高中学生必备资料:高考英语考纲词汇用法详解(下)(英语通用)

高中学生必备资料:高考英语考纲词汇用法详解(下)(英语通用)
高中学生必备资料:高考英语考纲词汇用法详解(下)(英语通用)

高考英语考纲词汇用法详解(下)

M

machine[???????]n. [C]机器,机械:This machine is worked by electricity. 这台机器是电动。/I bought a washing machine. 我买了台洗衣机。

mad[???]adj.疯狂的;狂热的,着迷的:He must be either mad or drunk. 他不是疯了就是醉了。/He was mad at [with] me. 他对我很着迷。

madam[ ?????]n.夫人,女士:This way please, madam. 小姐,请这边走。

【说明】主要用作称呼语,是对妇女(已婚或未婚)的尊称,常用单数形式,复数一般用ladies 代之:Good morning, ladies. 女士们,早上好!

madame[ ?????]n. [C](对妇女的尊称)夫人,女士:Madame Curie居里夫人

【说明】主要用于讲法语或非英语民族的已婚妇女姓名前,其用法相当于Ms或Mrs:Madame Cartier卡蒂埃夫人

magazine[ ?????????]n.[C]杂志:a monthly magazine月刊

mail[???●] n.[U]邮政,邮件,邮递vt.邮寄:He sent the letter to her by mail. 他把信寄给了她。/Please mail the letter for me. 请帮我把这封信寄了。

mailbox[ ???●????] n.[C]信箱:put sth into the mailbox往信箱里放某物

main[????]adj.主要的:Here are the main events in today’s news again. 现在重复一遍今天的新闻要点。

【说明】只用作定语,不用作表语,且没有比较等级。

major[ ??????]adj.较大的,主要的n.[C]少校:(美)(学院或大学的)主修课程,专业vi. 主修(大学里某一科目):He majors in history. 他主修历史。

majority[??????????]n.[C,U]大多数:The majority of doctors believe that smoking is harmful to health. 大多数医生都认为吸烟对身体有害。

【用法】单独用作主语时,谓语可用单数或复数:The majority were [was] on Ben’s side. 大多数人都站在本的一边。但若其后的表语是复数,则谓语通常要用复数:The majority are old people. 大多数是老年人。

make[????] v.(made, made)做,制造;使得;(使)成为:We made him chairman. 我们选他当主席。/He will make a good teacher. 他会成为一位好老师。

【短语】make...into(out of)…使…成为(变成)…/make...of(from)... 由…制成…(多用被动式) /make for往…去;有助于/make it及时赶到;成功,做成/make out理解;看清;填写;假装/make up构成;编写;编造;和解;弥补;化妆;凑足;准备好,做好

【用法】用作使役动词,其后接不定式的复合结构时,不定式不带to:Rain makes plants grow. 雨水使植物生长。但若变为被动语态,不定式必须带to。

man[???] n.(pl.men)男人,人(类):He’s a man of courage. 他是一个勇敢的人。

【用法】1.用在名词前说明该名词的性别时,若其后名词为复数,则man也用复数:men nurses 男护士2.泛指“男人”时,可用man, a man, men等形式:Man[Men] is taller than woman [women]. 男人比女人高。3.表示“人类”时,通常用单数,且不带冠词:Man will con q uer nature. 人类将征服自然(即人定胜天)。

manage[ ??????] v.管理,经营;设法对付:How did you manage to finish it so soon?你怎么这样快就完成了?/I’ll be able to manage without help. 我一个人能行。manager[ ???????] n.[C]经理:He asked to see the manager. 他要求见经理。manner[ ????]n. [C]方法,方式;态度,举止;(用复数)礼貌:Do it in this manner. 照这样做它。/It’s good manners to stand in line. 排队等候是有礼貌的行为。

many[ ????] adj.许多的pron.许多人,许多:I’ve known him for many years. 我认识他有许多年了。/Many of them couldn’t find work. 他们很多人找不到工作。

【短语】a good[great] many许多/as many as与…一样多;多达/how many多少/many a许多

【用法】1.a great [good] many后接复数名词,注意其间不用介词of(与a great number of 不同)。2.many a后接单数名词,但表复数意义,用作主语时,谓语却用单数:Many a boy likes swimming. 许多男孩子喜欢游泳。

map[???] n.[C]地图:You can find it in [on] the map. 你可以在地图上找到它。march[?????] v.& n.前进;进军:Education is on the march. 教育事业正在发展中。March[?????] n.三月:Easter occurs on a Sunday in March or April. 复活节是三月或四月的一个星期天。

mark[????]n.[C]斑点,痕迹;标记,符号;分数v.弄污;标志;打分:He studied hard and got high marks. 他学习努力,因此得了高分。

market[ ??????] n.市场:Her house is on [in] the market. 她的房子要出售。marriage[ ??????]n.[C,U]结婚;婚姻,婚姻生活:My marriage with Mary is a happy one. 我与玛丽的婚姻生活很幸福。

marry[ ????] v.嫁,娶,结婚:Is he married?他结婚了吗?

【用法】要表示与某人结婚,可直接说marry sb,不要说marry with[to] sb。但在be[get] married to sb中用介词to (仍不能用with),该结构中的married为形容词。

Marxism[ ?????????] n.[U]马克思主义:the classics of Marxism-Leninism马列主义经典著作

mass[???] n.[C]团,块;众多,大量:There were masses of dark clouds in the sky. 天空布满团团乌云。/I have a mass [masses] of work to do. 我有大量工作要做。master[ ??????] n.[C]主人,男老师vt.精通,掌握:It takes years to master a new language. 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。

match[????] n.[C]比赛,火柴v.和…匹敌,相配:I want a tie that will match with this suit. 我想买条领带来配我这套衣服。

material[?????????●]n.[C,U]材料,原料;布料;资料,素材:Plastic is a widely used material. 塑料是一种被广泛使用的材料。

mathematics[ ???????????]/ math(s)[??????] n.[U]数学:Everyone in the class passed the maths exam. 数学考试班上人人都及格了。

matter[ ????]n.[U]物质 [C]事情,问题 (用单数)麻烦,毛病vi.重要,要紧:It doesn’t matter. 没关系。/What’s the matter with it?它怎么了?

【用法】no matter(无论,不管)为常用结构,后接疑问词:No matter what you say, I won’t believe you. 不管你说什么,我都不会相信你。

may[???]v. aux.(might)可以,也许,可能:He may say so. 他也许会这样说。/He may have said so. 他也许这样说过。

【短语】may as well do sth还是做某事为好

【用法】1.若没有特定的上下文,类似He may not go out这样的句子会有歧义:若may表示推测,则此句意为“他可能不会出去”;若may表示允许,则此句表示“他不可以出去”。即若may表推测,may not=可能不;若may表允许,may not=不可以。2.对过去情况进行推测时,应在其后接动词完成式。

May[???] n.五月:the May 4 Movement五四运动

maybe[ ?????]adv.或许,大概:Maybe he is right. 也许他是对的。

【辨析】maybe与may be:maybe是副词;may be是情态动词may加动词be:Maybe it is true.= It may be true. 这可能是真的。

me[?????] pron.我(宾格):Me too. 我也一样(用于肯定的情形) /Me neither. 我也一样(用于否定的情形)。

meal[???●] n.[C]一餐(饭):We have three meals every day. 我们每天吃三餐。mean[????] v.(meant, meant)想要,意味着:He means to be a teacher. 他打算当老师。/This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。

【短语】be meant to do sth必须或应该做某事/be meant for为某一目的而安排,适合于做某事

【用法】后接不定式表示打算做某事;后接动名词表示意味着做某事。

meaning[ ??????]n.[C,U]含义,意义:One word can have several meanings. 一个词可以有几个意思。

meanwhile[ ???????●]adv.同时,此间:The train won’t leave for an hour. Meanwhile we can have lunch. 火车还有一个小时才开,其间我们可以吃中饭。

measure[ ????] n.[C,U]度量,尺寸,措施v.量,测量:An hour is a measure of time. 小时是时间单位。/ Q uick measures were needed. 需要迅速采取措施。

meat[????] n.[U](食用肉)肉:I am not fond of eating meat. 我不喜欢吃肉。medical[ ????? ●] adj.医学的,医疗的,医术的:The doctor gave him a medical examination. 医生给他作了体格检查。

medicine[ ??????] n. [C,U]药,医学,内科学:Don’t take too much medicine. 不要吃太多的药。/This is a good medicine for a cough. 这是治疗咳嗽的良药。

meet[????]v.(met, met)碰到;相识,被(首次)介绍;会合;遭到;满足n.[C]集会;运动会:Will you meet her at the station?你到车站去接她吗?

【短语】meet up (偶然)碰见;(约好)见面,会合/meet with (偶然)碰到,遭到;与…会面

meeting[ ??????] n.[C]会,集会;会合:We’ll have a meeting. 我们要开个会。member[ ?????] n.[C]成员,会员:Interested members will meet at two. 感兴趣的会员两点钟碰头。

memory[ ??????] n. [C,U]记忆力,存贮器,回忆:He spoke from memory. 他仅凭记忆说。/He has a good (bad) memory for dates. 他对日期记忆力很好(差)。

【短语】in memory of纪念

mend[????] v.修理,修补:I need my coat mended. 我的上衣需要补一补。

mental[ ????●] adj.精神的;脑力的:mental patients精神病患者

mention[ ??????] v.提到,说起:He mentioned seeing her often. 他提到过经常见到她。/He never mentioned his girl friend to me. 他从未给我提及他的女朋友。

【用法】1.其后不能接双宾语,若要表示向某人提到某事,应用mention sth to sb。2.后接动词要用动名词,习惯上不用不定式。3.Don’t mention it是习语,可用于回答感谢或道歉。

【比较】not to mention与not to say:前者表示“更不用说”;后者表示“虽不能说”、“即使不能说”。

menu[ ????◆?] n.[C]菜单,菜谱:Let’s see what is on the menu today. 让我们看看今天菜单上有什么菜。

merchant[ ????????] n. [C]商人adj.商业的,商人的:The merchant deals in silk goods. 这个商人经营丝织品。

merely[ ???●?] adv.仅仅,只不过:I merely asked his name. 我只不过问问他的名字。/That was merely a guess of mine. 那只是我的一种猜测。

message[ ??????] n.[C]消息,信息:He left a message for me. 他给我留了个口信。/I sent a message to her. 我给她捎了个信去。

metal[ ???●] n. [C,U]金属adj.金属制造的:Is it made of wood or metal?这是木头做的还是金属做的?

method[ ?????] n.[U]规律,秩序 [C]方法,办法:Do you know any methods of teaching English?你知道教授英语有什么新的方法吗?

metre / meter[ ?????] n.[C]米:The room is 2 metres wide. 那房间两米宽。midday[ ???????] n.[U]中午:They will leave at midday. 他们正午动身。middle[ ???●] adj.中间的,中等的n.中间:It’s now the middle of summer. 现在是盛夏。

【短语】in the middle of在…中间,在…过程中

midnight[ ???????]n.[U]午夜:We close at midnight. 我们午夜关门。

might[????]v. aux. (may的过去式,表推测或允许)可能,可以;(代替may,礼貌地请求)可以;(表推测)可能:There might still be hope. 可能还有希望。/She might be waiting for you. 她可能在等你。

【短语】might well很可能/might (just) as well do sth不妨做某事,还是做某事为好【用法】1.表示推测时,既可表过去(为may的过去式),也可表现在(比may委婉)。2.对过去情况的推测,其后应接动词完成式(也可用may):He might [may] have left. 他也许已经离开了。3.对于过去可能发生而实际上并未发生的情况,其后也要接动词的完成式(此时不能换成may):He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy. 他本来可以给你更多帮助的,尽管他很忙。

mile[???●] n.[C]英里:Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。milk[??●?] n.[U]牛奶v.挤奶,产奶:I had some milk for breakfast. 我早餐喝了点牛奶。/The farmer milks (the cows) twice a day. 农民一天挤两次(牛)奶。

million[ ??●???] num. 百万:The city has a population of four million. 这座城市有四百万人口。

mind[?????] n.[U,C]心,思想,头脑;心思;想法v.照料;介意;小心:I don’t mind what you do. 我对你做什么毫不在乎。

【短语】change one’s mind改变主意/make up one’s mind决定,决心/mind and body 身心,精神与肉体/never mind没关系

【用法】用作动词表示“介意”时,主要用于否定句或疑问句,此时可后接动名词,但不能接不定式:I don’t mind being poor. 我对贫困不在乎。

mine[????] pron.我的n.[C]矿山,矿井vt.开采(矿物):They were mining for silver. 他们开采银矿。

minister[ ???????] n.[C]大臣,部长:She is a private secretary to the minister. 她是部长的私人秘书。

minute[???????] n.[C]分钟,一会儿,瞬间:I’ll be back in a minute. 我一会儿就回来。

【说明】the minute (that) 可用作连词,表示“一…就”:We’ll leave the minute you are ready. 你一准备好我们就走。

mirror[ ????] n.[C]镜子:She looked at herself in the mirror. 她照镜子。

miss[???] v.想念,惦记;错过,未看见:Do you miss your family?你想念家人吗?/He shot at the bird, but missed. 他向鸟射击,但未射中。

【说明】后接动词作宾语,要用动名词,不用不定式:He just missed being struck. 他险些儿被打着。

Miss[???] n.小姐(对未婚妇女的称呼):I love Miss Brown我爱布朗小姐。

mistake[????????]n.[C]错误,过失,误解vt.(mistook, mistaken)弄错,误解:He made a mistake about the time. 他弄错了时间。/He mistook me for my younger brother. 他把我错当作我弟弟。

【短语】by mistake错误地,弄错地

mix[????] v.混和,搅和:Oil and water will not mix. 油和水不相溶合。

model[ ???●] n.[C]模型,式样;模范,典型,(艺术或服装的)模特儿:They’re a model couple. 他们是一对模范夫妻。

modern[ ????]adj.现代的,近代的;现代化的;时髦的:Modern music was first developed in Italy. 现代音乐最初是在意大利发展起来的。

moment[ ???????] n.[C]片刻,瞬间;一会儿:Just a moment. 请等一会儿。

【短语】at any moment随时(可能有某情况) /at the moment现在,此刻,一时/for a moment 一会儿/for the moment暂时,目前/in a moment不久,很快,马上,立即

【用法】the moment(that) 可用作连词,表示“一…就”:The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。

Monday[ ?????] n.星期一:I’ll be back (on) Monday. 我礼拜一回来。

money[ ????] n. [U]钱,货币:make money挣钱/pocket money零花钱

monitor[ ??????] n.[C](学校的)班长:We made him monitor. 我们选他当班长。monkey[ ?????] n. [C]猴子:The children enjoyed watching the animals, especially [particularly] the monkeys. 孩子们喜欢观看动物,尤其是猴子。

month[ ????] n. [C]月,月份;一个月的时间:Sales are down this month. 这个月的销售额减少了。

moon[?◆??]n.(用单数)月球,月亮;月光:He likes walking in the moon. 他喜欢在月光下散步。/There is no life on the moon. 月球上没有生物。

more[???] adj.更多的,更大的adv.更,更大的程度pron.更多,更大:What you need is more patience. 你需要的是更大的耐心。/You ought to practice more. 你应该多练习。【短语】more or less或多或少,多少有点/no more不再/not…any more不再/once more 再一次/more and more越来越多的(修饰名词);越来越…(修饰形容词、副词、动词等) /more than多于(通常后接数词);不只是,不仅仅是(通常后接名词、动词、从句等);极其,非常(通常后接形容词、副词或分词等) /more...than比…多,比…更;与其…不

如/no more than仅仅,只有,只不过/the more..., the more(less) 越…越(不)…/ what’s more而且

morning[ ??????] n.[C]早晨,上午:morning paper晨报

most[?????] pron.大部分,大多数;最多adj.& adv.(much或many的最高级)最,非常:Most of us like the film. 我们大多数人都喜欢这部电影。

【短语】at (the) most最多,至多/for the most part大部分,基本上,多半,一般说来/make the most of充分利用

mother[ ????] n.[C]母亲:Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。motor[ ?????] n. [C]发动机,马达:I shut off the motor. 我关掉了发动机。mountain[ ???????] n.[C]山,山脉:He likes mountain scenery. 他喜欢山景。【注意】用于山名时,若用于山名后,其前常加定冠词;若用于山名前,则通常不用冠词:the Rocky Mountains洛矶山脉/Mount O Mei峨嵋山

mountainous[ ?????????] adj.多山的,如山的:mountainous region山区

mouth[????] n.[C]嘴:None of your mouth! 住嘴! /from hand to mouth现挣现吃,仅能糊口地/from mouth to mouth口口相传,人传人地,很快地

move[????]v.动,移动;感动;搬家n.(用单数)移动;搬家;下棋:We’re going to move next week. 我们打算下周搬家。/She was so moved that tears came to her eyes. 她感动的热泪盈眶。

movement[ ?◆??????] n.[C,U]运动,活动:the May 4 Movement五四运动

Mr./Mr[ ?????](= mister) n.先生:This is Mr Brown. 这是布朗先生。

【用法】用于姓前或姓名前,但能用于教名前。

Mrs./Mrs[ ?????](=mistress ) n. 夫人,太太:Mrs. Smith史密斯夫人

【用法】用于称呼已婚妇女,其后接其丈夫的姓或姓名,有时也接自己的姓名。

much[????](more, most)adj.许多的,大量的adv.非常,更加;经常pron.许多,大量:There isn’t much food left. 剩下的食物不多了。/Do you go there much?你经常去那儿吗?

【比较】much too与too much:前者是too的强调说法,用法与too相似;后者是much的强调说法,用法与much相似:This one is much too big. 这个确实太大了。/There’s too much rain. 雨水太多了。

murder[ ?????]v.谋杀n.[U]谋杀 [C]谋杀案:He was accused of murder. 他被指控故意杀人。

museum[ ??◆?????] n.[C]博物馆:children’s museum儿童博物馆

music[ ??◆????]n.[U]音乐:He is a lover of music. 他是音乐爱好者。

musical[ ??◆?????●] adj.音乐的;爱好音乐的n.[C]音乐片:They performed a musical play. 他们演了一出音乐剧。

must[????]v.aux.必须,需要;一定是,必定是n.必须做的事,不可少的事物:Something must be done. 得想办法。/You must see the doctor. 你一定要看医生。/Warm clothes are a must in the mountains. 住山里必须备有厚衣服。

【用法】1.表示“必须”时,其否定式mustn’t的意思是“一定不要”、“不能”,而不是“不必”。2.表示“一定是”时,通常只用于肯定句,在否定句或疑问句中要用can代之;用于此义时,要根据具体的语义情况决定其后动词的形式:He must have a lot of money. 他一定有很多钱。/He must be sleeping. 他一定在睡觉。/He must have gone home. 他一定回家去了。

my[???] pron.我的:My goodness! 天呀!

myself[??????●?] pron.我自己:I’m not myself today. 我今天不太舒服。

N

nail[???●] n.[C]钉子;指甲,趾甲v.用钉子钉:She dyed her nails. 她染了指甲。/He nailed the picture to the wall. 把画钉在墙上。

name[????] n.[C]名字,名称vt.命名;指定,任命:May I ask your name?您尊姓大名?/They named the child Dick. 他们给孩子取名迪克。

narrow[ ?????] adj.狭窄的,勉强的:a narrow escape死里逃生

nation[ ??????] n.[C]国家,民族:the Chinese nation中华民族

national[ ??????●] adj.国家的,民族的:National Day国庆节

nationality[ ???????●???]n.[U,C]国籍;民族:He has [is of] British nationality. 他是英国国籍。/There are 56 nationalities in China. 中国有56个民族。

native[ ??????] n.[C]本地人,本国人adj.本地的,本国的:one’s native language母语/Banana is native to Taiwan. 香蕉是台湾的土产。

natural[ ???????●] adj.自然的,天然的;天生的;自然的:Milk is the natural food for young babies. 牛奶是婴儿的天然食物。

【用法】It’s natural后接that从句时,从句谓语通常用“(should+)动词原形”:It’s natural that you should forget it. 你忘了这事不足为奇。

nature[ ??????]n.[U,C]自然,自然界;性质,天性,本性;种类:by nature生性地,天生地/in nature本质上,事实上;究竟,到底

navy[ ?????] n.[C]海军:He serves in the navy. 他在海军服役。

near[???] adj.近的adv.附近,邻近prep.在…附近,靠近;差点:National Day is drawing near. 国庆节快要到了。/Who lives nearest (to) the school?谁家离学校最近?

【说明】类似以下这样的句子中的to可以省略:He stood near (to) the door. 他站在门附近。/I tried to get nearer (to) the fire. 我试图向火边靠近些。

nearly[ ???●?] adv.将近,几乎:The pain nearly drove me mad. 疼痛几乎使我发疯了。

【短语】not nearly远非,远不及,根本没有/pretty [very] nearly几乎,差不多

【辨析】nearly与almost:见almost。

neat[????] adj.整洁的,整齐的,熟练的:She always kept her room neat. 她总是保持房间整洁。

necessary[ ????????] adj.必须的,必要的:Sleep is necessary to [for] health. 睡眠对健康是必要的。

【用法】1.It’s necessary后接that从句时常用虚拟语气:It’s necessary that we should study hard.(=It’s necessary for us to study hard.) 我们必须努力学习。2.可与if, when, wherever 等连词构成省略句(可看成省略了it is):If necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要,可以打电话到我家找我。

neck[???]n.[C]颈,脖子:neck and neck齐头并进

need[????] n.[C,U]需要,需求 (常用复)必需品v.& aux.必须,不得不;需要,必须:We have need of knowledge. 我们需要知识。/We have no need to be afraid of them. 我们没必要怕他们。/He needn’t come to the meeting. 他不必来开会了。

【短语】in need of需要

【比较】1.need to do与need doing:对于前者来说,句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑主语;对于后者来说,句子主语是其后动名词的逻辑宾语:You need to come. 你有必要来。/The room needs cleaning. 这房间需要打扫了。2.need do sth与need have done sth:前者指有必要去做某事(动作尚未发生),后者指本来不必发生的事却发生了:You needn’t get up so early. 你不必那么早。/You needn’t have got up so early. 你本来不必那么早就起床的。

needle[ ????●] n.[C]针;指针:a needle and thread针线

neighbo(u)r[ ?????] n.[C]邻居,邻国:He is whispering to his neighbor. 他向邻座的人耳语。

neither[ ?????] adj.& pron.(两者)都不conj.& adv.也不:Neither of us enjoy getting up early. 我们俩谁也不喜欢早起。/In neither case will he come. 不论在哪种情况下,他都不会来。/He didn’t read it and neither did I. 他没有读它,我也没有。

【短语】neither...nor... 既不…也不…

【用法】只能指两者,不能指三者或多者。

nephew[ ????◆?] n.[C]侄子,外甥:Your nephew is lovely. 你的侄子很可爱。nervous[ ??????] adj.神经质的,紧张不安的:He’s nervous about [of] staying alone at night. 他害怕晚上一个人呆着。

net[???] n. [C,U]网,网状物:a fishing net鱼网/a mos q uito net蚊帐

never[ ????] adv.决不,从来没有:I never drink or smoke. 我从不喝酒抽烟。/He had never been in love before. 他从来没恋爱过。

【短语】never mind没关系;不要介意。

【用法】在正式文体中用于句首,句子要倒装:Never did I hear such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲的这种故事。

new[??◆?] adj.新的,新鲜的:The word is new to me. 这个单词我不太熟悉。

news[??◆??] n.[U]新闻,消息:Bad news travels q uickly. 坏事传千里。newspaper[ ??◆???????] n.[C,U]报纸:There are some newspapers on the desk. 桌上有几张报纸。

【说明】若当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西,则可数;若仅仅当成一种“纸”来看待,则也可视为不可数:Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用(一张)报纸包起来。next[?????]adj.最近的,紧挨着的;下一次(个) adv.随后;下次n.下一个人(东西):I prefer to take the next train. 我宁愿坐下一班火车。/I don’t know what to do next. 我不知下一步怎么办。

【用法】next time(下次)既可用作副词(起状语作用,此时其前不用冠词),也可用作连词(引导时间状语从句,此时其前可用冠词,但通常省略):I’ll try to be more careful next time. 下次我要更小心一些。/Come to see us (the) next time you are in town. 下次进城来,到我们这里来玩。

nice[????] adj.令人愉快的;友好的:It is nice of you to help us. 你帮助我们真是太好了。

【说明】nice and在意义上相当于very:nice and warm很暖和/nice and fast很快

niece[????]n.[C]侄女,外甥女:He loves your niece. 他爱你的侄女。

night[????] n.夜,夜间,黑夜:He says that he dreams every night. 他说他每晚都做梦。

【短语】at night在夜晚,在夜里/all night (long) 整夜,通宵/by night晚上,夜间/ in the night在夜间,半夜里/night and day日夜,日日夜夜

【用法】复数形式有时起副词作用:She works nights. 她上夜班。

nine[????] num.九:A cat has nine lives. (谚)猫有九命。

ninety[ ??????] num.九十:He was born in the nineties. 他生于90年代。

ninth[?????] num.第九:She was the ninth in the exam. 她考试得第九名。

no[???] adv.& adj.没有,不,无:He has no friends. 他没有朋友。/No smoking! 禁止吸烟!/There is no hope. 没有希望。

【注意】不要误解以下结构的意思:no richer than(与…一样不富裕)= as poor as(与…一样穷) /no taller than (与…一样不高)=as short as(与…一样矮)

noble[ ????●] n.[C]贵族adj.高贵的,贵族的,壮丽的:Many of the nobles joined the uprising. 许多贵族参加了起义。/He has a noble character. 他有高尚的品质。

nobody[ ???????] pron.& n.没有人,谁也不:There is nobody in the room. 房里没人。

【用法】1.用作主语,谓语用单数。2.受形容词修饰时,形容词置于其后。

nod[???] n.& v.点头:George returned his greeting with a nod. 他打招呼乔治点头作答。/John is nodding his head. 约翰频频点头。

noise[????] n.[C,U]嘈杂声,响声;声音:I don’t like noise(s). 我讨厌喧闹声。/Stop making so much noise. 不要那样吵闹。

noisy[ ?????] adj.嘈杂的,喧闹的:Don’t be noisy. 别吵。/I don’t like noisy children. 我不喜欢吵闹的孩子。

none[???] pron.一个人也没有;没有任何东西:None of us are perfect. 我们谁也不是完人。

【短语】have none of没有一点;不参与,不接受,不同意/none but仅仅,只有/none other (than) 正是,就是

【用法】1.可指可数名词,也可指不可数名词。2.指可数名词时,只能指三者或三者以上,不能指两者。3.用作主语时,若指不可数名词,谓语一般用单数;若指可数名词,谓语可用单数(较正式),也可用复数(用于非正式文体,且更符合惯用法):None of the money is mine. 这笔钱没有一点是我的。/None of the cars is [are] new. 这些汽车没有一辆是新的。

noon[?◆??] n.[U]中午,正午:Snow fell before noon. 午前降了雪。/He left here at noon. 他中午12点离开了这儿。

nor[???] conj.& adv.也不:He didn’t ask nor did I. 他没有问,我也没有问。/He does not do it, nor does he try. 他没有做,也没尝试一下。/I don’t want to go, nor will I. 我不想去,也不会去。

【短语】neither…nor…既不…也不…

normal[ n ???●] n.& adj.正常(的),标准(的):above[below] normal在标准以上(以下) /The doctor said that my temperature was normal. 医生说我的体温正常。

north[????] n.北部,北方adj.北方的,北部的adv.在北方:Mexico is in the south of North America. 墨西哥在北美洲南部。/He walked north. 他往北走去。

northern[ ??????] adj.北方的,北部的:The Sahara is a great desert in the northern part of Africa. 撒哈拉沙漠是非洲北部的一个大沙漠。

nose[????] n.[C]鼻子,嗅觉:A dog has a good nose. 狗的嗅觉好。

not[???] adv.不;没:It’s a cat, not a dog. 这是猫,不是狗。/Be careful not to burn yourself. 小心别烫着了。

【短语】not only…but also不仅…还,不但…而且

note[????] n.[C]短信,便条;注释;笔记;票据,钞票:Here’s a note to[on] this word. 这是该词的一条注释。/Make a note of how much money you spend. 你花多少钱要作个记录。/Do you take notes of the lecture?你听课记笔记吗?

nothing[ ?????] n.& pron.没有东西;没有什么:There’s nothing wrong with the machine. 机器没有毛病。

【短语】have nothing to do with与…无关/for nothing不要钱,免费;徒然/nothing but 仅仅,只/nothing like没有比…更好;远远不像,丝毫不像/to say nothing of除了…,更不用说

【用法】1.用作主语时,谓语用单数。2.受形容词修饰时,形容词应置于其后。

notice[ ??????][C]布告,通告 [U]注意v.注意(到):She noticed the man look[looking] at her a couple of times. 她注意到那个男人朝她看了好几次。

【短语】at short notice在短时间内,在接到通知的短时间内/take notice of注意/until further notice在另行通知以前

noun[????] n.[C]名词:I t’s a noun clause. 这是个名词从句。

November[?????????] n.十一月:Her birthday is in November. 她的生日在11月。now[???] adv.& n.现在:He is busy now. 他现在很忙。

【短语】now and again时而/now that既然,由于/by now到现在/now and then时而,有时,偶尔

nowadays[ ????????] adv.当今,现在:Nowadays people travel by plane. 如今人们乘飞机旅行。

【注意】是副词,不是名词,所以不说in nowadays之类的。

nowhere[ ??????] adv.任何地方都不,无处:He is nowhere to be seen. 任何地方都见不着他。

【用法】若用于句首,其后用倒装语序:Nowhere could I see him. 哪儿也见不到他。number[ ?????] n.[C,U]数;数字;数量;号码:I’ve forgotten her telephone number. 我忘了她的电话号码了。

【比较】a number of与the number of:前者意为“许多”,后者意为“…的数量”;用作主语时,前者与复数谓语连用,后者与单数谓语连用:A large number of boxes were broken. 很多盒子被摔破了。/The number of girls in this school is small. 这所学校女生人数很少。

nurse[????] n.[C]护士:She is a trained nurse. 她是一个受过训练的护士。

nut[???] n.[C]坚果,硬壳果:S q uirrels feed on nuts. 松鼠以坚果为食。

O

obey[?????] v.服从,遵守;听话:It’s our duty to obey the laws. 遵守法律是我们的义务。/The child obeyed and went to bed. 孩子听话睡觉去了。

object[ ???????] n.[C]物体,东西;目标;宾语v.反对:Verbs that do not take an object are intransitive verbs. 不带宾语的动词叫不及物动词。

【用法】1.其后可接宾语从句,但通常不接名词或代词作宾语,遇此情况应在其后加介词to:That’s why I object to the plan. 这就是我反对这个计划的原因。/He objected to being treated like a child. 他反对被当作小孩子看待。2.后接that宾语从句时,它表示的不是object(反对)的内容,而是其理由:I wanted to climb the hill, but he objected that he was too tired. 我要去爬山,但是他却以太累为由表示反对。

occur[?????] vi.出现;存在;发生;想到:The accident occurred at five o’clock. 事故发生在五点钟。/A good idea occurred to me. 我想起了个好主意。

【注意】是不及物动词,不用于被动语态。

ocean[ ?????] n.[C]海洋:the Pacific Ocean太平洋/in the ocean在海洋

o’clock[???●??] adv.…点钟:It’s just two o’clock. 现在刚好两点。

October[ ???????] n.十月:This paragraph relates to the October Revolution. 这个段落讲的是十月革命。

of[ ?? ??]prep.…的;…之中的;…之量的;由…组成;从…来的;关于;因为:Loss of health is worse than loss of wealth. 失去健康比失去财富更糟。/What he says is of great importance. 他讲的话很重要。/He told us of his travels. 他给我们讲了他的旅行见闻。/It is very kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了。

off[ ?]prep.离开,隔开;从…脱落,从…掉下;缺席,休假;打折,减价adv.离开,(电,自来水等)停了,中断:Keep off the grass. 勿踏草地。/Can you take something off the price, please?能不能打一点折?/Turn the light off. 把灯关掉。

offer[ ???] v.& n.提供;提出;出价:Thank you for your offer of help. 感谢你提供的帮助。/Offer the guests some coffee.=Offer some coffee to the guests. 给客人们来点咖啡。/He offered to lend me some money. 他表示可借给我一些钱。

office[ ????] n.[C]办公室:I don’t go to the office on Sunday. 我星期天不去办公室。【短语】in office执政/out of office不执政/take office就职,上任

officer[ ?????] n.[C]军官,官员:Please give me a hand, officer. 警官,请帮帮我。official[??????●] n.[C]官员,高级职员adj.官方的,正式的:Is the news official?这是官方消息吗?/Those are official figures. 那些是官方数字。

often[ ??????] adv.经常,常常:Do you often have cold?你常常感冒吗?

oh[??] interj.哦,噢:Oh, sir! You forgot your keys. 噢,先生!您忘了拿钥匙。

oil[ ?●] n.[U]油v.加油:You can’t mix oil with water. 你不能让油和水混合。/We need some cooking oil. 我们需要些烹调用油。

okay/O.K.[ ??????] interj.对,好,可以adj.行,可以,好的vt.同意,批准:The play is OK. 这出戏还可以。/The car goes okay now. 这汽车现在行驶情况良好。/OK, you can go. 好,你去吧。/I got his OK. 我得到了他的同意。

old[??●?] adj.旧的,年老的,古老的:How old are you?你多大年纪了?

【用法】the old可用作名词,表示“老人”,表复数意义:The old have more experience than the young. 老年人比年轻人更有经验。

on[ ?] prep.在…上;接近,靠近;朝,向;乘,坐;有关,关于;在…方面;通过,凭借;为了;拥有,带着;由于,因为adv.穿上,穿着;继续着;开着,处于工作状态中:She

began to cry on hearing the news. 她听到那个消息就哭了。/He wrote a book on Africa animals. 他写了一本关于非洲动物的书。/Don’t waste your time on that. 不要把你的时间花在那上面。/I’ve got no money on me. 我没有带钱。/I congratulate you on your success. 我祝贺您的成功。

once[????] adv.一次,一度,从前conj.一旦…(就…):He once [Once he] lived in the country. 他一度住在乡下。/Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始,便不可停下来。

【短语】at once立刻,马上/once upon a time从前;很早以前/once in a while偶尔,间或/all at once突然/once again [more] 再一次

one[???] pron.一(个,只);某个人;某物;任何人num.& adj.一:The chair has lost one of its legs. 椅子掉了一条腿。/One should do one’s duty. 人人应该尽责。

【短语】one by one一个接一个地,一次一个地

oneself[??????●?] pron.自己,自身:by oneself独自/to oneself独自享用

only[ ???●?] adv.只,仅仅,只是,才adj.惟一的,仅有的:He is only joking. 他只是开玩笑。/She is the only girl in her family. 她是家里惟一的女孩。

【短语】if only要是…就好了,但愿/not only…but also… 不但…而且…

【用法】1.通常放在所修饰的词语之前(若所修饰的词在句末,则也可将它放在该词之后):Only Jim knows him. 只有吉姆认识他。/This ticket admits only one person.=This ticket admits one person only. 此券只准一人入场。2.修饰状语位于句首时,句子要倒装:Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。

onto[ ????] prep.到…上面:He jumped onto the horse. 他跳上马。

open[ ?????] adj.开着的,开口的v.打开,张开:The museum is open to foreign visitors. 博物馆对外宾开放。

operate[ ???????] vt.操作,运转vi.对…施行手术:The doctor decided to operate on him (his nose) at once. 医生决定马上给他(他的鼻子)动手术。

operation[ ??????????] n. [C](外科)手术 [U]操作:The operation of this machine is simple. 这个机器的操作很简单。

opinion[????????] n.[C]看法,见解:In my opinion, he is wrong. 据我看,他是错了。/I have a good (bad) opinion of him. 我对他评价很高(低)。

opposite[ ??????] n.[C]相反,对面adj.相反的,对面的prep.在…对面:He lives in the opposite house.=He lives in the house opposite. 他住在对面的房子里。

or[ ?] conj.或者,还是(用在否定句中),也不:He never smokes or drinks. 他从不吸烟,也不喝酒。

【短语】or so大约,…上下/or else否则,要不然

orange[ ??????] n.[C]橙子,柑子adj.橙色的:A glass of orange juice, please. 请来杯橘子汁。

order[ ????]n.[U]顺序;秩序 (常用复)命令,指挥 [C]定购,定货v.定购,定货;点菜;命令,要求:He ordered her to go. 他命令她走。

【短语】in order按顺序;整齐,有秩序;处于良好状态/in order to为了…(后接动词原形) /in order that为了…(后接句子) /out of order顺序乱的(地),情况不好,坏了【用法】表示“命令”、“要求”时,若后接that从句,从句谓语通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气:The doctor ordered that she should stay in bed.(=The doctor ordered her to stay in bed.) 医生要求她卧床。

ordinary[ ????????] adj.普通的,平常的:An ordinary work day is eight hours. 正常的工作日是8小时。/It’s a piece of ordinary dance music. 那是首普通的舞曲。organize / organise[ ????????] vt.组织,安排vi.组织起来:The National Games were well organized. 这次全国运动会组织得很好。

other[ ???] adj.别的,另外的pron.别人,别的东西:Where are the other students?其他同学在哪里?

【用法】1.若特指,其前用定冠词;若泛指,其前不加定冠词。2.表单数时,后接单数名词;表复数时,后接复数名词或用others。

otherwise[ ???????] adv.否则,要不然:We’ll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat. 我们得早一点去,不然就没有座位了。

ought[ ??] v. aux.应当,应该:You ought to think everything over carefully. 你应当把一切想清楚。

【用法】1.后接带to的不定式。2.若对过去情况进行推测,则后接动词的完成式:You ought to have noticed it. 你应当已经注意到这件事。/I ought to have helped her, but I never could. 我本该帮助她的,却从未能这样做。

our[ ???] pron.我们的:Which are our seats?哪些是我们的座位?

ours[ ????] pron.我们的:Ours are in the car. 我们的东西在汽车里。

ourselves[ ??????●??] pron.我们自己,我们亲自:We had better do it ourselves. 我们最好自己干。

out[???] adv.出,向外,在外:When you go out, please close the door. 出去时,请把门关上。/He is out of work. 他失业了。

outdoor[ ??????]adj.户外的;室外的:I like outdoor sports. 我喜欢室外运动。

【说明】只放在名词前作定语,不用作表语。

outdoors[????????] adv.在户外(野外):Children usually prefer playing outdoors. 孩子们通常喜欢在室外玩。

outside[ ???????] prep.& adv.在外面,向外面,在…外,向…外n. [C]外部,外面:This was q uite outside his knowledge. 这完全超出了他的知识范围。

over[ ????] prep.在…之上,在…的(正)上方;盖在…上;横过,从…上面越过;遍及,到处;超过,多于;在…期间;因为;通过adv.翻,翻转;遍布;结束;完全地;横过,过来:They held a large umbrella over her. 他们给她打着一把大伞。/He put the newspaper over his face. 他用报纸盖住脸。/Will you be at home over Christmas?圣诞节期间你在家吗?

【短语】over there在那边(指较远处) /all over全身,到处/over and over (again) 反复地/over here在这边

overcoat[ ?????????] n.[C]大衣:He put on his overcoat and went out. 他穿上大衣就出去了。

owe[??]vt.欠(钱);应感激;应给予;归功于:I owe my life to you. 全亏你我才能活下来。/I owe my success to him.=I owe him my success. 我的成功要归功于他。own[???] adj.自己的v.拥有:This is his own car. 这是他自己的汽车。/This car is his own. 这汽车是他自己的。

ox[ ??] n.(pl.oxen)公牛:a herd of oxen一群牛

P

pack[???]n. [C]包,捆v.包装:Pack them in dozens. 把它们成打地包起来。

packet[ ?????]n. [C]小包裹:He bought a packet of cigarettes. 他买了一包香烟。page[?????] n.[C]页,页码:Do the exercises on page5.做第5页上的练习。

pain[????] n.[C,U]疼痛;痛苦 (用复数)努力,劳苦v.疼痛,痛苦:She has a pain[pain, pains] in her stomach. 她胃痛。/He has taken pains to study the problem. 他费尽了心血研究这个问题。

paint[?????] n.[U]油漆,颜料v.油漆,粉刷;绘画:Wet [Fresh] paint. 油漆未干。/He painted the door green. 他把门漆成了绿色。

painting[ ???????] n.[C]油画,绘画:Painting was the love of his life. 绘画是他毕生的爱好。

pair[???] n.[C]一双,一对:He needs a new pair of shoes. 他需要一双新鞋。/The children came in in pairs. 孩子们两个两个地进来。

palace[ ??●??] n.[C]宫殿,华丽的大厦:the Summer Palace颐和园

pale[???●] adj.苍白的,灰白的,淡的:He turned pale at the words. 听了这些话他脸色变得苍白。

pan[???] n.[C]平底锅:She fried the eggs in a frying pan. 她在平锅里煎鸡蛋。paper[ ?????] n. [U]纸 [C]报纸;试卷;论文,票据:You will have to show your papers at the gate. 在门口你得出示证件。

paragraph[ ?????????] n.[C](文章)段,节:Read from book, starting at the second paragraph. 念书,从第2段开始。

pardon[ ?????] n.& vt.原谅,宽恕:Pardon my interrupting you.=Pardon me (for) interrupting you. 请原谅我打断你的话。

【用法】口语中的I beg your pardon有多种用法,如表示道歉、提出异议、请对方重说自己没听清的话等。

parent[ ???????] n.[C]父(母):Please give my best regards to your parents. 请代我向您的父母问好。

Paris[ ?????] n.巴黎:I was glad to have the opportunity of visiting Paris. 我很高兴有机会访问巴黎。

park1[????]n.[C]公园:in the park在公园/Beihai Park北海公园

park2[????]n.[C]停车场v.停车:No Parking. 禁止停车。/ Don’t park the car in this street. 不得在这条街上停车。

part[????] n.[C]部分;角色:Parts of this town are beautiful. 该镇的部分地区很美。/Only (a) part of the story is true. 这个故事只有部分情节是真实的。

【短语】play an important part in在…方面起重要作用/for one’s part就个人来说/for the most part多半,总的说来/in part部分地,在某种程度上/take part in参加particular[????????●?] adj.特殊的,个别的:She’s very particular about her clothes [what she wears]. 她对穿着很讲究。

【短语】in particular特别,尤其

particularly[????????●?●?] adv.特别,尤其:It is particularly hot today. 今天特别热。/He likes the country, particularly [especially] in spring. 他喜欢乡村,尤其是在春天。

partly[ ????●?] adv.部分地,在一定程度上:You’re partly right. 你在一定程度上是对的。/We are all partly to blame. 我们都负有一部分责任。

party[ ?????] n.[C]政党,党派;晚会,聚会:He joined the Party in1949. 他是1949年入党的。/Who are you going to invite to the party?你准备邀请谁参加晚会?

pass[????]v.传,递;经过,通过;度过(时间),(时间)流逝n.[C]关口;及格(证),通行证:Please let me pass. 请让我过去。/Please pass me the salt.=Please pass the salt to me. 请把盐递给我。/Did he pass the exam?他通过考试了吗?

passage[ ??????] n.[C]通道;走廊;(文章,讲话的)一段,一节:He forced a passage through the crowd. 他从人群中强挤出一条通路来。

passenger[ ????????] n. [C]乘客,旅客:There were fifty passengers in the bus. 公共汽车上有50名乘客。

passer-by [ ????????] n. (pl.passers-by)过客,过路人:A few passers-by saw the accident. 有几个过路人目睹了这次事故。

past[?????] prep.(指时间)过;走过(某处) n. [U]过去,昔日,往事adj.过去的,从前的,刚过去的:I’ve been ill for the past three weeks. 我三周来一直在生病。

path[????] n. [C]道路,路程,小径:There was a narrow path through the forest. 有一条穿过森林的小路。

patient[ ???????] n. [C]病人adj.耐心的:We must be patient with children. 我们对孩子要有耐心。

pattern[ ?????] n.[C]式样;图案,花样:a sentence pattern句型

pause[????]n.[C]中止,暂停,停止vi.暂停,停顿:After a pause, the game continued. 停顿一会儿之后,比赛继续进行。

【说明】其后不接动名词,但可接不定式(为目的状语):He paused to wait for me. 他停下来等我。

pay[???]v.(paid, paid)付钱,发工资,给…报酬n.[C]工资:He’ll do it if you pay him. 如果你付钱他是会干的。/How much pay do you get?你的工资是多少?

【短语】pay back偿还(借款);报复/pay back偿还(借款) /pay off还清(债务等) peace[????]n.[U,C]和平,平静:Let me do my work in peace. 让我安静地工作。/Several policemen went there to keep the peace. 有几个警察去了那儿维持秩序。

peaceful[ ??????●] adj.和平的,安静的:It’s peaceful at home when the children are at school. 孩子们在学校上学时,家里就安静了。

pear[???] n.[C]梨子,梨树:snow pear雪梨

peasant[ ??????] n. [C]农民:The peasant girl has become an engineer. 这位农村姑娘成了工程师。

pen[???] n. [C]钢笔:I lost my pen. 我把钢笔丢了。

【用法】表示用钢笔写,通常用with a pen,也可说成in ink。

pence[????] n. (penny的复数)便士(英国货币):Potatoes are 20 pence a pound. 土豆20便士一磅。

pencil[ ????●] n.[C]铅笔:D on’t write in pencil. 不要用铅笔写。

penny[ ????] n. [C] (pl.pence)便士(英国货币)

【辨析】有pennies和pence两种复数形式:前者主要用来指一便士的硬币数,后者主要用于数词后构成复合词或用来谈论钱的价值:Give me five pennies for this five-pence. 请把这个5便士硬币换成5枚1便士硬币。/It only costs a few pence. 它只值几分钱。

people[ ????●] n.[C]人,人们;民族 (连用the)人民:Were there many people at the party?参加晚会的人很多吗?

【用法】1.表示“人”或“人们”,只用单数形式,但表示复数意义;作主语时谓语用复数。

2.表示“民族”时,为可数名词,其前可用不定冠词,也可有复数形式:the peoples of the world世界各国人民

percent[???????] n.百分之…:The price was reduced by 18 per cent. 价格降低了百分之十八。

perfect[ ???????] adj.极好的,完美的:None of us are perfect. 我们谁也不是完人。【注意】本身含有“极”、“最”之义,通常不用于比较等级,也不受very修饰。perform[???????] v.做,实行,执行;表演:The doctors are performing an operation. 医生们在做手术。/The children performed a play. 孩子们演了一出戏。

perhaps[???????] adv.可能,也许,或许:Perhaps they like you better than me.也许比起我来他们更喜欢你呢。

period[ ???????]n.[C]时期,时代;一节(课):This was the most difficult period of his life. 这是他一生中最艰难的时期。

permit[??????] v.许可,允许n.[C]许可证,执照:Write me when time permits. 有时间请写信给我。/Have you got a permit to fish in this lake?你有在这个湖里钓鱼的许可证吗?

【用法】可接动名词作宾语,但不接不定式作宾语:We do not permit smoking here. 不准在此吸烟。不过不定式的复合结构可作其宾语:They permitted her to leave. 他们允许她离开。

person[ ?????] n. [C]人,个人:You’re looking a different person. 你看起来像换了一个人。/He will come in person. 他将亲自来。

persuade [????????] v.说服,劝说:He persuaded his wife to change her mind. 他说服他妻子改变了主意。

【说明】指说服,若说而不服,则用try to persuade。

pet[???] n.[C]宠物:She has two cats as pets. 她养了两只猫,把它们当做宠物。photo / photograph[ ??????][ ??????????]n. [C]照片:I’ll have a photo taken. 我要请人拍个照。/I took a lot of photos during my holiday. 我在度假期间拍了许多照片。

【比较】take a photo与have a photo taken:前者指“(自己)拍照”,后者指“请人拍照”。physics[ ??????] n.[U]物理学:Physics studies mechanics, heat, light, sound and electricity. 物理学研究力学、热学、光学、声学和电学。

piano[???????] n. [C,U]钢琴:I can’t play the piano, but I can play the guitar. 我不会弹钢琴,但会弹吉他。

pick[???] v.摘,挑选,扒窃:They were picking cotton. 他们在采棉花。/Pick out the books that you’d like to read. 挑出你要读的书。/My pocket was picked. 我的口袋被扒了。

【短语】pick out挑选;找出/pick up拿起,捡起;收拾,整理;学会;(用车)来接,去取;改进,改善;重新开始,继续;感染(疾病、坏习惯等)

picnic[ ??????] v.(picnicked, picnicked) 野餐n.[C]野餐:The children picnicked in the woods. 孩子们在树林里野餐了。

picture[ ??????] n. [C]图画,图片;照片;影片:There are a few pictures on the wall. 墙上有几张画。/I often go to the pictures on Sunday. 我星期天常去看电影。pie[???] n. [C]馅饼:fruit pies水果馅饼/Have some more pie. 再吃点馅饼吧。piece[????] n. [C]一起(张,片,件…):Here are two pieces of advice. 这是两条建议。/He tore the letter into pieces. 他把那封信撕得粉碎。

pig[???] n. [C]猪:He keeps [raises] 20 pigs. 他养了20头猪。

pile[???●] n. [C]堆v.堆放:Next to it stood a pile of paper cups. 它旁边有一堆纸杯。/He piled books on his desk. 他把书堆放在书桌上。

pillow[ ??●??] n. [C]枕头:He used his boots for a pillow. 他用靴子作枕头。

pilot[ ???●??] n. [C]飞行员:Michael was the first pilot to fly the plane round the world. 麦克是第一个驾驶飞机作环球飞行的飞行员。

pin[???] n.[C]大头针,别针v.别住,钉住:pin papers together把文件用针钉在一起/ drawing pin图钉

pink[????] adj.粉红色的n.[U]粉红色:The combination of red and white forms pink. 红色和白色混合即成为粉红色。

pioneer[ ????????] n.[C]先锋,开拓者:the Young Pioneers少年先锋队

pipe[????]n. [C]管子,输送管;烟斗:Does he smoke a pipe?他抽烟斗吗?

pity[ ????]n.[U]同情 [C]可惜的事,遗憾的事vt.同情;可怜:Do have[take] pity on me. 千万要可怜可怜我。/It’s a pity that he can’t come. 他不能来真是遗憾。

place[?●???] n.[C]地方,地点;住所;座位;空地;名次v.放,安置:That would be a nice place for a picnic. 这是野餐的好地方。/Go back to your place. 回到你的座位上去。/He placed the books on the desk. 他把书放在桌上。

【短语】take place发生/take the place of代替,接替/change places换座位/in place of代替

plain[?●???] adj.坦白的,平易的;朴素的n.[C]平原,旷野:From the hill top we could see the plains below. 从山顶我们可以看到下方的平原。

plan[?●??] n.& v.计划:Everyone made plans for going abroad. 每个人都制定了出国计划。/Do you plan to stay [on staying] here?你打算留在这里吗?

plane[?●???] / aeroplane[ ?????●???] n.[C]飞机:Are you going by train or by plane?你坐火车去还是坐飞机去?

plant[?●????] n.[C]植物vt.种植,播种:Trees and vegetables are plants. 树和蔬菜是植物。/April is the time to plant. 4月是种植的时候。

plastic[ ?●?????] adj.塑料的n.[C,U]塑料:The company sells plastic products. 这家公司出售塑料制品。

【用法】作名词时,可数或不可数均可,但可数时,通常用复数:Plastic is [Plastics are] sometimes used instead of wood and metal. 塑料有时被用来代替木材和金属。

plate[?●???] n.[C]盘子,碟子(比dish浅,扁平):I almost dropped the plate. 我差点把碟子掉了。

platform[ ?●??????] n.[C]讲台,站台;平台:A hall usually has a platform for speakers. 礼堂里通常有一个演讲台。

play[?●??] v.玩,做游戏,打球n. [C,U]玩耍,戏剧:He came over to chat and play cards.他过来聊天、打牌。/This play is based on a true story. 这出戏以真事为基础。【比较】play sb与play with sb:前者“同某人比赛”,后者指“玩…”、“同…玩”。

player[ ?●???] n.[C]运动员(者),演员;帮游戏者:She is a good tennis player. 她是一个好的网球手。

playground[ ?●????????] n.[C]操场,(儿童)游乐场:The children were all[on] in the playground. 孩子们都在操场上。

pleasant[ ?●?????]adj.令人愉快的,招人喜欢的,舒适的:The walk was very pleasant. 那次散步很愉快。

【辨析】pleasant与pleased:前者指令人愉快,后者指感到愉快。比较:He was pleased. 他很高兴。/He was pleasant. 他讨人喜欢。

please[?●???] adv.请;好的v.使人高兴,使人满意;喜欢,愿意:It’s difficult to please everybody. 很难使每个人满意。/Go where you please. 你想去哪儿就去哪儿。pleased[?●????] adj.高兴的,愉快的:I’m very pleased with your work. 我对你的工作很满意。/He was pleased to accept the invitation. 他高兴地接受了邀请。

pleasure[ ?●???] n.[U]高兴,愉快 [C]令人高兴的事:He finds pleasure in reading. 他从阅读中得到乐趣。/It is a pleasure to work with you. 和你一起工作真是件乐事。【用法】其后可接of doing sth作定语,但不接不定式作定语:When may I have the pleasure of seeing you again?什么时候我能有幸再见到你?

【比较】(it’s) a [my] pleasure与with pleasure:前者意为“不客气”、“不用谢”,用于回答感谢;后者意为“高兴地”、“乐意地”。

plenty[ ?●????] n.充足,大量adv.相当,足够:There was food and drink in plenty. 有充足的饮食。/She has plenty of imagination. 她想像力丰富。

plough[?●??] n.& v.犁,耕:The land ploughs hard after the drought. 大旱之后土地难耕。

pocket[ ?????] n.[C]衣袋:a pocket radio袖珍收音机/pocket money零用钱poem[ ?????] n.[C]诗:Their lives are a poem. 他们的生活就是一首诗。

poet[ ?????] n.[C]诗人:A poet writes poems. 诗人写诗。

point[?????] n.[C]尖,尖端;点,观点;分数;特点;用处v.指,指向:It was a turning point in his career. 这是他事业上的转折点。/There’s no point in wasting time. 耗时间没用。

【短语】point at (用手)指着;用…对着(指着,瞄准等) /point to (用手)指着;(指针或房子等)指着;朝向;说明/point out指出;把注意力引向

pole[???●] n. [C]杆,柱,极:the North pole北极

police[???●???] n. [C]警察:Watch out! The police are coming. 当心,警察来了。【用法】1.表示“警察”的总称,其前通常用the(有时也可省略)。2.形式上虽为单数,但含义上永远是复数;作主语时,谓语必须是复数。

policeman[???●??????] n.(pl.policemen)[C]警察:Do that again and I’ll call a policeman! 你要再这样做,我就叫警察了!

polite[???●???] adj.有礼貌的,有教养的:Be more polite to ladies. 对女士要更有礼貌。/It’s polite of him to do so. 他那样做很有礼貌。

political[???●?????●] adj.政治的:This is a political as well as an economic q uestion. 这是一个政治也是经济问题。

politics[ ??●?????] n.[U]政治(学):Their talks always center around politics. 他们的谈话总是围绕着政治。

pollution[???●?????] n. [U]污染:The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日见严峻。

pool[?◆?●] n.[C]水池,水坑:After the heavy rain there were pools on the road. 大

雨过后路上有一些小水坑。

poor[???] adj.贫穷的;可怜的;不好的:That poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

【说明】the poor可用作名词,意为“穷人”,表复数意义:The poor have a claim to our sympathy. 穷人值得我们同情。

popular[ ?????●?] adj.受欢迎的,讨人喜欢的;大众化的,通俗的,流行的:The singer is very popular with [among] young people. 这位歌手很受年轻人的欢迎。

population[ ??????●??? ?]n.[C,U]人口;某一国家或地区的所有人:How large [What] is the population of Japan?日本有多少人口?

【用法】1.形容人口数的多少,通常不用many或few,而用large, small, huge, high等。

2.为集合名词,若表示“人口”,表单数意义;若表示某一国家或地区的所有人,既可表示单数意义(视为整体)也可表示复数意义(考虑其个体):More than one third of the population here still live(s) under the poverty line. 这里有三分之一多的人仍然生活在贫困线以下。但若表语为复数,则谓语也通常用复数:One-tenth of the population are elderly people. 十分之一的人口是老年人。

pork [????] n.[U]猪肉:Do you like roast pork?你喜欢烤猪肉吗?

port[????]n. [C,U]港口:enter (a) port入港/leave (a) port出港

position[?????? ?]n.[C]位置;姿势;处境;职业:This placed him in a difficult position. 这使他处境困难。/He’s got a good position. 他谋得一份好工作。

【短语】in position在应在的位置,在适当的位置/out of position位置没放好possession[?????? ?]n.[U]所有,拥有 (常用复)财产,所有物:He had few possessions. 他的财产很少。

【比较】in possession of sth与in the possession of sb:前者表示“拥有某物”,后者表

示“被某人拥有”(=in sb’s possession)

possible[ ?????●]adj.可能发生的,可能的:I’ll help you if possible. 可能的话,我会帮助你的。/Is it possible for their hopes to be realized?他们的愿望能实现吗?

possibly[ ?????●?] adv.可能地,也许:Without these we can’t possibly succeed. 没有这些我们不可能成功。

post[?????] n.[U]邮政,邮寄 [U,有时用a]邮件 [C]工作,职位vt.投寄,邮寄:Remember to post the letters. 记得把这些信寄了。/If you could get the book, please send it to me by post. 如果你能弄到那本书,请邮寄给我。

postcard[ ?????????] n.[C]明信片:He sent me a postcard from the United Nations. 他从联合国给我寄来一张明信片。

pot[???] n. [C]锅,壶,瓶,罐:She made a pot of coffee. 她煮了一壶咖啡。

potato[?????????] n.(pl.potatoes) [C,U]土豆,马铃薯:They live on potatoes. 他们靠吃马铃薯生活。

pound[?????] n.[C]英镑,磅:There are 100 pence to every pound. 1英镑有100便士。/He weighed 10 pounds at birth. 他出生时有10磅重。

pour[???] v.倒,注,灌;流出,倾泻(雨等,倾盆而下):It was pouring with rain. 这时下着倾盆大雨。/Shall I pour you some water?我要不要给你倒点水?

powder[ ?????] n.[U]粉,粉末:milk powder奶粉

power[ ????] n.[U]力,能力;权力;动力 (常用复)体力,智力:Some animals have the power to see in the dark. 有些动物具有在黑暗中能看见东西的本领。

practical[ ????????●] adj.实际的,实用的:It’s a practical proposal. 那是切实可行的建议。/Practical experience is often very important. 实践经验通常很重要。practice[ ???????] n.[U,C]实行,实践;实习,练习;惯例,常规:He makes a practice of going to bed early. 他有早睡的习惯。

【短语】in practice实际上,实行起来(用作状语);业务熟练,没有荒疏(用作表语) /out of practice荒疏,缺乏练习

practise / practice[ ???????] v.实践,实行,实施,惯做,常做;实习,练习,训练:You must practise speaking English more. 你应更多地练习讲英语。/Economy has to be practised. 必须厉行节约。

【说明】后接动词要用动名词,不用不定式。

praise[?????]n.[U]赞美,赞扬vt.赞扬,表扬:He praised her for her courage. 他表扬她有勇气。

【短语】in praise of赞扬,称赞

precious[ ??????] adj.宝贵的,珍贵的:It’s foolish to idle away one’s precious time. 把大好时光浪费掉是愚蠢的。

prefer[???????] vt.(preferred, preferring)宁可,宁愿,更喜欢:Do you prefer coffee or tea?你喜欢咖啡还是茶?/I prefer walking alone. 我喜欢一个人溜达。/He prefers to read rather than watch television. 他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。

【用法】表示宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事或喜欢(做)某事而不喜欢(做)另一事,英语通常用prefer (doing) sth to (doing) sth或prefer to do sth rather than do sth。

prepare[???????] v.准备,预备:We must be prepared against war. 我们必须备战。/We were not prepared for the heavy rain. 我们没有提防要下这么大一场雨。

present[????????] n.[C,U]现在,目前 [C]礼物adj.在场的,出席的,现在的vt. [ ??????]赠予,颁予;提出:What’s your present feeling?你现在感觉如何?/How many people were present?有多少人出席?/They presented flowers to their teacher. 他们献花给老师。

【短语】at present现在,目前/for the present暂时

president[ ?????? ??]n.[C]总统,主席;大学校长,学院院长;会长,社长;总裁,董事长,(银行)行长:They elected him President. 他们选他当总统。

press[????]v.压,按,挤;熨,熨平;紧迫n.(常用单)压,推,压挤,(连用the)新闻界 [C]出版社,印刷厂;熨烫:You pressed the wrong switch. 你按错了开关。/Time is pressing. 时间很紧迫。/the University Press大学出版社

pretend[????????]v.假装;假扮;自称:He pretended to be ill. 他假装生病了。/He pretended not to have seen me. 他假装没看见我。

pretty[ ?????] adj.漂亮的,俊俏的adv.相当地:She’s so pretty. 她真漂亮。prevent[????????] v.防止的,阻止,预防:Who prevents their plans from being carried out?谁阻止他们的计划不让实施?

price[?????]n.[C]价格,价钱:Prices keep going up. 物价持续上涨。/What’s the price of the this camera?这部照相机多少钱?

【说明】表示价格的高低用high和low,一般不用dear, expensive, cheap等。

高考英语词汇173单选题详解

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A. command B. conviction C. consent D. compromise [答案] C. consent [注释] consent 同意, 赞成, 答应。conviction 深信, 确信。compromise 妥协, 折中。command 命令, 指令; 掌握, 运用能力。3. Our research has focused on a drug which is so _____ as to be able to change brain chemistry. . powerful B. influential C. monstrous D. vigorous [答案] A. powerful [注释] powerful (=having or producing great power) 强有力的。在这里四个形容词中, 只有powerful (有效力的) 可与表示药物的名词搭配。influential 有影响的, 有势力的, monstrous 异常大的, vigorous 精力旺盛的, 强健有力的。 4. The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway. A. vanished B. abandoned C. scattered D. rejected

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