(完整word版)高中英语情态动词导学案
Learning procedure: To study main points and master the usage
Ⅰ.can, could，be able to 译为“能、可能”
1) 表示能力
Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldn’t use the computer last year.
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
总结：表示现在的能力用，表示过去的能力用.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用，不能用can。表示“将来能”用。
2) 表示请求和允许。
-----Can I go now?
----- Yes, you can.（No, you can’t. ）
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
总结：could 不是can的过去式，只是语气，在答语中用代替。
3) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于和句中。
Can that be Mike? I thought he was in Greece. This can’t be done by him.
I thought the story could not be true.
偶尔用语肯定句中译为“有时候会…”，表示大部分时间不是这样，只是偶尔发生的事情。
It can be very cold in this part.
4) could have done用在句中可以表示本来能做某事但没做，can/could have done用在和句子中表示对过去情况的推测。
I saw Mr.Zhang just now. He couldn’t have gone to Beijing.
You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.You can’t have lef t so soon.
5) 常用句式总结
①can +否定词+too/enough表示
You can’t be too careful.你越小心越好
You can’t remember enough English words.你记越多的英语单词越好。
②can’t but do sth表示
I can’t but admire your bravery.我不得不佩服你的勇气I could not but choose to go.
Ⅱ.may, might译为“也许”
1) 表示请求和允许。
----Might/ May I smoke in this room? ---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room? ---- Yes, you may. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
总结：might比may语气，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用或，表示“不可以，禁止”
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed! 祝你成功祝你快乐！
3) 表示推测、可能性。
He may /might be very busy now. Your mother may /might not know the truth.
总结：表示推测用于和句中，疑问句用代替。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may 。
可能做了某事(猜测) He may/might have gone home.
You might have told me earlier!你本可以早点告诉我(实际没有告诉) might have done 表示“过去本可以做某事而没有做。
5) 常用句式总结
①不妨，倒不如You may as well ask him. You might as well stay with us.
②很可能He may well be proud of his son. We might well get injured.
Ⅲ.must译为“必须”, have to译为“不得不”
1) 表示必须、必要
You must come here on time. I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today? ---- Yes, you must.（No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.）
总结：①表示义务即必须时must强调主观，而have to 强调需要。must只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。
②在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.
3) 表示推测、可能，只能用于句中。其中must have done表示
You’re Tom’s good fr iend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now.
I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.
4) 表示“偏偏”表示很不巧，通常都是令人不愉快的事。
翻译句子：We were ready to leave, but the baby must catch cold.
Ⅳ.need译为“需要”
1）You needn’t come so early. ---- Need I finish the work today? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
总结：need 作情态动词用时, 常用于和句中。
表示Tom needn’t have done it yesterday.
作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。
The house needs to be painted. Students need to finish their homework today.
Ⅴ.shall
1) shall 用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示说话人：。
What shall we do this evening? What shall he do next?
2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的。
You shall fail if you don’t work hard. He shall have the book when I finish it. He shall be punished.
Ⅵ.should, ought to译为“应该”
1) 表示劝告、建议。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
翻译句子：You should / ought to go to class right away.
2. Should I open the window?
2) 表示推测通常指有事实依据，常理推断
It’s nearly seven o’clock. He ought to/should be home by now.
3）should表示惊讶、遗憾有时与why/who/how等疑问词连用译成“居然、竟然”
翻译句子：why should you think so?
4) should/ought to have done 表示否定形式表示
You should/ought to have paid more attention to your lessons. Tom shouldn’t/ought not to have told me secret.
Ⅶ.will, would译为“愿意、要”
1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。I will never do that again. They asked him if he would go abroad.
3) 区分would和used to
During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. She would play here.
When we were children, we would/ used to go skating every winter.
He used to like you. He used to be a quiet boy. I used to get up early.（过去起早，现在可能不起早了）
总结：当表示过去习惯性的动作时，二者。used to可以与状态动词连用，表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。若强调过去与现在的对比，用。
4) will 常用与第三人称表示习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water.
5)would like/love have done本打算做sth但做了别的事情。
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
Ⅷ .dare译为“敢”
1）She daren’t even look out. Dare you go school by yourself? 总结：dare 作情态动词用时, 常用于和句中。dare的特殊句式“我想、我猜”I dare say he will come.
巩固训练
一、基础题（level A）
1总结：猜测: must, may, might, can, could
用于肯定句,非常肯定的猜测是；
用于肯定句,表示可能的猜测是
用于否定/疑问句,过去时用could的是；
表示预测“应当” 的是
2翻译下列情态动词的否定形式
mustn’t；
needn’t (=don’t have to)
can’t；
may not ；
shouldn’t（=ought not to）
3总结：情态动词+ have done
本应该做而没做；
本不该某事而做了
本可以做而没做；
不必做的做了
可能做了某事(猜测) ；
一定做了(猜测)
一定没有做(猜测)
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二、强化题（level B）
( )1. ---May I sit beside you, sir?
--- No, you ______. My girlfriend is coming soon.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
( )2.-- _____ I speak to Mary, please?
--S orry, she____ come to the phone because she isn’t in.
A. Might; won’t
B. Can’t; mustn’t
C. May; can’t
D. Couldn’t; shouldn’t
( )3. --- I want to know if I _ smoke here.
--- No, you____ . Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there?
A. can; needn’t
B. must; can’t
C. shall; won’t
D. may; mustn’t
( )4. My wife never remembers my telephone number. She always ____ look it up.
A. must
B. should
C. would
D. has to
( )5. --- ____ you pass me the English magazine, please? --- Sure. Here you are.
A. Could
B. Need
C. Must
D. Might
三、提升题（level C）
( )1. A computer ___think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t
B. couldn’t
C. may not
D. might not
( )2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.
A. had to
B. would
C. could
D. was able to
( )3.--Where is my uncle, Mary? --He ___ in the bedroom.
A. must have been
B. must be
C. may have been
D. should have been
( )4.Peter ___ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must
B. may
C. can
D. will
( )5. --That must be a mistake. --No, it ___ a mistake.
A. must not be
B. needn’t be
C. can not be
D. would not be
( )6. It’s nearly 7 o’clock. Dad ___ come home soon.
A. can
B. could
C. would
D. should
( )7.--Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
--I’m not sure. I ___ go to the concert tonight.
A. must
B. would
C. should
D. might
( )8..I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ___ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken
B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken
D. couldn’t have spoken ( )9.Johnny, you___ play with the knife, you ___ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t
B. mustn’t; may
C. shouldn’t, must
D. can’t; shouldn’t
( )10.I didn’t hear the phone. I ___ asleep.
A. must be
B. must have been
C. should be
D. should have been
四、实战演练（level D）
( )1. It’s nearly seven o’clock . Jack ___ be here at any moment.
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. could
( )2. They will ______ run this machine on their own in three months.
A. can
B. could
C. may
D. be able to
( )3. That big cinema ______ seat 2,000 people.
A. can
B. should
C. ought to
D. is able to
( )4. — Could I borrow your dictionary? — Yes, of course you _______.
A. might
B. will
C. can
D. should
( )5. — Might I watch TV after supper? — Yes, you ________.
A. may
B. must
C. might
D. can
1) 表示能力总结：表示现在的能力用can ，表示过去的能力用could.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用was able to ，不能用can。表示“将来能”用will be able to 。
2) 表示请求和允许。总结：could 不是can的过去式，只是语气更委婉，在答语中用can 代替。
3) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句和否定句句中。
4) can/could have done 用在肯定句中可以表示本来能做某事但没做，用在疑问和否定句子中表示对过去情况的推测。
5) 常用句式总结
①can +否定词+too/enough表示越…越好、再怎么也不过分②can’t but do sth表示不得不
1) 表示请求和允许。
总结：might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用mustn’t 或can’t ，表示“不可以，禁止”。
May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed! 祝你成功祝你快乐！May you be happy!
3) 表示推测、可能性。
总结：表示推测用于肯定句和否定句句中，疑问句用can 代替。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may 小。
①不妨，倒不如may as well You may as well ask him. You might as well stay with us.
②很可能may well He may well be proud of his son. We might well get injured.
1) 表示必须、必要
总结：①表示义务即必须时must强调主观，而have to 强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。②在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t不准、禁止，而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.
3) 表示推测、可能，只能用于肯定句中。其中must have done表示可能一定做过某事
4) 表示“偏偏”表示很不巧，通常都是令人不愉快的事。
翻译句子：We were ready to leave, but the baby must catch cold.我们正准备离开，但孩子偏偏感冒了
Ⅳ.need译为“需要”
1）You needn’t come so early. ---- Need I finish the work today? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
总结：need 作情态动词用时, 常用于否定和疑问句中。
2）needn’t have done 表示本不必做某事但做了Tom needn’t have done it yesterday.
1) shall 用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示说话人：征求对方的意见。
2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的允诺、威胁、命令、警告。
Ⅵ.should, ought to译为“应该”
翻译句子：You should / ought to go to class right away. 你应该马上去上学了
2. Should I open the window? 我可以打开窗户
翻译句子：why should you think so?你为何这样想呢
4) should/ought to have done 表示过去本应该做某事而没做否定形式表示过去不该做某事却做了
总结：当表示过去习惯性的动作时，二者皆可。used to可以与状态动词连用，would 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。若强调过去与现在的对比，用used to。
Ⅷ .dare译为“敢”1）She daren’t even look out. Dare you go school by yourself? 总结：dare 作情态动词用时, 常用于否定和疑问句中。dare的特殊句式“我想、我猜” I dare say I dare say he will come.
巩固训练
用于肯定句,非常肯定的猜测是must；用于肯定句,表示可能的猜测是may用于否定/疑问句,过去时用could的是can；表示预测“应当” 的是should2翻译下列情态动词的否定形式mustn’t禁止、不准；needn’t (=don’t have to) 不必要、没必要can’t不可能；may not可能不、或许不；shouldn’t（=ought not to）不应该
3总结：情态动词+ have done
本应该做而没做should/ought to have done；本不应该做而做了shouldn’t/ought not to have done
本可以做而没做could have done；
不必做的做了needn’t have done 可能做了某事(猜测) may/might have done；一定做了(猜测)must have done 一定没有做(猜测)can’t have done
Period4:强化题：1A2C3D4D5A提升题：1A2D3B4B5C6D7D8D9B10B 实战题1C2D3A4C5A
高中英语情态动词精讲与解析
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Unit1 Friendship part 1 (new words) Learning Aims(学习目标): 1.Understand the meaning and usage of words in warming-up and reading 了解并掌握重点词汇 2.Practice using some important words in bold . Learning importance (学习重点): key words Learning procedure:： 1.add up合计，加起来；合情理 add up to加起来达到，总计为；add to增添add...to...把……加到……里 eg. 1.Add up your score and see how many points you get. 累加你的分数, 看你得多少分。 2.The numbers add up to exactly 100. 这些数字的总和恰好是100。 Exercise: The heavy rain _________the difficulty in rescuing the buried people.大雨增加了营救被掩埋群众的困难。 2.upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；v. upset，upset，upsetting 使不安；使心烦；打乱；扰乱；打翻be upset about/at/over为……烦恼It upsets sb.that...让某人心烦的是…… eg. 1.There is no point being upset about it. 犯不着为此事而难过。 2.I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to upset you. 对不起, 我没想要让你不高兴。 3.It upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about that.让他不高兴的是, 谁也没把那件事告诉他。 4.She was upset that he had left without saying goodbye. 他的不辞而别让她感到不安。 夯实基础 (1)用upset的适当形式填空 ①She sounded _______________when I said you couldn’t come. 3.ignore v.不理睬；忽视；不顾 ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道out of ignorance出于无知ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的；不知道的be ignorant of不知道…… eg.1. You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. 你会不顾铃声, 而是去某个安静的地方安慰你的朋友。 2.We can’t afford to ignore their advice. 我们不能不考虑他们的劝告。 夯实基础(1)用ignore的适当形式填空 ①They fought a long battle against prejudice and_______________. 4.calm adj.镇静的，沉着的(not excited，upset，etc.)；风平浪静的；无风的；v.(使)平静，(使)镇静calm sb.down使某人平静下来keep/be/stay calm保持镇静calm down平静 镇静 下来 eg. 1.We waited inside until things calmed down. 我们待在室内等着, 直到一切都恢复了平静。 2.He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down. 他深深吸了几口气, 使自己平静下来。 3.It is important to keep calm in the face of danger. 在面临危险时, 保持镇静是重要的。Exercise:（1）I t is not easy to ____ the excited man _____. 5.concern v.影响 ；涉及 与……有关 be connected with ；让 某人 担忧 be worried about ；n.担心，忧虑；关心concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的；感兴趣的as far as sb.be concerned就某人而言 concerning prep.关于 eg.1.Can you tell us what concerns you most? 你能告诉我们什么让你最担忧吗? 2.More and more people are showing concern for the safety of school buses.越来越多的人在关注校车的安全问题。 3.As far as I’m concerned, I disagree with his idea. 就我个人而言, 我不同意他的想法。Exercise: It is love and __________that have brought about the great changes. 6.go through经历，经受 experience ；仔细查看 go o ver ； 法律等 通过；用完 use up ；浏览 look through get through通过；接通电话；用完look through浏览；往……里面看break through冲破；突破 eg.1.The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died. 这个可怜的女孩自父母去世后经历了许多苦难。 2.The doctor will go through the operation soon. 那位医生很快就会做完手术了。 3.I went through the students’ papers last night. 昨晚我仔细阅读了学生们的论文。 7.set down放下 put down ；记下 write down ；登记；让……下车 set off动身；引爆；引起set up竖立；建立；张贴set an example树立榜样be set in以……为背景eg.1.You had better set down your idea before you forget it. 你最好把你的想法写下来, 以免忘记。2.She has set a good example for us. Exercise: 1.The bus stopped to _____________an old lady. 公共汽车停下来让一位老太太下车。 2.Please help me _____________the names of all the students. 请帮我把所有学生的名字都登记下来。 8.in order to为了 in order not to do...为了不做…so as to do...为了做…in order that/so that后接从句，为了…… eg 1.In order to pass the exam, he studied even harder. 为了通过考试, 他学习更加努力。 2.He went to sleep early in order to get up early the next day. 为了第二天早起, 他早早地就睡觉了。Exercise: 1..__________________encourage the students to take outdoor exercise ，our school organized a mountain-climbing on April 10. 为了鼓励学生进行户外锻炼，我们学校在四月十号组织了爬山。 特别提醒 in order to与so as to都可以表示目的，但so as to不能用于句首，而in order to既可置于句首，也可置于句中。两者都可转换成in order that/so that引导的状语从句。 9.power n.能力；力量；权力；动力 come to/into power掌权；上台in one’s power在某人的掌控中
高一英语情态动词专题复习
情态动词 情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，2005年全国17套高考试题对此都有考查。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。 一、情态动词表推测 1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。 ①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. （2005年安徽卷） A. shall B. must C. may D. can ②—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake. —It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. （2005年广东卷） A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be ③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷） A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped ④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷） A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to 2. 否定推测分为两种情况： 1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。 You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture. （2004年上海春季卷） A. must B. shall C. may D. need 2）否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。 ①—Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. —Well. He ______ have gone far——his coat’s still here.（2005年湖北卷） A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t ②— Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there? — No, it _______ be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. （2004年全国卷Ⅰ） A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not 3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。 Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷） A. can B. should C. may D. must 4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。 ①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.（2005年重庆卷） A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done ②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷）