiography
D. The History of New York
3. Which of the following is not the characteristic of American Romanticism?
A. Rationalism
B. inner self
C. personal feelings
D. individualism
4. The short story “Rip Van Winkle ” reveals the ____ attitude of its author.
A. optimistic
B. pessimistic
C. conservative
D. ironic
5. Stylistically, Henry James ’ fiction is characteriz_e_d_b. y __
A. short, clear sentences
B. abundance of local images
C. ordinary American speech
D. highly refined language
6. Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _____ and Thoreau.
A. Jefferson
B. Emerson
C. Freneau
D. Mark Twain
7. Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence ”?
A. The American Scholar
B. English Traits
C. Oversoul
D. Self-reliance
8. ____ is considered Mark Twain ’s greatest achievement.
A. The Gilded Age
B. Innocent Abroad
C. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
D. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
9. _____ is not among those greatest figures in “Lost Generation ”.
A. Ezra Pound
B. Robert Frost
C. Walt Whitman
D. Hemingway
10. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author ’t osne in writing becomes less
serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more ____.
A. rational
B. humorous
C. optimistic
D. pessimistic
1-5，BBACD 6-10 BADCD
II. Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items. (10 x 1 ’= 10’)
11. ______ is the father of American Literature.
A. Benjamin Franklin
B. Philip Freneau
C. Paine
D. Washington Irving
12. _____ is a fantasy tale about a man who somehow stepped outside the main stream of
life.
1
A. “Rip Van Winkle ”
B. “The Pioneers ”
C. “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow ”
D. “The Fall of the House of Usher ”
13. _____ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.
A. Thoreau
B. Emerson
C. Hawthorne
D. Whitman
14. Which of following is NOT a typical feature of Mark Twain ’s language?
A. vernacular
B. colloquial
C. elegant
D. humorous
15. From Thoreau ’s jail experience, came his famous essay, _____ which states his belief that
no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government.
A. Walden
B. Nature
C. Civil Disobedience
D. Common Sense
16. Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence ”?
A. The American Scholar
B. English Traits
C. Oversoul
D. Self-reliance
17. Most of the poems in Whitman ’s Leaves of Grass sing of t-h m e a s s”and“t hen____ as
well.
A. nature
B. self-reliance
C. self
D. life
18. What did Fitzgerald call the 1920s?
A. The Roaring 20s
B. The Gay 20s
C. The Jazz Age
D. The Lost Generation
19. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author ’t osne in writing becomes less
serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more ____.
A. rational
B. humorous
C. optimistic
D. pessimistic
20. For Melville, as well as for the reader and ____, the narrator, Moby Dick is still a mystery,
an ultimate mystery of the universe.
A. Ahab
B. Stubb
C. Ishmael
D. Starbuck
1-5 D A B C C 6-10 A C C D C
II. Identify Works as Described Below (1’×15 =15’):
1. The novel has a sole black protagonist who tells his own story but whose name in
unknown to us.
a.Native Son
b.Uncle Tom’s Cabin
c.Invisible Man
d. Go Tell It on the
Mountains
2. The main conflict of the play is the protagonist’s false value of fine appearance and
popularity with people and the cruel reality of the society in which money is everything.
a.A Street Car Named Desire
b. The Hairy Ape
c.Long Day ’s Journey into Night
d. Death of Salesman
3. It is an autobiographical play and Edmund in the play is based on the playwright himself.
a. Long Day’s Journey into Night
b. Henderson the Rain King
2
c. The Hairy Ape
d. The Glass Menageries
4. The novel tells of how a black man kills a white woman by accident and how the society is
responsible for the murder.
a.Native Son
b.Uncle Tom’s Cabin
c.Invisible Man
d. Go Tell It on the
Mountains
5. _________ is one of the best works in American literature about the Second World War.
a.A Farewell to Arms
b.The Catcher in the Rye
c.The Red Badge of Courage
d. The Naked and the Dead
6. The novel by Hemingway is the best of its kind about World War I.
a.A Farewell to Arms
b.The Sun Also Rises
c.The Old Man and the Sea
d. The Naked and the Dead
7. The novel is about how a family of farmers cannot survive in Oklahoma and travel to
California to seek a living and how they suffer hunger in California.
a. T he Grapes of Wrath
b. U.S. A.
c.Babbitt
d. The Adventures of Augie March
8. It is a trilogy including The 42nd Parallel , 1919, and The Big Money, with such
techniques as biographies, newsreels and camera eye.
a. B abbitt
b. Light in August
c. U.S.A.
d. The Grapes of Wrath
9. It is a novel which uses the stream of consciousness technique and whose title is taken
from Shakespeare’s Macbeth.
a. Absolom, Absolom!
b. The Sound and the Fury
c.A Farewell to Arms
d. The Great Gatsby
10. It is a naturalistic work about how a country girl is seduced and how she becomes a
famous actress and how her lover falls into a beggar and finally commits suicide.
a.An American Tragedy
b. Sister Carrie
c. McTeague
d.Maggie, A Girl of the Streets
11. The novel is set on the Mississippi with the protagonist telling us the story in the local
dialect. It is a representative work of local colorism.
a. Sister Carrie
b.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
c. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
d.The Portrait of a Lady
12.The novel is a psychological study of a soldier (Henry Fleming) ’s reactions in the Civil
War.
a.An American Tragedy
b. Sister Carrie
c.The Red Badge of Courage
d. McTeague
13. The poem is written in free verse in 52 cantos with the theme of the universality and
equality in value of all people and all things.
a.Cantos
b. The Raven
c. Song of Myself
d.Chicago
3
14. The novel is about how a group of people on a whaling ship kill a great whale but
themselves are killed by the whale, with the conflict between man and his fate.
a.The Octopus
b. Moby-Dick
c. The Rise of Silas Lapham
d. Leaves of Grass
15. It is a philosophical essay in 8 chapters plus an introduction mainly concerned with the
four uses of nature.
a. Walden
b. Nature
c. The Scarlet Letter
d. The American Scholar
1-5.cdaad 6-10.aacbb https://www.360docs.net/doc/9f10465172.html,cbb
I. Choose the Best Answer for Each of the Following (1’×15=15’):
1. An English ship brought 102 people from Plymouth, England on September 16, 1620 and
arrived in the present Provincetown harbor on November 21 in the same year. This ship was named ____________.
a. The Pilgrims
b. Mayflower
c. America
d. Titanic
2._________ is father of American drama and in his dramatic career he wrote 49 plays.
a. Tennessee Williams
b. Eugene O’N eill
c. Arthur Miller
d. Elmer Rice
3._________ was the first American writer to write entirely American literature.
a. Anne Bradstreet
b. Washington Irving
c. Mark Twain
d. Ernest Hemingway
4. _______ was the leader of American transcendentalism.
a. Benjamin Franklin
b. Washington Irving
c. Ralph Waldo Emerson
d. Henry David Thoreau
5._______was the greatest woman poet in American literature and she wrote about 1,700 short
lyric poems in her life time.
a. Pearl S. Buck
b.Harriet Bicher Stowe
c. Emily Dickenson
d. Walter Whitman
6._________ is father of the detective story and of psychoanalytic criticism.
a. Washington Irving
b. Ralph Waldo Emerson
c. Walt Whitman
d. Edgar Allan Poe
7.William Dean Howells is concerned with the middle class life; ______ writes about the
upper class society, and Mark Twain deals with the lower class reality.
a. Stephen Crane
b. Frank Norris
c. Theodore Dreiser
d. Henry James
8. Which of the following is a naturalistic writer?
a. William Dean Howells
b. Mark Twain
c. Ernest Hemingway
d.Theodore Dreiser
9. His writings are characterized by simple, colloquial language and deep thoughts. He is______.
a. Ernest Hemingway
b. William Faulkner
c. F. Scott Fitzgerald
d. Mark Twain
10. He wrote 18 novels all set in Jefferson Town, Yoknapatwapha County in the deep south.
4
He is ______.
a. William Faulkner
b. John Steinbeck
c. Ernest Hemingway
d. Mark Twain
11. ________is Jewish in origin and in many of his novels the American Jews are major
characters.
a. Sinclair Lewis
b. Saul Bellow
c. Norman Mailer
d. Jerome David Salinger
12._________ is often regarded as the greatest American woman poet and she wrote over
1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.
a. Anne Bradstreet
b. Robert Frost
c. H.D.
d. Emily Dickinson
13.________ is father of American drama and won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1936.
a. John Steinbeck
b. William Faulkner
c. Eugene O’N eill
d. Arthur Miller
14. He was the first black American to write a book about black life with great impact on the
consciousness of the nation and his masterpiece is one of the three classics about black
Americans. Who is he?
a. Richard Wright
b. Harriet Beecher Stowe
c. Langston Hughes
d. Ralph Ellison
15. Hemingway wrote about American compatriots in Europe whereas ________ wrote about
the Jazz age, life in American society.
a.William Carlos Williams
b. William Faulkner
c. John Steinbeck
d. F. Scott Fitzgerald 1-5 bbccc 6-10.dddaa 11-15.bdcad
I.Choose the Best Answer for Each of the Following (1 ×15 %):
2. The American Civil War broke out in 1861 between the Northern states and the South
states, which are known respectively as the ______and the______.
a. N, S
b. Revolutionaries, Reactionaries
c. Union, Confederacy
d. Slavery, Anti-Slavery
2._____________was praised by the British as the “T enth Muse in America ”.
a. Anne Bradstreet
b. Edward Taylor
c. Thomas Paine
d. Philip Freneau
3.Mark Twain was a representative of ________ in American literature.
a. transcendentalism
b. naturalism
c. local colorism
d. imagism
4. _______ was the leader of American transcendentalism.
a. Benjamin Franklin
b. Washington Irving
c. Ralph Waldo Emerson
d. Henry David Thoreau
5.The greatest American poet and the first writer of free verse is ____________.
a. Washington Irving
b.Ezra Pound
c. Walt Whitman
d. Emily Dickinson
6._________ is father of the detective story and of psychoanalytic criticism.
a. Washington Irving
b. Ralph Waldo Emerson
5
c. Walt Whitman
d. Edgar Allan Poe
7.Henry James is concerned with the upper class life; ______ writes about the middle class
society, and Mark Twain deals with the lower class reality.
a. Stephen Crane
b. Frank Norris
c. Theodore Dreiser
d. William Dean Howells
8. Which of the following is a naturalistic writer?
a. William Dean Howells
b. Mark Twain
c. Ernest Hemingway
d.Theodore Dreiser
9. ________’s writings are characterized by simple, colloquial language and deep thoughts.
a. Ernest Hemingway
b. William Faulkner
c. F. Scott Fitzgerald
d. Mark Twain
10. ______ wrote 18 novels all set in Jefferson Town, Yoknapatwapha County in the deep
south. .
a. William Faulkner
b. John Steinbeck
c. Ernest Hemingway
d. Mark Twain
11. ________is Jewish in origin and in many of his novels the American Jews are major
characters.
a. Sinclair Lewis
b. Saul Bellow
c. Norman Mailer
d. Jerome David Salinger
12._________ is often regarded as the greatest American woman poet and she wrote over
1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.
a. Anne Bradstreet
b. Robert Frost
c. H.D.
d. Emily Dickinson
13.________ is father of American drama and won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1936.
a. John Steinbeck
b. William Faulkner
c. Eugene O’N eill
d. Arthur Miller
14. _______ was the first black American to write a book about black life with great impact on
the consciousness of the nation and his masterpiece is one of the three classics about black Americans.
b. Richard Wright b. Harriet Beecher Stowe
c. Langston Hughes
d. Ralph Ellison
15. ________ first used the “Jazz age”as the title of a collection of short stories
a. F. Scott Fitzgerald
b. William Faulkner
c. John Steinbeck
d. Ernest Hemingway 1-5.caccc 6-10.dddaa 11-15.bdcba
II. Identify Works as Described Below (1 ×15 %):
6. The play is about a stoker whose identity as a human being is not recognized by his fellow
human beings and who tries to find affinity with a monkey in the zoo and is finally killed
by the animal.
a. The Hairy Ape
b. Henderson the Rain King
c. Long Day ’s Journey into Night
d. The Glass Menageries
7. The protagonist in this play is a crippled girl named Amanda.
a.A Street Car Named Desire
b. The Hairy Ape
c.Long Day ’s Journey into Night
6
d.The Glass Menageries
8. The hero of this novel tells about his own story to us but his name is unknown.
a.Native Son
b.Uncle Tom’s Cabin
c.Invisible Man
d. Go Tell It on the Mountains
4. It is an autobiographical play and Edmund in the play is based on the playwright himself.
a. Long Day’s Journey into Night
b. Henderson the Rain King
c. The Hairy Ape
d. The Glass Menageries
5. The novel tells of how a black man kills a white woman by accident and how he is finally
arrested and tried and sentenced to death.
a.Native Son
b.Uncle Tom’s Cabin
c.Invisible Man
d. Go Tell It on the
Mountains
6. _________ is one of the best works in American literature about the Second World War.
a.A Farewell to Arms
b.The Catcher in the Rye
c.The Red Badge of Courage
d. The Naked and the Dead
6. The novel by Hemingway is the best of its kind about World War I.
a.A Farewell to Arms
b.The Sun Also Rises
c.The Old Man and the Sea
d. The Naked and the Dead
10. The novel is about how a family of farmers cannot survive in Oklahoma and travel to
California to seek a living and how they suffer hunger in California.
b.The Grapes of Wrath b. U.S. A.
c.Babbitt
d. The Adventures of Augie March
11. It is a trilogy including The 42nd Parallel , 1919, and The Big Money, with such
techniques as biographies, newsreels and camera eye.
b. B a bbitt b. Light in August
c. U.S.A.
d. The Grapes of Wrath
12. It is a novel which uses the stream of consciousness technique and whose title is taken
from Shakespeare’s Macbeth.
a. Absolom, Absolom!
b. The Sound and the Fury
c.A Farewell to Arms
d. The Great Gatsby
10. It is a naturalistic work about how a country girl is seduced and elopes with Hurstwood
and how she becomes a famous actress and how her lover falls into beggary and finally
commits suicide.
a.An American Tragedy
b. Sister Carrie
c. McTeague
d.Maggie, A Girl of the
Streets
11. It is a novel with 135 chapters plus an epilog; in it a group of people on a whaling ship kill
a great whale but they themselves are killed by the whale in the end, except Ishmael the
narrator who survives by adhering to a coffin.
b. Sister Carrie b.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
7
c. Moby Dick
d. The Portrait of a Lady
12.The novel is a psychological study of a soldier (Henry Fleming) ’s reactions in the Civil War,
in which wound is called the red badge which symbolizes courage.
a.An American Tragedy
b. Sister Carrie
c.The Red Badge of Courage
d. McTeague
13. The poem is written in free verse in 52 cantos with the theme of the universality and
equality in value of all people and all things.
a.Cantos
b. The Raven
c. Song of Myself
d.Chicago
14. The novel is about how a man falls economically and socially but who rises morally
because he gives up the opportunity to sell his factory to an English Syndicate, which would otherwise mean a ruin to that syndicate.
a.The Octopus
b. The Rise of Silas Lapham
c. Moby-Dick
d. Leaves of Grass
15. It is a speech delivered at Harvard University. It is often hailed as the “d eclaration of
intellectual independence”in America.
a. The American Scholar
b. Nature
c. The Scarlet Letter
d. Walden
1-5.adcad 6-10.aacbb https://www.360docs.net/doc/9f10465172.html,cba
II. Match the following (1 ×20%)
A. Match Works with Their Authors
1.Hugh Selwyn Mauberly
2.Walden
3. Autobiography
4. The Scarlet Letter
5.Leaves of Grass
6.The Raven
7. The Rise of Silas Lapham
8. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
9. Long Day ’s Journey into Night
10. The Old Man and the Sea
a.Mark Twain b . Ernest Hemingway c. Eugene O’N eill d. William Dean Howells e. Edgar Allan Poe f. Walt Whitman
g. Nathaniel Hawthorne h. Benjamin Franklin
i.Henry David Thoreau j. Ezra Pound
8
k.Thomas Jefferson l. T.S. Eliot
B. Match the Characters with the works in which they appear.
1. Hester Prynne
2.Mrs. Touchett
3.Frederick Henry
4.Benjy Compson
5.the Joads
6.General Edward Cummings
7.Holden Caulfield 7.Bigger Thomas
8.Yank 9.Happy
a.The Portrait of a Lady
b. The Scarlet Letter
c. The Hairy Ape
d. A Farewell to Arms
e.The Sound and the Fury
f. The Grapes of Wrath
g. The Naked and the Dead
h. The Catcher in the Rye
i. Native Son
j. Death of a Salesman
k.Invisible Man
l.Catch-22
A. Match Works with Their Authors
1-5.jihgf 6-10.edccb
B. Match the Characters with the works in which they appear.
1-5.badef 6-10.ghicj
III. Match the following (1’×20=20’)
A. Match works with their authors
1.Nature
2.Rip Van Winkle
3. Nature
4. The Scarlet Letter
5.Leaves of Grass
6.The Raven
7. The Rise of Silas Lapham
8. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
9. Cantos
10. The Old Man and the Sea
a.Ezra Pound
b. Ernest Hemingway
c. Mark Twain
d. William Dean Howells
e. Edgar Allan Poe
f. Walt Whitman
9
g. Nathaniel Hawthorne h. Ralph Waldo Emerson
i.Washington Irving j. Waldo Emerson
k.T.S. Eliot l. Robert Frost
B. Match characters with the works in which they appear.
2. Captain Ahab and Starbuck 2.Isabel Archer
3.Frederic Henry and Catherine
4.Benjy Compson
5.the Joads
6.General Edward Cummings
7.Holden Caulfield 8.Bigger Thomas
9.The Tyrones 10.Willy Loman
a.The Portrait of a Lady
b. Moby-Dick
c. Death of a Salesman
d. A Farewell to Arms
e.The Sound and the Fury
f. The Grapes of Wrath
g. The Naked and the Dead h. The Catcher in the Rye
i. Native Son j. Long Day ’s Journey into Night k.Absalom, Absalom l. The Old Man and the Sea
A. Match Works with Their Authors
1-5.jihgf 6-10.edcab
美国文学史期末参考复习资料
仅作参考，最主要还是要自己消化，整理 Chapter 1 Colonial Period 1. Puritanism: American puritans accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. 2. Influence (1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature. (2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden. (3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chi efly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. (4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible. II. Overview of the literature 1. types of writing diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons 2. writers of colonial period (1) Anne Bradstreet (2) Edward Taylor III. Benjamin Franklin 1. life 2. works (1) Poor Richard’s Almanac (2) Autobiography 3. contribution (1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society. (2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”. (3) Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. Chapter 2 American Romanticism Section 1 Early Romantic Period I. American Romanticism 1. Background (1) Political background and economic development (2) Romantic movement in European countries Derivative – foreign influence 2. features (1) American romanticism was in essence the expression of “a real new experience and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien. (2) There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American romantic authors tended more to moralize. Many American romantic writings intended to edify more than they entertained. (3) The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with Am erican Romanticism. (4) As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent. II. Washington Irving: Father of American Literature 1. several names attached to Irving (1) first American writer (2) the messenger sent from the new world to the old world (3) father of American literature 2. life 3. works (1) A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (2) The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this.) (3) The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (4) A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (5) The Alhambra 4. Literary career: two parts (1) 1809~1832
美国文学史及选读试卷 (1)
美国文学史及选读试卷 Ⅰ.Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternatives. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (60points in all, 2 for each) 1. Which of following can be said of the common features which are shared by the English and American Romanticists ? A. An increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions. B. An increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. C. An increasing emphasis on the desire to return to nature. D. both A and B. 2. Which of the following statements about the Romantic period in the history of American literature is NOT true? （） A. In most of the American writings of this period there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. B. The writers of this period placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. C. There was a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man. D. Most heroes and heroines in the writings of this period exhibited extremes of reason and nationality. 3.______ is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the American Romanticism in the history of American literature. A. New England Transcendentalism B. England Transcendentalism C. the Harlem Renaissance D. New Transcendentalism 4.Hawthorn e’s unique gift was for the creation of ______ which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. A. symbolic stories B. romantic stories
美国文学史及选读期末复习
美国文学史复习1（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒： John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. 4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. 美国文学史复习2（reason and revolution) (2009-01-17 15:54:25) 一、美国的性质： The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。 二、代表作家： 1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林 1706-1790 1）"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集
美国文学史复习资料
美国文学史复习（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.
美国文学史及选读期末复习题
1.Captain John Smith became the first American writer. 2.The puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people. is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin. 4.Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”. 5.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston.
has been called the “Father of American Poetry”. 7.In Washington I rving’s appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. 8.Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his William Cullen Bryant’s wok. is considered “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”. 10.Emerson believed above all in
美国文学史及选读复习重点
Captain John Smith (first American writer). Anne Bradstreet；The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America （colonists living） Edward Taylor(the best puritan poet) John Cotton ”the Patriarch of New England” teacher spiritual leader Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Thomas Jefferson： Political Career Thoughts The Declaration of Independence we hold truth to be self-evidence Philip Freneau“Father of American Poetry” The Wild Honey Suckle American Romanticism optimism and hope Nationalism Washington Irving“Father of American Literature short story”The first “Pure Writer” A History of New York The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism! “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Rip Van Winkle James Fenimore Cooper Father of American sea and frontier novels Leather stocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pioneers The Prairie The Pathfinder The Deerslayer Edgar Allan Poe father of detective story and horror fiction Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” “The Fall of the House of Usher”“The Masque of the Red Death”“The
美国文学史及选读期末复习题
1.C aptain John Smith became the first American writer. 2.T he puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people. collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin. 4.T homas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”.
5.T homas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston. has been called the “Father of American Poetry”. 7.I n Washington Irving’s appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.
8.C ooper’s enduring fame rests on his frontier stories, especially the five novels that comprise the is perhaps the peak of William Cullen Bryant’s wok. “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”.
美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记6.
History And Anthology of American Literature （6） 附：作者及作品 一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America 1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》 “A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony” 《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》 “A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country” 《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia” 2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop 《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England” 4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams 《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America” 或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》 Or “A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ” 5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》 ”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” 二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) ※《自传》“ The Autobiography ” 《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac” 2。托马斯·佩因Thomas Paine (1737-1809) ※《美国危机》“The American Crisis” 《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”《常识》“Common Sense” 《人权》“Rights of Man” 《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason” 《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice” 3。托马斯·杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) ※《独立宣言》“The Declaration of I ndependence” 4。菲利浦·弗瑞诺Philip Freneau (1752-1832) ※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle” ※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground” ※《致凯提·迪德》“To a Caty-Did” 《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy” 《夜屋》“The House of Night” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship” 《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War” 《札记》“Miscellaneous Works” 三、浪漫主义文学The Literature of Romanticism 1。华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving (1783-1859) ※《作者自叙》“The Author’s Account of Himself” ※《睡谷传奇》“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《见闻札记》“Sketch Book” 《乔纳森·欧尔德斯泰尔》“Jonathan Oldstyle” 《纽约外史》“A History of New York” 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》“Bracebridge Hall” 《旅行者故事》“Tales of Traveller” 《查理二世》或《快乐君主》“Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch” 《克里斯托弗·哥伦布生平及航海历史》 “A History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus” 《格拉纳达征服编年史》”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada” 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》 ”V oyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus” 《阿尔罕布拉》“Alhambra” 《西班牙征服传说》“Legends of the Conquest of Spain” 《草原游记》“A Tour on the Prairies” 《阿斯托里亚》“Astoria” 《博纳维尔船长历险记》“The Adventures of Captain Bonneville” 《奥立弗·戈尔德史密斯》”Life of Oliver Goldsmith” 《乔治·华盛顿传》“Life of George Washington” 2．詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) ※《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《间谍》“The Spy” 《领航者》“The Pilot” 《美国海军》“U.S. Navy” 《皮袜子故事集》“Leather Stocking Tales” 包括《杀鹿者》、《探路人》”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder” 《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《拓荒者》、《大草原》“The Pioneers”, “The Praire” 3。威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) ※《死之思考》“Thanatopsis” ※《致水鸟》“To a Waterfowl” 4。埃德加·阿伦·坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) ※《给海伦》“To Helen” ※《乌鸦》“The Raven” ※《安娜贝尔·李》“Annabel Lee” ※《鄂榭府崩溃记》“The Fall of the House of Usher” 《金瓶子城的方德先生》“Ms. Found in a Bottle” 《述异集》“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque” 5。拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) ※《论自然》“Nature” ※《论自助》“Self-Reliance” 《美国学者》“The American Scholar” 《神学院致辞》“The Divinity School Address” 《随笔集》“Essays” 《代表》“Representative Men” 《英国人》“English Traits” 《诗集》“Poems” 6。亨利·戴维·梭罗Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) ※《沃尔登我生活的地方我为何生活》 1
美国文学史及选读考试整理
Washington Irving Bracebridge Hall 布雷斯布里奇田庄 (1822) The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Tales of a Traveller 旅客谈 (1824) Christopher Columbus (1828) c. writing characteristics (1) humorous: the function of his writing is to amuse, to entertain instead of teaching or instruction (2) vivid and true character portrayal (3) finished (refined) and musical language, thus regarded as “the Amn. Goldsmith ” d. analysis on The Legend of Sleepy Hollow(选自the sketch book 见闻札记 ) 1. the story:setting,character, plot 2. theme:conflicts and praise conflict betw. Ichabod and Brom conflict betw. the village and the outside world James Fenimore Cooper The Spy (1821): a historical novel The Pilot (1824): a sea novel Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集(1823-1841): frontier novels The Last Mohicans (1826) (Colonial War betw. Britain and France) e. writing features: strong points: we can see a variety of incidents and tensions, complicated plot and structure and a beautiful description of nature. Weak points: characterization is weak. There is unsatisfactory description of characters (esp. female). He is not free from syntactical awkwardness, heavy-handed attempt at humor. “Where Irving excels Cooper is weak.” Dialect is not authentic. Edgar Allan Poe The Fall of the House Usher Feature: i. brevity (15 pages) ii. Single effect iii. originality in theme To Helen It was inspired by the beauty of the mother of a schoolmate of Poe in Richmond, Virginia. The poem is famous for a number of things: 1. its rhyme scheme: ababb 2. its varied line lengths 3. its metaphor of a travel on the sea 4. its oft-quoted lines: "To the glory that was Greece,/And the grandeur that was Rome." theme: praise the ideal love and beauty and ancient Greek and Roman civilizations The Raven 乌鸦 theme: the lament over the death of a beautiful woman tone: melancholy Transcendentalism (essayists, poets, novelists) Their journal is “The Dial ” . Definition: Transcendentalism is idealism. (Emerson) b. features (1) stress on Oversoul, that is spirit. (2) stress the importance of individual. (3) fresh conception of nature. c. significance (1) inspired a whole generation of writers such as Whitman, Melville and Dickinson. (2) dresses man ’s subjective initiative as opposed to materialism. (3) liberated people from Calvin ’s original sin d. limitation (1) shallow: cut off from real life or reality; initiated by the rich, they were limited in a certain circle. So, in some degree, they have been cut off from social life and can ’t understand the sufferings of the common people. (2) inward contradiction: gain knowledge by intuition, shows its idealistic aspect. R.W. Emerson (Ralph Waldo) Nature (1836): the Bible of New England transcendentalism The American Scholar (1837): "America's Declaration of Intellectual The Divinity School Address 神学院致辞 (1838) Essays (1841/1847) Representative Men (1850) English Traits (1856)