中央财经大学考博英语真题复习备考经验总结
中央财经大学考博英语真题复习备考经验总结历年考试虽然形式变化，内容各异，但许多经验是一致的，值得借鉴。对往年真题进行分析研究，可以熟悉实战中的谋篇布局与主题展开，利于提高应试能力。下面我们以考题为例,谈一谈内容。需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
Section II Use of English
Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.Theories(21)____ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22)____they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through(23)____with
others.Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in(24)____to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status(25)____as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,(26)____the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.The latter may commit crimes(27) ____lack of adequate parental control.All theories,however,are tentative and are(28)____to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly(29)____juvenile crime rates.For example,changes in the economy that(30)____to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment(31)____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.The resulting discontent may in(32)____lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also(33)____changes these years.More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;(34)____, children are likely to have less supervision at home(35)____was common in the traditional family(36)____.This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other(37)____causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school,the increased(38)____of drugs and alcohol,and the growing(39)____of child abuse and child neglect.All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,(40)____a direct causal relationship has not yet been
established.
21.
[A]acting
[B]relying
[C]centering
[D]cementing
22.
[A]before
[B]unless
[C]until
[D]because
23.
[A]interactions
[B]assimilation
[C]cooperation
[D]consultation
24.
[A]return
[B]reply
[C]reference
[D]response
25.
[A]or
[B]but rather
[D]or else
26.
[A]considering
[B]ignoring
[C]highlighting
[D]discarding
27.
[A]on
[B]in
[C]for
[D]with
28.
[A]immune
[B]resistant
[C]sensitive
[D]subject
29.
[A]affect
[B]reduce
[C]chock
[D]reflect
30.
[A]point
[C]come
[D]amount
31.
[A]in general
[B]on average
[C]by contrast
[D]at length
32.
[A]case
[B]short
[C]turn
[D]essence
33.
[A]survived
[B]noticed
[C]undertaken
[D]experienced
34.
[A]contrarily
[B]consequently
[C]similarly
[D]simultaneously
35.
[A]than
[B]that
[C]which
[D]as
36.
[A]system
[B]structure
[C]concept
[D]heritage
37.
[A]assessable
[B]identifiable
[C]negligible
[D]incredible
38.
[A]expense
[B]restriction
[C]allocation
[D]availability
39.
[A]incidence
[B]awareness
[C]exposure
[D]popularity
40.
[A]provided
[B]since
[C]although
[D]supposing
21.C/centering(着重于、突出、强调)。本题的答案线索是本文第一段第1句的谓语动词“focus on”(强调、着重、把中心置于……、聚焦于……)。本题选项A、B、D和介词on搭配使用后的含义分别是“作用于……”、“依赖于”和“评论、评述”。
22.D/because(由于，因为)。本题的答案线索是本文第一段第1句中的“causes”(原因)一词，该词提示考生本文探讨有关青少年犯罪(juvenile delinquency/criminal behavior)“原因”的理论学说。由于22题前的内容是“青少年从事犯罪行为”，22题就应选用表达“原因”之类的词语。本题A、B、C选项的含义分别是“在……之前”、“除非”、“直到”。
23.A/interaction(交往、互动)。俗话说：近墨者黑。23题空白处之前的内容是“青少年沾染上了犯罪行为”，空白处的内容是“与其他的人”，故答案线索明确暗示：与其他人的“来往”/“交往”。本题B、C、D选项的含义分别是“同化，吸收”、“合作”、“咨询”。
24.D/response(反应)。本题答案线索仍然是本文第一段第1句中“causes”(原因)一词。全文涉及青少年犯罪原因的理论，这是全文的中心灵魂，也是解题的根本点。24题空白处前面的内容是“青少年犯罪“，空白处后面的内容是他们失败了，空白前后又是一对因果关系，故选项D“(in) response(to)…”(对……的行为反应)是正确选项。本文A、B、C选项的
含义分别是“归还;回报”、“回答，回复”、“参考”。
25.A/or(或者)。本题的答案线索有两条。其一是上一句话中构成两个“that”宾语从句平行的连词“or”。其二是本句中25题空白前后的两个介词短语“in…”和“as…”。“or”使这两个介词短语形成了介词短语的平行结构。本题B、C、D选项的含义分别是“然而”、“但是”、“否则;要不然”。
26.B/ignoring(忽略，忽视)。选项B是现在分词形式，在本句中充当伴随状语，修饰其前主语中的谓语动词“focused on”(强调，突出，聚焦于……)。本题的答案线索：26题空白处前的含义是“把目光/注意力放在贫困家庭青少年的犯罪”，空白处后的含义是来自富裕家庭青少年的犯罪，“贫困”和“富裕”本身就是鲜明的对立，十分注意(focused)前者的时候就不可避免地“忽略”(ignoring)后者。故选项B是正确选项。本题A、
C、D选项的含义分别是“考虑”、“强调，突出”、“扔掉，抛弃”。
27.C/for(因为，由于)。本题的答案线索再次回到第一段第1句的“causes”(原因)一词。27题空白处前的含义是“青少年犯罪”，空白处后的含义是“缺乏父母的管教”，显而易见，这又是一对因果关系，又是本题灵魂的再现，故选项C是正确选项。本题on,in,with选项均不能和本题空白处的“lack”搭配使用，尤其值得一提的是虽然选项C中的“with”有“因为”的含义，但在此处无法和“lack”一词搭配使用。
28.D/subject(易遭受到……)。本题答案线索有两条。其一是选项中截然相反的或对立的一对选项中大概有一个选项是正确的。本题中选项
A(immune)和选项D(subject)正是如此的一对。第二条线索是本句中的连词“and”，这个“and”在本句中构成了其前后两个词的“因果”关系。由于所有理论都是“尝试性的，没有定论的”(tentative)，故所有理论通常会
“遭受到批评和质疑”(subject to criticism)。本题A、B、C选项的含义是“免于……”、“抵抗……”、“敏感的”。
29.A/affect(影响)。本题答案线索又一次返回到本文第一段第1句的“causes”一词。全文谈论有关青少年犯罪原因的理论。故“追本求源”是本文解题时永恒的主线。29题空白处前的社会结构的变化与空白处后的“青少年犯罪率”又是一对因果关系，故选项A(affect/影响)是正确选项。本题B、C、D选项的含义分别是“减少”、“抑制”、“反映”。
30.B/lead(导致)。本题答案线索与上一题相同。30题空白处前的“经济变化”与空白处后的“日益减少的就业机会”又是一对
“causes”(因)和“effect”(果)关系。故选项B(lead to导致)是正确答案。本题的A、C、D选项的含义分别是“指向”、“到来”、“总数达……”。
31.A/in general(一般，通常)。31题空白处前的“上升的失业率”与空白处后的“使好工作日益难寻”，在逻辑上再形成了“因果”关系。由于本段第1句和尾句均运用了情态动词“may”，故31题的空白处最好使用一个与这两个“may”相呼应的语气词，以构成本段“语气”上的连贯。在四个选项A(in general一般地，大体上)，B(on average平均，通常)，C(by contrast相比而言)和D(at length最后;详尽地;长久地)中，只有A中的“in general”和“may”的语气较为接近。
32.C/(in)turn反过来。本题答案线索是：社会经济变化→青年失业或难找工作→青年的不满情绪→青年的犯罪。这是一个因果关系的链条。所以最后选定“(in)turn”(反过来)是由于本段主题句中修饰谓语动词“lead to”(导致)一词的副词“indirectly”(间接地)。只有选项C才能准确表达主题句中副词“indirectly”这一因果层次关系。本题A、B、D
的选项分别是“假使;免得，以防(万一)”、“简言之”、“在本质上”。
33.D/experienced(经历)。本题答案线索是本段第2句“更多的家庭是单亲家庭……”意味着传统的家庭模式发生了变化。故在33题空白处前的“families”(家庭)与空白处后的“changes”(变化)之间应该填入足以体现已经“历经”家庭变化的谓语动词。在本题四个选项A(survived/存活)，B(noticed/注意到)，C(undertaken/承担;从事)和D(experienced /经历)中，只有选项D最符合原文的含义。
34.B/consequently(结果)。本题答案线索是：34题空白处前后的两句话客观上是前因后果关系，故选用B。本题A、C、D选项的含义分别是“相反”、“类似”、“同时地”。
35.A/than(比)。本题答案线索是35题空白处前的“less”一词。这是比较级“less…than”结构。
36.B/structure(结构)。本题答案线索：本段谈论家庭所经历的变化，本段第2句的动词“consist of…”(构成，组成)暗示考生本段具体涉及家庭“结构”(structure)变化对青少年的影响。36题空白前的“traditional”(传统的)一词再一次暗示考生答案应该是“旧
的”(traditional)家庭“结构”(structure)。故选项B是正确答案。本题
A、C、D选项的含义分别是“系统，体系”、“概念”、“遗产”。
37.B/identifiable(可辨认的;可看作是相同的)。这是本次英语知识运用考题中较难的一题。37题空白后的“causes”(原因)一词将考生的答案线索，再一次引回到了本文第一段的第1句，该句是全文的灵魂句，其含义是“有关青少年过失(年轻人犯罪)原因的许多理论或者聚焦(focus on)于个体或者聚焦(focus on…)于社会……”。也就是说：不同的理论将不同的方面视为其有关犯罪解释的原因，各种理论都寻找出了原因，只是
“focus”(视点)不一致，但毕竟都是各种理论的倡导者用眼和心发现并关注的原因。故37题空白处应该是一个与“focus on”在含义上相近的词，表示“发现，关注”之含义。37题空白处之前的“other”一词暗示本句是一个总结句，意思是“人们所关注或注意到(focus on)的其它原因还有……”。故在本题四个选项A(assessable/可评价或评估的)，
B(identifiable/可辨认的;可看作是相同的)，C(negligible/可以忽略的，不予重视的)和D(incredible/难以置信的)中，只有选项B在中心主题连贯和中心思想表达上与“focus on”(关注，聚焦)这一视觉动词相互连贯和呼应。
38.D/availability(可获得性、可得到性)。本题答案线索有两条。其一是38题所在之句具体阐述青少年犯罪的三个其他原因。其二是句中连词“and”所构成的名词平行结构，这一结构要求处于此平行结构中的名词应该在所表达的语义上属于同类，由于本句皆在阐述青少年犯罪的三个其他原因，所以这个名词平行结构中的三个名词都应该是不良社会现象或行为。38题具体涉及“毒品和酒品”。众所周知，“毒品和酒品”的泛滥与青少年犯罪的增加直接有关。故选项D(availability/可获得性，可得到性)是正确选项。本题的A、B、C选项的含义分别是“开支，费用”、“限制，局限”、“分配”。
39.A/incidence(发生，影响)。本题答案线索有两条。这两条线索与38题的两条线索相同。39题具体涉及“虐待儿童”(child abuse)。根据因果关系和平行关系的答题思路，考生应该选择选项A(incidence/发生，影响)。注意选项D(普及;受欢迎)不对，因为我们生活的社会中，“虐待儿童”(child abuse)并不是普遍现象和社会的主流。选用D就太夸张了。选项B和C的含义分别是“意识，认识”和“揭露，暴露;接触”。
40.C/although(虽然，尽管)。本题答题线索是40题空白处前后的含义在语义上所形成的“转折”关系。故选项C是正确答案。本题A、B、D 选项的含义分别是“以……为条件，假如”、“因为”、“假如，如果”。
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复旦大学考博英语试题2003
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Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years. 21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy. C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America. D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America. 22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____. 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