定语从句语法
定语从句来修饰某个名词或名词短语
当要表达复杂的意思时，往往都要借助于定语从句来完成，即要用定语从句来修饰某个名词或名词短语。比如当我们说“我不喜欢懒人”，这时只需要用一个形容词lazy来做定语就可以。这句话可以这样说：
1I don't like lazy people.
但是，如果要表达稍微复杂一点的意思，比如说“我不喜欢不守信用的人”，这时，简单地用形容词作定语就无能为力了，就要借助于一个句子来修饰名词，用作名词的定语，对名词进行限制。这句话可以这样说：
2I don't like people who never keep their word.
这里，lazy是作定语修饰people，而who never keep their word也是作定语修饰people，前
者只是单个的形容词，而后者是一个有着完整主谓结构的句子，故称后者为定语从句，即用
作定语功能的从句。说它是“从句”，因为这句话有主句，I don't like people这是这句话的核心
意思。
对于定语从句，一定要掌握先行词和关系词这两个重要概念，因为定语从句的核心内容
就是围绕着先行词和关系词展开的。
一、先行词
被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词。上一节例句中的people即为先行词。
二、关系词
重复指代先行词、起连接主句和从句的作用，并且在定语从句中充当一定成分的连接词
称为关系词。上一节例句2中的who即为关系词。关系词有两个作用：
高考英语定语从句考点补充
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。一、关系代词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that 等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中做主语、宾语或定语。
A．who
指人，在定语从句中作主语。
What was the name of the man who lent you the money.
借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词the man）
He who laughs last laughs best.
谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词he）
The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.
会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词the chairman）
B．whom
指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom 可省略或可用who 来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。
There are some people (whom/who)we like and others (whom/who) we dislike.
有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others）
The people whom/who I work with are all friendly.
和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词the people）
Mr. Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.
昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用who 代替whom）
Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office.
两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用who）
C．whose
通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。
There are some people whose faces you can never forget.
有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词people）
I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.
我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词trees）
D．which
1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。
English is a language which is easy to learn.
英语是一门容易学的语言。（which 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）
This is a folk song which is now very popular.
这是目前非常流行的一首民谣（which 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）
The river which flows through London is the Thames.
流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。（which 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）
The children like cookies (which) my wife makes.
孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词which 作makes 的宾语，可以省略)
2．which 引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于and this。
Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody.
吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the driving test）Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity.
希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the party）
3．which 在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。
John stayed here for a week, during which time we visited the West Lake together.
约翰在这里呆了一星期，在此期间我们一起游了西湖。
It might snow this weekend, in which case we won't go to Beijing.
周末可能下雪，在这种情况下，我们就不去北京了。
E．that
指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语（做宾语时常可省略）。
He is the man that lives next door.
他就是住在隔壁的那个人。（定语从句修饰先行词the man，作主语）
I don't like stories that have unhappy endings.
我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。（定语从句修饰先行词stories，作主语）
The dress (that) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.
安买的衣服不太合身。（定语从句修饰先行词the dress，that 作宾语可省略）
Is there anything (that) I can do for you
有我能为你效劳的事吗？（定语从句修饰先行词anything，that 作宾语，可省略）
提示：
在口语中，that 有时还可以作关系副词，相当于when 或介词+which 结构。
We left the day (that) he arrived. 他来的那一天，我们就走了。（that 替when）
He doesn't see things the way (that) we see them.他看问题的方法和我们不一样。（that 代替in which）--in the way
Imagine the speed (that) he drives his car!很难想象，他开车的速度那么快！（that 代替at which）--at speed
F．其他关系代词
as 和but 也可作关系代词，引导定语从句。
1．as
as 可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。
①在限制性定语从句中，as 可跟在由such, so, the same 修饰的先行词之后。
Such men as heard him were deeply moved.
听过他说话的人，都会深受感动。（as 在定语从句中作heard 的主语）
I've never heard such stories as he tells.
我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。（as 在定语从句中作tell 的宾语）
He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift.
他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。（as 在定语从句中lift 的宾语）
比较：
在the same as 结构中，as 也可用that 代替。但严格地说，the same as 强调相同，the same that 注重同一。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.
她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的衣裙。（as 指的是与先行词相似的同类事物）
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.
她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。（that 指的是与先行词同一事物）
②在非限制性定语从句中，as 可代表主句整个句子，引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗号与主句分开。
As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.
他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。
必背：
一些由as 引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。
as is known to all
这是众所周知的
as has been said before
如前所说
as is often the case
情况常常如此
as may be imagined
这可以想象得出
as has been pointed out
正如已经指出的那样
as often happens
这种情况常常发生
2．but
but 作关系词只能引导限制性定语从句，同具有否定意思的主句连用，相当于that not, who not 或which not。
There is not a single student in my class but (=who not) would like to study more.
我班上没有一个学生不愿意多学一点东西的。（but = who not）
There are very few but (=who not) are against war.
很少人不反对战争。（but = who not）
G．介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句是一种非常常见但也比较复杂的定语从句结构。
1. 介词+关系代词中介词的位置
关系代词whom, which 在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that, who 不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。
He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.
= He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.
他是个经验丰富的人，从他那儿可以学到很多。
The school in which he once worked is a key school.
=The school (which/that) he once worked in is a key school.
他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
我就职的那家公司经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。
2．介词+关系代词的常见结构
①介词+which/whom 指人用whom 指物用which
This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked. (=talk about 缺宾语指人)
这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。
Fortunately, we had a map, without which we would have got lost.（指代without a map指物）
很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如没有的话，我们就会迷路了。
②名词+of+ which/whom
Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue. （the cover of which 做主语指物）
请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。（也可用whose cover）
③数词+o+ which/whom
She's got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses.（two of which 做主语指物）
她有三只幸运笔，其中两只从未用过。
In our school, there are about 200 teachers, thirty percent of whom are women.
（thirty percent of whom作主语，指人）我校大约有200 位教师，其中百分之三十是女教师。
④代词+of+ which/whom
In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad.
我发现篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。
There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.
我们班有50名学生，其中大多数来自大城市。
Norman won $50,000, half of which he gave to his parents.
诺曼赢得五万美元，他将其中一半给了他父母。
Tom tried on three shirt, none of which he was satisfied with.
汤姆试穿了三件衬衫，都不满意。
⑤最高级+of+ which/whom
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。
⑥介词+which+名词
He usually returns home at ten, at which hour his father locks all the doors and windows.
他通常十点钟回家，在这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗。
His wife got seriously ill, in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.
他的妻子病得很重，在这种情况下，他不得不放弃出国的机会。
3．关系代词前介词的选择
在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，应注意介词的正确选择。（还原成正常句子检验是否正确）
①根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。
The two things of which they felt proud were Jim's watch and Della's hair.
（they felt proud of the two things which were Jim's watch and Della's hair.）--还原句子
他们引以为豪的两样东西是吉姆的手表和德拉的头发。（feel proud of 是固定搭配词组）
In the dark street, there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。（turn to sb. for help 是固定搭配词组）
②根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。
I'll never forget the day on which I first met him.
我永远忘不了我第一次遇见他的那一天。(the day 前面一般用介词on)
Can you imagine a proper situation in which the expression can be used
你能设想一个使用这个词语的场合吗？(a situation 前面一般用in)
③有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。
Galileo made a telescope through which he could study the sky.
伽里略制作了一个望远镜，通过它他得以研究天空。(study the sky through the telescope)
Is that the house in which you once lived?
那就是你曾经住过的房子吗？(live in the house)
④根据所要表达的意思来确定。
This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.
这是我的眼镜，离了它我什么也看不清。
注意：
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
I, who am your best friend, will do all that I can to help you.
我是你的好朋友，我会尽我一切所能来帮你。
The family, who are fond of music, go to the concert once a month.
这家人很爱音乐，他们每月都去听一次音乐会。
He is one of the boys in our class who speak English well.
他是班上英语说得很好的男生之一。（one of +复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数形式）He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.
他是班上唯一英语说得很好的男生。（the (only) one the very one the right one of +复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用单数形式）
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where 或why 等。when, where, why 分别在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which 结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。
A．when
指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when= on which)
He came at a time when we needed him most.
他是在我们最需要他的时候来的。(when= at which)
We will never forget the year 1949, when the People's Republic of China was founded.
我们永远忘不了1949 年，那是中华人民共和国成立的一年。(when= in which)
B．where
指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
I recently went back to the town where I was born.
我最近曾回过一次我出生的城市。(where = in which)
I would like to live in a country where there is plenty of sunshine.
我想住在一个阳光充足的国家。(where = in which)
What's the name of the place where you spent your holiday
你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？(where = at which)
C．why
指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
请告诉我你误机的原因。(why = for which)
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.
他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。
注意:
无论是关系代词，还是关系副词，都在定语从句中取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。【误】This is the book that I borrowed it yesterday.
【正】This is the book that I borrowed yesterday.
这就是我昨天借的书。（that 在定语从句中取代了先行词the book，作borrowed 的宾语，因此，要去掉it）【误】The English Corner is the place where people often go there to practice their spoken English.
【正】The English Corner is the place where people often go to practice their spoken English.
英语角是人们经常去练习英语口语的地方。（where 在定语从句中取代了先行词the place，作go 的状语，因此，要去掉there）
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
根据定语从句在句中所起的作用，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。
A．限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。
This is the boy who broke the window.
这就是打破窗子的孩子。（the boy 是先行词，who broke the window 是限制性定语从句，明确指出the boy 是打破窗子的那个孩子）
I have a book which teaches English grammar.
我有一本讲解英语语法的书。（a book 是先行词，which teaches English grammar 是限制性定语从句，修饰the book）
The people whom you met in the hall are from Japan.
你在大厅见到的那些人来自日本。（定语从句whom you met in the hall 定先行词the people）
B．非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。
I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.
我是你的朋友，将与你分担这项工作。（I 是先行词，who am your friend 是非限制性定语从句，对先行词I 起附加说明的作用）
New Concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to us all.
新概念英语是专为外国学生编写的，这是我们大家都知道的。（which is known to us all 是非限制性定语从句，对主句作进一步的补充说明）
C．在下列情况下，通常使用非限制性定语从句。
1．当先行词表示的是世界上独一无二的人或物时。--指示意义很明确。
The sun, which gives us light and heat, is a fixed star.
太阳是一颗恒星，它给我们光和热。
Last year I visited the People's Great Hall, where many important meetings are held every year.
去年我参观了人民大会堂，每年许多重要会议都要在那里举行。
2．当定语从句修饰整个主句时。
Taiwan belongs to China, as everyone knows.
众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。
The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.
天气非常糟糕，这点们没有料到。
3．当先行词是专有名词，或先行词本身指示意义十分明确时。
Mr. Joe lives in Beijing now, which is quite a long way from here.
乔先生现在住在北京，那里距离这儿很远。
I congratulate my neighbor, whose son has just won the election.
我祝贺我的邻居，他的儿子刚刚赢得选举。
四、关系代词和关系副词的选用
引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选用，比较复杂除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物，所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的，以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成份外，还要根据习惯用法而定。A．只用who
在下列情况下，一般不能用that 代替who。
1．在非限制定语从句中。
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。
2．先行词是one, anyone, those 时。
One who has nothing to fear for himself dares to tell the truth.
一个无所畏惧的人敢说真话。
Anyone who breaks the law shall be published.
任何犯法的人都将受到惩罚。
Those who are against the plan put up your hands please.
凡是反对这项计划的人，请举手。
3．在there/here be 开头的句子中。
Here is a boy who wants to see you.
有个男孩想见你。
4．先行词与定语从句被其他词所分隔时。
Don't tell anyone about the secret who oughtn't to know. - -起说明强调指人的作用
不要把这秘密告诉任何一个不该知道它的人。
I was the only person in my office who was invited.
我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。
B．只用which/whom
在下列情况下，一般不能用that 代替which/whom。
1．在非限制性定语从句中。
The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.
天气非常糟糕，这我们没有料到。
2．介词后面。关系代词紧跟在介词或短语介词后面，只能用which 或whom，不能用that。
He climbed up to the top of a large rock, from which he got a good view.
他爬到一块巨大的岩石顶上，从那里他看到很好的景色。（也可用from where）
Sound is a tool, by means of which people communicate with each other.
声音是工具，人们通过这个工具进行交流。
They asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn't answer.
他们问了我许多问题，大部分我都不会回答。
C．只用that
在下列情况下，限制性定语从句中一般只用that 引导
1．当先行词为everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little 等词时，或当先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等词修饰时。
Everything that they said was true.
他所说的一切都是真的。
He is dead and there's nothing that can be done.
他死了，再也没有什么办法了。
There was little that we could do to help her.
我们没有什么能帮助她的。
These walls are all that remain of the ancient city.
这些墙是这座古城所残存下来的全部。
提示：
something 后面可用which 引导定语从句。
There is something(which/that) I'd like to tell you. 有些事我想告诉你。
2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place (that作宾语) they visited in London was the Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
She was probably the hardest working student (that) I have ever taught.
她也许是我教学生中学习最勤奋的。
3．当先行词被the very, the only 修饰时。
This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.
这正是我要买的语法书。
Beauty is the only thing (that) Emily can be proud of.
美丽是埃米莉唯一能骄傲的东西。
4．当先行词为who 或前面有who, which 等疑问代词时。
Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense.
有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的事情？
Who is the man that is standing by the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most.
哪件T 恤衫最合我的身？
5．当先行词为人与事物或动物时。
The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered.
掉入河里的司机与车都还没有找到。
The boy and his dog that were believed to be lost in the wood were rescued this morning. 被认为在森林里迷路的孩子与狗，今天早上已经获救了。
6．先行词在定语从句中做表语时。
She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be.
她再也不是过去那个甜美的女孩了。
He is not the man (that) he seems.
他这人不貌相。
提示：
关系词在定语从句中有三大作用
1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
I gave her all the money that I had. 我把我所有的钱都给了她。（that 连接先行词money 和定语从句I had）
2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
The man who lives next door is a famous teacher. 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（who 替代the man）
3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style. 我喜欢传统的中国画。（which 在定语从句中作主语）
D．关系副词与关系代词的选择
当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所担当的句子成分来决定。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.
我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。（when 作状语）
I will never forget the days which we spent together.
我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。（which 作we spent 宾语）
I know a place where we can have a picnic.
我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。（where 作状语）
I know a place which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。（which 作主语）
E．关系词的省略
在下列情况下，关系代词或关系副词在非正式文体中可以省略。
1．关系代词that, which, who, whom 在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。
Are these keys (that/ which) you were looking for
这是你正在寻找的钥匙吗？
The man (who/that) I was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time.
飞机上坐在我旁边的那个人一直在喋喋不休。
2．以the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which 或that 引导，而且通常可以省略。
I don't like the way (that /in which) she walks. - -in the way
我不喜欢她走路的样子。
The way (that /in which) he answered the questions was surprising.
他回答这些问题的方式令惊奇。
3．在the time when, the place where, the reason why 结构中，when, where, why 可省略。
I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.
我永远不能忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
That's the place (where) he stayed when he was in the country.
那就是他在乡下呆过的地方。
F．定语从句与强调句型的区别
1．强调句型中的it 是个引导词，本身没有意义。如果去掉it is/was that，句子结构仍然完整，句意也完整。定语从句中it 是指示代词，做主句的主语。如果去掉it is/was that，虽然句子结构不完整，但是意思完整。It is a question that needs careful consideration.
这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。（定语从句）
It is novels that she enjoys reading. （强调句型）
她喜欢阅读的是小说。（=She enjoys reading novels）
2．在强调句中被强调的部分还可以是副词、介词短语或从句；在定语从句中先行词一般是名词、代词或名词短语。
It was because she was ill that we decided to return. （强调句型）
-We decided to return because she was ill.
正是因为她生病了，我们才决定回来。
Was it in this palace that the last emperor died （强调句型）
那位末朝皇帝是在这个宫殿里死的吗？
Was it this palace where the last emperor died （定语从句）
这是那位末朝皇帝死的宫殿吗？
3．有些强调句型中含有一个定语从句，这往往给理解带来一定的难度。解决方法是仔细分析that 或who 在句中的作用。
It was in the lab that was set up last year that they finished the experiment.
They finished the experiment in the lab that/which was set up last year.
他们是在去年建造的实验室里完成这个实验的。（that was set up last year 是定语从句，that 在从句中作主语，并可被which 替换）
It was the students who came from our school that won the first prize in the contest.
是来自我们学校的学生获得了竞赛一等奖。（who came from our school 是定语从句who 在从句中作主语）G．定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1．定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，起限定作用。而同位语从句等同于它所修饰的名词，是名词性的，其功能是对所修饰的名词作补充说明。
It is a fact (that) you can't deny.
这是一个你不能否认的事实。（定语从句）
It is a fact that she has done her best.
她尽了最大的努力，这是事实。（同位语从句）
2．定语从句中that指代先行词，在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当某个句子成分，在作宾语时通常可省略。而在同位语从句中，that 只起连接主句和从句的作用，无意义，在从句中不充当句子成分，一般不可省。The news (that) we heard spread all over the school campus.
我们听到的消息传遍了校园。（定语从句）
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。（同位从句）_
定语从句专项知识点总结汇总
定语从句专项知识点总结汇总 - 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有：when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换). 例如： Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：
2020考研语法指导：定语从句详解
2020考研语法指导：定语从句详解 定语从句是英语学习的难点，也是考研英语考查的重点。掌握考研英语的定语从句需要掌握以下几个方面： 一、定义 定语从句是指在句中做定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。 二、定语从句的结构 定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which , that, as 和关系副词when, where, why 等引导。 一）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1） who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中做主语和宾语。例如：Is he the m an who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中做主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中做宾语） （2） whose用作关系词表示所属格，也可看作是关系形容词，因 为它后面必须接一个名词连用。不能单独使用。例如:
? They rushed over to help the man whose car had broke n down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 (3) which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。作宾语时常可省略。例如： ? A prosperitywhich / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside? 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) 二)关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 (1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which ”结构，所以常常和“介词+ which ”结构交替使用。例如： There are occasionswhen (on which )one must yield? 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the placewhere in which ) I was born?北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why ( for which )he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们协助他的理由吗？ (2)that代替关系副词，能够用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which ”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
最新高中英语语法定语从句总复习
高中英语语法定语从句总复习 郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫 作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分 概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
高考近5年全国卷真题语法专项-定语从句
定语从句 一．考点概述： 本考点是历年高考中考查的重点，主要考查关系代词(who, which,that,whose,whom)和关系副词（when, where, why）的用 法；考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难 句的分析等 二．考点聚焦 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 例如： He is the man who studies in USA. 本句中涉及到三个概念： 1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样 可作先行词。 2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用 引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom 关系副词：when;where;why 3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。 三．考点精讲 1. 关系代词 : who;which; that; whom; whose 其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况 (1)who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)
She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2)which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3)that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4)whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的) (5)whose:指代从句中缺定语的情况（表示所属关系） That is the building whose windows broke last night.(本句中的windows是属于 the building构成一种所属关系即缺少building’s) 2.关系副词：when;where;why(该三个词主要用于从句是不缺主语或是宾语的情况 即从句是个完整句) (1) when:指代先行词表时间如：time；month;year;occasion等(形式上等于介词 +which) I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.(该从句是一个完整的句子，先行词是the day在从句中需要加个介词on来做状语的成分即I came to Beijing on the day) (2)where :指代先行词是地点的词如：place;house;school;也可以是模糊的词如：point;stage;work;situation等(形式上等于介词+which) That is the place where/in which I was born .(该从句I was born也是一个完整句，即不缺主语或宾语的，此时where可以换成in which) (3)why:指代先行词是表原因的词即：reason（形式上只能是等于for+which) That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.
英语定语从句简单总结
英语定语从句简单总结 英语定语从句简单总结怎么写？相信很多人都想知道吧？以下是小编为您整理的英语定语从句简单总结相关资料，欢迎阅读！ 英语定语从句简单总结 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有：when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换). 例如：Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which / that在句中作宾语)
英语语法讲解之定语从句
英语语法讲解之定语从句 时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用)： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children，two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.) We have three books，none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
九年级英语语法定语从句专题复习
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定语从句语法讲解教学内容
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2020届 二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案 (1)
定语从句
必备知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句： 一．who、whom、whose引导的定语从句
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定语从句语法讲解教学内容.docx
Unit 9 语法导学案：定语从句专题讲解 一、基本概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is thehouse where h e lived ten years ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有： that, who, whom, whose, which， as 关系副词有： when, where, why. 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括 that，which，who（宾格 whom，所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括 where，when，why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从 句的重要成分。定语从句的谓语动词由先行词来决定。三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定 语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍 完整。 四、关系代词的用法 关系代词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人，也指物主语、宾语 which指物（相当于 that）主语、宾语 who指人（相当于 that）主语 whom指人宾语 whose既指人，也指物定语 1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语 时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle玛.丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（ that 作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue我.放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that 作宾语）
必考英语语法——限定性定语从句
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定语从句用法归纳完整版
定语从句用法归纳标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]
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高中英语必修一语法讲解 定语从句(1)
定语从句（1） 概念引入： She is the girl who sings best of all. 她是所有人中唱得最好的。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。 Give me the book whose cover is green. 把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。 定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。 语法点拨【高清课堂：定语从句一P1】， 定语从句的定义 Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？ The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good. 他前天买的那本书很棒。 He is the man whom we should learn from. 他就是我们应该学习的人。 Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。 其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：上面例子中的关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football. （who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语） There is still much homework which we must finish. （which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语） 关系代词引导的定语从句 I. who和whom 1. who和whom代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用who引导，作宾语时用whom引导。The girl who is singing is my best friend. 正在唱歌的女孩是我最好的朋友。 （who代替先行词the girl在从句中作主语） His friend who works as a doctor is very interesting. 他那当医生的朋友很有趣。
高中英语语法定语从句
第 11 章定语从句 第 11 章 ...................................... 1．先行词和关系词 ................................. 2．定语从句的种类 ................................. 3．关系代词如何引导定语从句 ....................... 4．各种关系代词的使用方法 ......................... 5．关系代词与介词·关系代词的省略 ................. 6．非限定性定语从句中的关系代词 ................... 7．关系副词的定义与用法 ........................... 8． as 引导的定语从句 .............................. 9．定语从句中需注意事项 ........................... 10．定语从句和同位语从句的区别 .................... 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、副词、不定式、介 词短语等来担任，如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语 从句，因为主要由形容词担任定语，所以也可以称它为形容词性从句。 定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，还能修饰整个主句或主句的一部分。 第一个来的人是迈克。 你给我的毛巾不干净。 我父亲每天做早操，这点对他的身体有好处。 这就是我去年住过的房子。 1 先行词和关系词 （关系代词和关系副词的定义与作用） 1 定语从句的构成 （爱冒险的青年人） 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系 词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。定语从句都在它所修饰的先行 词的后面（后置）。（这一点和汉语不同，汉语中的定语都放在被修饰 的名词或代词的前面。） 2 关系词的作用 两个简单句 Thank you for the record.+You gave me the record. 主从复合句 谢谢你给我的录音机。 Thank you for the record that/which you gave me the record.… (× ) Thank you for the record that/which you gave it to me.… (× ) 关系代词起着代词和连词的作用。关系副词起着副词或介词短语和 连词的作用。 在从句中它们既代替前面的先行词在句子里担任一定的成分，又把 两个句子连接起来构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。请看上面例句。说明 关系代词 that/which 紧跟在先行词 record 的后面引导定语从句。 关系代词 that/which 在从句中既代替先行词 record 在句子里担任宾语，（该定语从句原应为 You gave me the record.）又起着连词的作用把两
高考英语定语从句难点总结归纳
高考英语定语从句陷阱题总结归纳 ◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 1.The factory was built in a secret place,around______high mountains. A.which was B.it was C.which were D.them were 【陷阱】容易误选A或B,将A、B中的which和it误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C,around which were high mountains是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句,而在该从句中,主语是high mountains,around which是表语,所以句子谓语应用复数were,而不是用单数was.请做以下类例题目(答案均为C: (1Yesterday we visited a modern hospital,around_______some fruit shops. A.which is B.it is C.which are D.them are (2The murder happened in an old building,beside______the city police station. A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are (3Next month we’ll move to a new building,next to_______a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are 2.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked,“Is there a hospital around______I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A.that B.which C.where D.what 【陷阱】容易误选B,认为around是介词,选which用以代替前面的名词hospital,在此用作介词around的宾语。 【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错,但问题是,照此分析,此句的意思即为:有没有这样一个医院,我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤?这样的语境显然有点不合情理,因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤,而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C的理由是:句中的around不是介词,而是副词,意为“在附近”;其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital,句意为:附近有没有一家医院,我可以去治我的手伤? 3._____is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month. A.It