2013年11月国考教师资格证笔试科目三英语学科中学学段真题答案解析
2013年下半年中小学教师资格证考试
英语学科知识与教学能力试题（初级中学）
（科目代码：305）
注意事项：
1.考试时间为120分钟，满分150分。
2.请按规定在答题卡上填涂、作答，在试卷上作答无效，不予评分。
一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题2分，60分）
1.When a lady customer intends to buy a coat with white stripes, what is she supposed to place an emphasize on if she says to the shop assistant?
A. “I’d like a red coat with white stripes.”
B. “I’d like a red coat with white stripes.”
C. “I’d like a red coat with white stripes.”
D. “I’d like a red coat with white stripes.”
2.Decide on the correct stress pattern of the answer to the question.
——Where did he go next?
——.
A. He turned to the left at the end of the street.
B. He turned to the left at the end of the street.
C. He turned to the left at the end of the street.
D. He turned to the left at the end of the street.
3.To the scientists’delight, their efforts have increased people’s of the importance of saving water.
A.awareness
B. commitment
C. agreement
D. response
4.The word “chronology”contains morphemes.
A.four
B. three
C. two
D. five
5.Judging from her speeches and behaviors, Mary has a strict .
A. growth
B. upbringing
C. development
D. cultivation
6. your valuable help, we couldn’t have finished the experiment ahead of time.
A. If it were not for
B. Had it not been for
C. Were it not for
D. If it has not been for
7. It was with great joy he knew that his GMAT score was 670, high enough to apply to a top university of business.
A. when
B. which
C. what
D. that
8. You can sleep on the couch in the lounge, you can go to a hotel nearby.
A. and
B. then
C. or
D. But
9.In most circumstances, the assumption of cooperation is so pervasive that it can be stated as a cooperative principle of conversation and elaborated in maxims below except .
A. manner maxim
B. quality maxim
C. quantity maxim
D. agreement maxim
10. Despite differences in conversational style, speakers are helped by automatic patterns in daily interactions such as “Hi”, “Hi”, known as“”.
A. adjacency pairs
B. preference structure
C. dispreference structure
D. insertion sequence
11.To distinguish sounds, students are encouraged to practice .
A. minimal pairs
B. nasal explosion
C. constant clusters
D. incomplete explosion
12.Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modern language teaching theories?
A.The best way to learn words is to use them.
B.The best way to learn vocabulary is via rote-learning.
C. An English dictionary is an important aid to students.
D. Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself.
13.When a teacher intends to introduce a new grammar item, which of the following strategies can be used to get students to notice it?
A.Transformation
B. Input enhancement
C. Expansion
D. Substitution
14.If a teacher attempts to implement the top-down model to teach listening, he/she is likely to present .
A.new words after playing the tape.
B.new words before playing the tape.
C. background information after playing the tape.
D. background information before playing the tape.
15.In a complex integration task, a teacher is expected to devise a series of activities which are linked.
A.thematically
B. syntactically
C. semantically
D. linguistically
16.To grasp the gist of a passage in a quick way, what may a reader focus on?
A. The transitional paragraphs
B. The whole passage
C. The topic sentences
D. Every sentence in the passage
17.When checking students’ understanding of a certain language point in class, which of the following utterances is a teacher expected to make?
A.“Is it okay?”
B. “Is it clear to you?”
C. “Are you clear?”
D. “Is it all right to everyone?”
18.At a higher level of writing, which of the following cognitive skills should NOT be encouraged?
A.Constructing grammatically correct sentences only.
B. Gathering information and ideas relevant to the topic.
C. Using cohesive devices to create sections and paragraphs.
D. Organizing the information and ideas into a logical sequence.
19.When a student has made a sentence “I borrowed a paper from Miss Li”, the teacher says, “Do you mean ‘a piece of paper’?”Here the teacher is playing the role of a(n) .
A. controller
B. prompter
C. assessor
D. Organizer
20.Which of the following can NOT be regarded as a feature of successful English teacher?
A. Thinking of learners’ needs
B. Having a good command of English
C. Facilitating communicative activities
D. Following the course book only
请阅读Passage 1, 完成第21-25小题。
Passage 1
Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia was delivered to my house in Bethesda, Md. No card or note came with it. Calls to the florist were always in vain---- it was a cash purchase. After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender's identity and just delighted in the beauty and heady perfume of that one magical, perfect white flower nestled in soft pink tissue paper.
But I never stopped imagining who the anonymous giver might be. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about someone wonderful and exciting but too shy or eccentric to make known his or her identity.
My mother contributed to these imaginings. She'd ask me if there was someone for whom I had done a special kindness who might be showing appreciation. Perhaps the neighbor I'd helped when she was unloading a car full of groceries. Or maybe it was the old man across the street whose mail I retrieved during the winter so he wouldn't have to venture down his icy steps. As a teen-ager, though, I had more fun speculating that it might be a boy I had a crush on or one who had noticed me even though I didn’t’t know him.
When I was 17, a boy broke my heart. The night he called for the last time, I cried myself to sleep. When I awoke in the morning, there was a message scribbled on my mirror in red lipstick: "Heartily know, when half-gods go, the gods arrive. ' I thought about that quotation from Emerson for a long time, and until my heart healed, I left it where my mother had written it. When l finally went to get the glass cleaner, my mother knew everything was all right again.
I don’t remember ever slamming my door in anger at her and shouting, "You just don't understand!'' Because she did understand.
One month before my high-school graduation, my father died of a heart attack. My feelings ranged from grief to abandonment, fear and overwhelming anger that my dad was missing some of the most important events in my life. I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior-class play and the prom. But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, would not hear of my skipping any of those things.
The day before my father died, my mother and I had gone shopping for a prom dress. We'd found a spectacular one. with yards and yards of dotted swiss in red, white and blue. It made me feel like Scarlet O'Hara, but it was the wrong size. When my father died, I forgot about the dress.
My mother didn’t’t. The day before the prom, I found that dress ---- in the right size ---- draped majestically over the living-room sofa. It wasn't just delivered, still in the box. It was presented to me ---- beautifully, artistically, lovingly. I didn't care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother did.
She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable, creative and imaginative: imbued with a sense that there was magic in the world and beauty even in the face of adversity. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia----lovely, strong and perfect---- with an aura of magic and perhaps a bit of mystery.
My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.
21.The best title for this passage would be “__________”.
A. Life Without My Father
B. High-school Graduation
C. Mystery of the White Gardenia
D. Love between Mother and Daughter
22.Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a likely giver of the flower?
A. The boy who broke my heart.
B. The old man I helped to get his mail.
C. An unknown boy who had noticed me.
D. The neighbour I assisted in unloading a car full of groceries.
23.The underlined word “scribbled”in Paragraph 4 means “______”.
A. pasted
B. written
C. scrawled
D. attached
24. At the end of paragraph 6, the underlined phrase “those things”does not include “______”.
A. graduation
B. the prom
C. her romantic imagings
D. the senior-class play
25.Why didn’t’t her mother tell her that she was anonymous giver of gardenia?
A. She wanted to give her surprise.
B. She wanted her to continue to help other people.
C. She wanted her to solve the mystery herself.
D. She wanted her to feel there was beauty and magic in the world.
Passage 2
They're faithful, friendly and furry -- but under their harmless, fluffy exteriors, dogs and cats, the world's most popular house pets, use up more energy resources in a year than driving a car, a new book says.
In their book Time to Eat the Dog: The Real Guide to Sustainable Living, New Zealand-based architects Robert and Brenda Vale say keeping a medium-sized dog has the same ecological impact as driving 10,000 km (6,213 miles) a year in a 4.6 liter Land Cruiser." There are no recipes in the book," Robert Vale said, laughingly, in a telephone interview.
"We're not actually saying it is time to eat the dog. We're just saying that we need to think about and know the [ecological] impact of some of the things we do and that we take for granted."
Constructing and driving the jeep for a year requires 0.41 hectares of land, while growing and manufacturing a dog's food takes about 0.84 ha -- or 1.1 ha in the case of a large dog such as a German shepherd. Meat-eating swells the eco-footprint of canines, and felines are not that much better, the Vales found.
The average cat's eco-footprint, 0.15 ha, weighs in at slightly less than a Volkswagen Golf, but still 10 times a hamster's 0.014 ha -- which is itself half the eco-cost of running a plasma television.
By comparison, the ecological footprint of an average human in the developing world is 1.8 ha, while people in the developed world take 6 ha.
With pets' diets under the control of owners, how can their unsustainable appetites be trimmed?
Convincing carnivorous cats and dogs to go vegetarian for the sake of the planet is a non-starter, the Vales say.
Instead they recommend keeping "greener," smaller, and more sustainable pets, such as goldfish, hamsters, chickens or rabbits.
The book's playful title, and serious suggestion that pet animals may be usefully "recycled," by being eaten by their owners or turned into petfood when they die, may not appeal to animal fans.
Offputting as the idea may be, the question is valid given the planet's growing population and finite resources, Robert Vale said. "Issues about sustainability are increasingly becoming things that are going to require us to make choices which are as difficult as eating your dog. It's not just about changing your lightbulbs or taking a cloth bag to the supermarket," he said. "It's about much more challenging and difficult issues," he added. "Once you see where [cats and dogs] fit in your overall balance of things -- you might decide to have the cat but not also to have the two cars and the three bathrooms and be a meat eater yourself."
26.An appropriate title for this passage might be “______”.
A. What Do You Know about Dogs and Cats
B. Cats and Dogs Are Energy-consuming Pets
C. Cats and Dogs Consume More Energy Than Cars
D. Time to Eat the Dog: The Real Guide to Sustainable Living
27.Which of the following is a practice recommend by the Vales?
A. Keeping more green-colored, smaller and more sustainable pets.
B. Keeping medium-sized dogs, for they tend to consume less food.
C. Recycling the pets and turning them into pet food when they die
D. Force cats and dogs to stop eating meat and become vegetarians.
28.The writer’s attitude toward keeping dogs and pets might best be summarized as “______”.
A. negative
B. ambiguous
C. positive
D. reversed
29.The underlined word “offputting”in the last paragraph is closet in meaning to “______”.
A. unreasonable
B. disgusting
C. inhuman
D. Invalid
30. It can be inferred that “their” in the first sentence of paragraph 7 refers to “______”.
A. cats
B. felines
C. canines
D. Dogs and cats
二、简答题（本大题1小题，20分）
根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。
31.课堂导入是初中英语课堂教学常用的步骤之一。以课文“Christmas”为例，写出四种常见的导入方法并各举一例说明。
三、教学情境分析题（本大题1小题，30分）
根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。
32. 下面是一段初中英语课堂实录片段。阅读后回答下列四个问题：
（1）该教学片段采用什么方法呈现语法项目？（6分）
（2）你的判断依据是什么（至少两条）？（12分）
（3）分析该方法的利弊（至少各两条），并举例说明。（8分）
（4）分析该教学片段所存在的问题。（4分）
教学片段：
Teacher: Hello, everyone, today we’re going to learn the Present Perfect. What is the Present Perfect? The Present Perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect, used to express a past event that has present consequences.
For example:
I have already finished my homework.
She has worked out a plan.
As you can see, the Present Perfect is made up of two parts: have + past principle(done),...
(Then the teacher began to illustrate different usages of the Present Perfect.)
四、教学设计题（本大题1小题，40分）
根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案，用英文作答。
33. 设计任务：根据提供的信息和语言素材设计一节课的教案。
该方案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：
●teaching objectives
●teaching contents
●key and difficult points
●major steps and time allocation
●activities and justification
教学时间：45分钟
学生概况：某城镇普通中学八年级（初中二年级）学生，班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》三级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。
语言素材：
My Family
Hi, I’m Jenny. Here are two nice photos of my family. My grandfather and grandmother are in the first photo. These are my parents, Alan and Mary. In the next picture are my brothers, Bob and Eric. These two girls are my sister Cindy and my cousin Helen. Coco is in my family, too.
答案解析
一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题2分，60分）
1. 选D
【解析】本题中“a coat with white stripes”这一短语成分的中心词是coat,后面的是补语，所以答案为D。
2. 选D
【解析】问句的中心是where ，所以回答的重点是地点，只有D项是最强调地点的。
3. 选A
【解析】名词辨析。A项，awareness，意识，认知；commitment，承诺，保障；agreement，协议，同意，一致；response，回应，响应，回答。“让科学家欣慰的是，他们的努力增强了大家对节水重要性的认识。”
4. 选A
【解析】考查语言学的词素概念。“chronology”一词的四个词素分别是-chro, -lo, -no,-gy. 5. 选B
【解析】考查名词辨析。growth，增长，发展；upbring，教养，抚育；C项发展；D项培养。“她家教很严。”
6. 选B
【解析】If从句虚拟语气倒装。原句的顺序应该是If it had not been for your valuable help, we couldn’t have finished the experiment ahead of time. If从句虚拟需要倒装，且倒装的原则是去掉if,把had/were/should 放句首。
7. 选D
【解析】强调句型。It is/was......that...
8. 选C
【解析】考查连词的选择，显然两个分句是选择关系，“你可以在休息室的沙发上睡觉，或者去附近的旅馆。”
9. 选D
【解析】会话原则的四大原则：The maxim o f quantity; The maxim of quality, The maxim of relation, The maxim of manner。
10. 选B
【解析】A项，adjacency pairs毗邻应对，指的是称赞语和应答语；preference structure优先结构，是指为某个动作或行为发出的开端语言；C项相反；D项是指的插入，故而选B。11. 选A
【解析】最小对立体。语音学的重要专业术语。指除了出现在同一位置上的一个音之外的其余都相同的两个语音组合，在因为分析中，只涉及一个音素差别的对立体叫做最小对立体。如pen和ben就是。
12. 选C
【解析】与现代教学法理论相违背的是C，其它选项均符合。
13. 选B
【解析】教师在讲解新的语法点的时候，更多的是采用B项增强输入，A项是转换，C项是延伸；D项是替换法。
14. 选D
【解析】top-down model自上而下的教学模式就是先介绍相关的背景知识而后在引出语法知识。
15. 选C
【解析】要想考查学生对所学的掌握情况，教师会设计一些语义连接的各种活动。
16. 选C
【解析】阅读中，要想迅速掌握文章的主旨，就需要抓住文章的中心句。
17. 选C
【解析】要想判断学生对英语某一语法点的掌握程度，A和B是太符合英语表达习惯，D 项有询问大家好不好的意味儿。
18. 选A
【解析】写作水平较高的情况下，就不能仅仅依照语法结构来修改句子了。
19. 选B
【解析】教师在这儿的角色是一个促进者，引导者。C项的assessor是指顾问，评审员。20. 选D
【解析】只知道照着书本上课的英语老师太过狭窄。
请阅读Passage 1, 完成第21-25小题
Passage 1
21. 选D。
【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章都是讲的母亲和女儿之间的故事，通过最后一段也可以知道是讲的母女情，所以选D。
22. 选A。
【解析】事实细节题。BCD选项都可以在文章中找到，只有A找不到，所以答案是A。
23. 选C。
【解析】词义猜测题。作者早上起床，看到镜子上用口红画的字，所以“scribble”意思就是乱涂乱画，所以答案是C。
24. 选C。
【解析】事实细节题。通过第六段中“I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior-class play and the prom”可知，只有C没有提到，所以答案是C。
25. 选D。
【解析】推理判断题。通过倒数第二段中“She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable, creative and imaginative”可知，妈妈想让女儿感受到充满爱，奇迹和创造力的世界。
Passage 2
26. 选D。
【解析】主旨大意题。通过文章中第二段和最后一段可知，讲的就是可持续生存，所以选D。
27. 选A。
【解析】事实细节题。通过文章“Instead they recommend keeping "greener," smaller, and more sustainable pets, such as goldfish, hamsters, chickens or rabbits”可知选A。
28. 选C。
【解析】观点态度题。通过文章中“you might decide to have the cat but not also to have the two cars and the three bathrooms and be a meat eater yourself.”可知，作者宁愿去养宠物，而不愿去养车。
29. 选A。
【解析】词义猜测题。通过文章“The book's playful title, and serious suggestion that pet
animals may be usefully "recycled," by being eaten by their owners or turned into petfood when they die, may not appeal to animal fans.”可知，这个方法是不受养宠物的人的亲耐的。所以是不合理的。
30. 选D。
【解析】推理判断题。很明显指的是动物pets，因此是dogs and cats.
二、简答题（本大题1小题，20分）
方法一歌曲导入
“同学们，你们今天开心吗？我看大家都非常有精神，这样的状态很不错。那在我们上课之前，老师先给大家播放一首歌曲《Marry Christmas》，如果你会唱的话，那么你可以打着拍子一起跟着唱，好吗？（播放歌曲）同学们，歌曲听完了，大家觉得这首歌曲熟悉吗？对，非常不错，这首歌曲呢是在欢唱圣诞节，这儿老师有个问题：你们知道为什么会有圣诞节这样一个节日吗？好多同学都不知道，那么今天老师将带领大家一起走进圣诞节，在英语的海洋中一起来感受圣诞节的快乐。”
方法二图片导入
“How are you？boys and girls. 同学们好，很高兴再次见到大家。今天的这节课呢老师带来了几幅图片，现在请大家看大屏幕，大家看第一幅图，大家看到了什么？对，这是我们都非常熟悉的圣诞老人，大家反应的速度真快。现在请看第二幅图，大家看到了什么呢？我听到有同学说看到了圣诞树还有圣诞袜，噢，还有红色的圣诞帽，大家观察非常仔细。那么现在老师有一个问题了，你们知道为什么我们要在圣诞节立圣诞树，并戴圣诞帽吗？还有到底圣诞老人是怎么出现的呢？带着这些问题，我们一起走进今天我们的课题，来学习Christmas 的相关知识。”
方法三视频导入
“同学们，在今天上课之前，请先看一段视频。（播放视频）视频结束了，同学们，what can you see in this video? 你们看到了什么？好的，我听到有同学看到了圣诞老爷爷骑着雪橇在挨家挨户的送礼物，还有的同学看到了Amy一家在准备圣诞party。大家观察的都很仔细，请问自己鼓鼓掌，那同学们你们有思考过一个问题吗？你们知道圣诞节是怎么产生的吗？看来大家都不知道，没关系，那么我们今天就一起来学习新的一课，Christmas，从而找到这
个答案。”
方法四故事导入
“同学们，每年的12月25日很多的西方国家都会过一个对于他们来说特别重要的节日-圣诞节，英文叫做Christmas，在那一天大街上会非常的热闹，大人们和小孩会穿着节日的盛装，穿梭者大街小巷。可是，同学们你们知道每年12月25日是全世界大多数基督徒纪念耶稣诞生的日子吗？大家一脸茫然，看来还不是很清楚，没关系，那么我们今天就一起来学习新的一课，Christmas，从而找到这个答案。”
三、教学情境分析题（本大题1小题，30分）
（1）该教学片段采用的是直接法来呈现语法项目。
（2）判断依据有以下几点：1. 教师直接向学生解释现在完成时的定义。2. 教师先举例子，然后直接讲授现在完成时的构成。3.给出现在完成时的构成之后，教师接着讲授现在完成时的不同用法。
（3）对直接法的利弊分析如下：
直接法的好处在于：1.强调直接学习和直接应用，注重语言实践练习，学生学习积极性高，学习兴趣浓厚。如教师直接给出现在完成时的定义、构成和用法，能帮学生扎实而准确的掌握现在完成时。2. 采用直观举例，教师通过类比法得出现在完成时的构成，有助于培养学生的归纳总结能力和运用外语思维的能力。如讲解现在完成时的构成时举例，学生顺着教师的思维去仔细观察和归纳总结。
直接法的不足在于：1.排斥母语，使学生对一些抽象和复杂的概念难以理解。如该片段教学中教师采用全英教学，但语法概念的掌握及其使用复杂且抽象，学生很难真正理解。2.在初中英语教学条件下，偏重了实际掌握语言，而对发展智能方面则注重不够，忽视了学生的主体地位。如学生没有思考和推导的过程，整个教学环节都是教师在讲授。
（4）该教学片段存在的问题是：1.采用直接法，教师是课堂的中心和焦点，整个课堂只有教师的教，而没有学生的参与，忽视了学生的主观能动性，没有突出其主体地位。2.整个语法过程没有教学活动，由于语法的学习本身抽象且枯燥，而初中学生活泼好动，注意力难以集中，该课堂可能无法吸引学生，达到预设的教学效果。3.该教学片段在教授现在完成时的构成时，列举了例子，但是是教师直接从例子得出现在完成时构成。教师可引导学生
根据例子，自己分析出构成。这样有助于学生对知识的掌握和记忆，还能调动学生的学习积极性。
解析：
（1）英语中常见的教学方法有直接法、听说法、视听法、情境教学法、交际法、任务型教学法等。其他方法均不符合题意。
（2）分析教学片段可知，该教师没有用到教具，也没有引导学生去自己发现，都是通过自己直接讲授的。故得出采用方法为直接法。
（3）略。
（4）略。
四、教学设计题（本大题1小题，40分）
【解析】
Teaching topic : My family
Period : one period
Teaching objectives:
Knowledge and skill objectives:
Students will be able to grasp five words: family, photo, grandfather, grandmother, parents, brother, sister, cousin.
Grasping the the sentence pattern "These are" and using it to introduce their family.
Process and method objectives:
Through individual work, pair work and group work, improving Ss' ability of independent thinking and cooperation.
Emotion, attitude and values objectives:
Be aware of the importance of family and learn to love their family members.
Teaching contents
Words: family, photo, grandfather, grandmother, parents, brother, sister, cousin.
Sentence pattern: These are···
Key and difficult points：
Key points: grasp the words and sentence pattern and learn to introduce their own family. Difficult points : how to improve their interest in joining the class.
Major steps and time allocation：
Ⅰ.Lead in (4')
Ⅱ.Presentation (20')
Ⅲ.Practice(10')
Ⅳ.Production(10')
Ⅴ.Homework(1')
Activities and justification
Ⅰ.Lead in
Activity: listen and sing a song Family Fingers
Reason: the music will arouse Ss' interest and the teaching content would be naturally led in. Ⅱ.Presentation
Activity 1:teacher introduce his own family.
Activity 2 :Ss read the passage and then try to figure the roles in the pictures.
Activity 3:teach all the new words and the sentence pattern.
Reason: activity1 and activity2 lay a foundation for activity3, and Ss can easily grasp the content through these activities.
Ⅲ.Practice
Activity 1: Ss introduce their own family to his or her partner.
Activity 2: invite several groups to come to the front to introduce his family and give the best group reward.
Reason: activity 1 can help Ss practice what they have just learned and activity 2 can cultivate Ss' awareness of cooperation and competition.
Ⅳ.Production
Activity : image what your family would be like 50 years later and draw a picture of it.
Reason : cultivate Ss' creativity.
Ⅴ.Homework
Activity : introduce the picture in the text book to your parents.
Reason: the open homework would review what they have learned in class but promote communication between parents and children as well.
中学教师资格证英语真题
I.语言知识与能力 1.单项选择题(语言知识) (1)It was very ________ of him to wait for us. A.considerable B.considering C.considerate D.considered (2)________ from the top of the hill, the town looks beautiful. A.Seeing B.Having seen C.Seen D.To see 2.单项选择题(阅读理解) Every year hundreds of thousands of visitors to New York City go to see the United Nations Headquarters in midtown Manhattan. The 18-acre site includes four buildings - the Secretariat, the General Assembly, the Conference building, and the Dag Hammarskjold Library. The United Nations (UN) currently has 192 members, and the flags of those nations line the plaza in front of the General Assembly Hall and Secretariat. The row of flags, displayed in English alphabetical order, from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, stretches from 48th Street to 42nd Street. The decision to locate United Nations Headquarters in the United States was made in 1946 by the UN General Assembly, then meeting in London. Several U.S. locations were considered, but a donation of 8.5 million dollars from philanthropist John D. Rockefeller, Jr. secured the purchase of land at the present site. And the City of New York provided a gift of additional land. The UN complex was designed by an international team of prominent architects. American Wallace K. Harrison was named chief architect, and ten other countries each nominated an architect to the Board of Design Consultants. The 11 architects began the project in early 1947. The U.S. government provided an interest-free loan to the United Nations for the cost of construction, which began in 1949. The Secretariat Building, which houses the UN administrative offices, was completed in 1950, and United Nations Headquarters officially opened in 1951. The
最新2013年6月英语六级真题及答案-第三套(最新整理吐血整理)
写作 作文范文：Greed or Greet? The earth has nurtured generations of human beings, offering us with every resource to survive and prosper. Nowadays, with the explosion of population and boom of economy, human’s rel entless exploitation of natural resources has caused crisis of exhaustion of energy and resources. The remark “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed.” gives out a warning for us all. The ecosystem has remained balanced until man becomes obsessed with their ambition to conquer Nature and they are blinded by greed. On one hand, they are so economy-oriented that they ignore the protection of environment. Increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet. On the other hand, man exploits and abuses non-renewable energy and resources for the sake of developing economy. If man insists on extracting natural resources recklessly, it will be too dreadful to face the consequence. Let us remember that only when we shake off greed and heal the earth can we build a better home for ourselves and our future generations. 【快速阅读】 美国工业制造 1-7 DADAAAB 8 higher 9 the immigrants 10 doing more themselves 听力 11. Why she could not get through to him. 12. He has difficulty finding affordable housing. 13. A code number is necessary to run the copy machine.
教师资格证考试小学综合真题答案 2013下
2013年下半年全国教师资格考试 《综合素质》小学真题 参考答案及解析 一、单项选择题 1．参考答案：A。 解析：对素质教育内涵的理解。 第一，素质教育是面向全体学生的教育。 第二，素质教育是促进学生全面发展的教育。 第三，素质教育是促进学生个性健康发展的教育。 第四，素质教育是引导学生协调发展。 2．参考答案：D。 解析：《教育规划纲要》把育人为本作为教育工作的根本要求，提出要以学生为主体，以教师为主导，充分发挥学生的主动性，把促进学生健康成长作为学校一切工作的出发点和落脚点。教师培养学生特长，发展学生潜能，尊重学生个性都属于发挥学生的主动性。3．参考答案：C。 解析：霍华德·加德纳博士指出，人类的智能是多元化而非单一的，主要是由语言智能、数学逻辑智能、空间智能、身体运动智能、音乐智能、人际智能、自我认知智能、自然认知智能八项组成，每个人都拥有不同的智能优势组合。 4．参考答案：D。 解析：本题考查考生对因材施教的认识，教师顺应孩子天性．针对不同气质类型采取针对性培养教育策略，让其扬长避短，全面发展，健康快乐地生活成长。 5．参考答案：D。 解析：《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》中明确提出：“完善教师培训制度，将教师培训经费列入政府预算，对教师实行每五年一周期的全员培训。” 6．参考答案：B。 解析：教育必须符合国家和社会公共利益的原则，就是教育的公共性原则。这一原则要求在我国境内举办的学校及其他教育机构应当坚持公益性，不得以营利为目的举办学校及其他教育机构。 7．参考答案：B。 解析：考查考生对学校管理制度的理解。根据学校管理制度教师具有教书育人、服务育人、领导管理育人、关心爱护学生、培养能力的职责。所以针对学生不良行为的处理，要出于关爱学生的目的。故选B。 8．参考答案：A。 解析：考查考生对教育政策与法规的了解。《教师法》第七条规定，教师对学校教育教学、管理工作和教育行政部门的工作提出意见和建议，通过教职工代表大会或者其他形式，参与学校的民主管理。故选A。 9．参考答案：A。 解析：考查考生对教育政策与法规的了解。《未成年人保护法》第39条规定，任何组织和个人不得私自开拆或查看未成年人的信件、日记、电子邮件、网上聊天记录、手机短信等个人信息，不得披露未成年人的个人隐私。作为班主任对于任何侵犯学生隐私的行为必须及
2018年上半年教师资格证考试初级英语真题
2018年上半年中小学教师资格考试 英语学科知识与教学能力试题（初级中学） 注意事项： 1．考试时间120分钟，满分150分。 2．请按规定时间在答题卡上填涂、作答。在试卷上作答无效，不予评分。 一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案字母按要求涂黑。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.The similarity between the English consonants/p/,/b/,and/m/is that they are all(). A.fricative B.plosive https://www.360docs.net/doc/a712903701.html,bial-dental D.bilabial 2.Which of the following is a back vowel in English?() A./?:/ B./?:/ C./?/ D./e/ 3.There is only one playground slide in this school,so the students have to take()to use it. A.turns B.the turns C.a turn D.the turn 4.Out of everyone’s expectation,Johnson suddenly returned()a rainy night. A.at B.in C.on D.during 5.She()it very well when she described her younger brother as“brilliant but lazy”. A.put B.made C.assumed D.interpreted 6.We don’t think()possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A.this B.that C.its D.it 7.()the same mistakes in the annual financial report again made his boss very angry.
教师资格证《英语学科知识与能力(高级中学)》真题及答案
知识与教学能力 (高级中学 ) 一、单项选择题 (本大题共 30 小题，每小题 2分，共 60分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案。请用 28 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的 答案字母按要求涂黑。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1. Which of the following shows the proper rhythmical 节奏的 pattern of the sentence? 1.【答案】 A 。解析：考查句子重读。一般来说，句子中的实词需要重读，比如 名词、 主要动词 (不包括 be 动词 )、形容词、副词、数词等。虚词多数情况下不重读，比如代词、 介词、冠词、连词等。另外，句子中要重读的词若为双音节或多音节词，重音一般就落在该 词的重读音节上，像本句中的 expensive 就是这种情况。 2. In terms of manner of articulation 发音方法 , the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are . A. affricates 塞擦音 B. fricatives 擦音 C. bilabial D. oral stops 2【. 答案】D 。解析：考查辅音的分类。 根据发音方式不同， 英语的辅音可以分为： 塞音 (stop)、 鼻音 (nasal)、擦音 (fricative) 、近音 (approximant) 、边音 (lateral) 、塞擦音 (affricate) 等。[p] ，[b] ， [tl ，[d] ，[k],[g] 属于气息非常强烈的通过口腔的爆破音，也称作塞音。 3. The producers of oil and other ___ commodities have an advantage. A. fragile B. nonperishable 2016年下半年教师资格证考试试题及答 案一 英语学科
2013年6月英语六级真题汇总及答案解析
2013年6月英语六级真题及答案（文都版） Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Question 47 to 51 are based on the following passage often assumed musical Highly proficient musicianship is hard won. Although it’s evidence that this isn’t the case. While it seems ability us inherited, there’s abundant that at birth virtually everyone has perfect pitch, the reasons that one child is better than another are motivation and practice. Highly musical children were sung to more as infants and more encouraged to join in song games as kids than less musical ones, long before any musical ability could have been evident. Studies of classical musicians prove that the best ones practiced considerably more from childhood onwards than ordinary orchestral players, and this is because their parents were at them to put in the hours from a very young age. The same was true of children selected for entry to specialist music schools, compared with those who were rejected. The chosen children had parents who had very actively supervised music lessons and daily practice from young ages, giving up substantial periods of leisure time to take the children to lessons and concerts. The singer Michael Jackson’s story, although unusually brutal and extreme, is illumination when considering musical prodigy(天才). Accounts suggest that he was subjected to cruel beatings and emotional torture ,and that he was humiliated (羞辱) constantly by his father, What sets Jackson’s family apart is that his father used his reign of terror to train his children as musicians and dancers. On top of his extra ability Michael also had more drive. This may have been the result of being the closest of his brothers and sisters to his mother. “He seemed other said of him. She different to me from the other children —special,”Michael’s m may not have realized that treating her son as special may have been part of the reason be became like that. All in all, if you want to bring up a Mozart or Bach, the key factor is how hard you
【免费下载】全国教师资格证
2013年全国教师资格证考试科目简介（仅供参考）考试分中学(含中等职业学校)、小学和幼儿园3个层次。申请认定中等职业学校教师资格，中等职业学校实习指导教师资格，高级中学、初级中学教师资格的人员参加中学层次考试；申请认定小学教师资格的人员参加小学层次考试；申请认定幼儿园教师资格的人员参加幼儿园层次考试。具体考试内容详见当地教育行政部门或者受委托的高等学校的有关规定。 提示：2013年大概还有省市将纳入全国教师资格证考试范围，此信息仅供参考，详细情况以各地报名简章原文为准。如有出入，请大家予以指正！ 1.幼儿园教师资格考试的笔试考试包括哪些科目？
幼儿园教师资格考试笔试为2个科目，科目一为综合素质，科目二为保教知识与能力。 2.小学教师资格考试的笔试考试包括哪些科目？ 小学教师资格考试笔试为2个科目，科目一为综合素质，科目二为教育教学知识与能力。 3.初级中学和高级中学教师资格考试的笔试考试包括哪些科目？ 初级中学和高级中学教师资格考试笔试为3个科目： 科目一均为综合素质；科目二均为教育知识与能力；科目三为学科知识与教学能力。 初级中学和高级中学学科知识与教学能力科目分为语文、数学、物理、化学、生物、历史、地理、思想品德（政治）、英语、音乐、美术、体育与健康、信息技术等学科。 中职文化课类别的科目三与高级中学的科目三一致。中职专业课和中职实习指导不考科目三。 4.综合素质主要考查哪些知识和能力？ 职业理念、教育法律法规、教师职业道德规范、文化素养和基本能力。 5.保教知识与能力主要考查哪些知识和能力？ 学前教育原理、学前儿童发展、生活指导、环境创设、游戏活动的指导、教育活动的组织与实施。6.教育教学知识与能力主要考查哪些知识和能力？ 教育基础、学生指导、班级管理、学科知识、教学设计、教学实施、教学评价。 7.教育知识与能力主要考查哪些知识和能力？ 教育基础知识和基本原理、中学教学、中学生学习心理、中学德育、中学课程、中学生发展心理、中学生心理辅导、中学班级管理与教师心理。 8.学科知识与教学能力主要考查哪些知识和能力？ 每个学科的考试大纲根据本学科特点制定，基本包含学科知识、教学设计、教学实施和教学评价的内容。
教师资格证小学英语面试真题
小学英语《A butterfly》 一、考题回顾 二、考题解析 《A butterfly》主要教学过程及板书设计 教学过程 Step1 Warming-up and lead-in After greeting the students, I will play the song “The bear”, whose lyrics use the simple past tense, to the students. I will write down a segment of the lyrics on the blackboard and review the past form of some verbs, such as “look-looked”, “meet-met” and “say-said”, with the whole class. Step2 Presentation I will enjoy the strip pictures of butterfly growth with the whole class to introduce the simple past tense. I will ask students questions while watching the pictures. The questions are: “what was the color of the egg?”, “what did a caterpillar eat?” and “how long did the caterpillar live in the small cocoon?” By orders of strip pictures, the growth a butterfly is showed clearly, and time sequences are showed by “the first”, “then” and “finally”. As the students answer these questions, answers are written down on the blackboard. I will invite students to work out the rule of the simple past tense. Simple past tense is usually used to talk about a completed action or state that occurred in the past, and to form this tense, one needs to add -ed to the end of a regular verb and remember the past forms of some irregular verbs. Step3 Practice 1. Conversion task: students are required to converse the following simple present tense simple past tense to better understand the new structure: I usually eat an egg for breakfast.
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany’s. B)why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones. C)Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn. D)why so many girls adored Audrey Hepburn. 2. A)Her unique personality. B)Her physical condition. C)Her shift of interest to performing arts. D)Her famil y’s suspension of financial aid. 3. A) She was not an outgoing person. B)She was modest and hardworking C)She was easy-going on the whole. D)She was usually not very optimistic. 4. A)She was influenced by the roles she played in the films. B)Her parents taught her to symbolize with the needy. C)She learned to volunteer when she was a child. D)Her family benifited from other people’s help. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the recording you have just heard. 5. A) Give a presentation. B)Rise some questions. C)Start a new company. D)Ateed a board meeting. 6. A) It will cut production costs. B)It will raise productivities. C)No staff willl be dismissed. D)No new staff will be hired. 7. A)The timeline of restructuring.
历年教师资格考试真题及答案
历年教师资格考试真题及答案 最新推荐：2014全国教师资格考试辅导备考 最新推荐：2014上半年教师资格考试资讯 公务员笔、面试练习题及模拟题 教师资格证考试真题及答案 2013年教师资格证《中学教育知识与能力》真题及答案 一、单项选择题 1.世界上最早专门论述教育教学问题的著作是( )。 A.《论语》 B.《大学》 C.《学记》 D.《孟子》 1.【答案】C。 2.教育能够把潜在的劳动力转化为现实的劳动力，这体现了教育的什么功能?( ) A.经济功能 B.育人功能 C.政治功能 D.文化功能 2.【答案】A。 3.最早在大学里讲授教育学的学者是( )。 A.梅伊曼 B.赫尔巴特 C.洛克 D.康德 3.【答案】D。 4.人的身心发展有不同的阶段，“心理断乳期”一般发生在( )。 A.幼儿阶段 B.青少年阶段 C.成年阶段 D.老年阶段 4.【答案】B。 5.“十年树木，百年树人”隐喻了教师劳动具有( )。 A.连续性 B.长期性 C.创造性 D.示范性 5.【答案】B。 6.最早提出“什么知识最有价值”这一经典课程论命题的学者是( )。 A.夸美纽斯 B.斯宾塞 C.杜威 D.博比特 6.【答案】B。解析：1859年，斯宾塞在《什么知识最有价值》中提出了“科学”知识最 有价值的观点。 7.一个数学成绩优秀的学生由于某种原因产生了对数学的厌恶，他在离开学校后很可能 不会再主动研究数学问题了。这种现象属于( )。
A.连带学习 B.附属学习 C.正规课程 D.显性课程 7.【答案】A。解析：杜威曾在《经验与教育》一书中提出过"连带学习"的概念。他认为"连带学习"在一定条件下，甚至比正规教学内容有更重大的教育影响。例如，一个学生可以得到优秀的数学成绩，但如果他在学习数学的过程中，由于某种原因而"学会"了对数学的厌恶，那就可以预料，在离开学校后，他很可能永远不会再去主动钻研数学问题了。美国教育家克伯屈也曾提出一个"附属学习"的概念，指的是在学习正规课程内容时，学生在有意无意之间接受 的态度、兴趣和情改的熏陶。 8.“西邻有五子，一子朴，一子敏，一子盲，一子偻，一子跛，乃使朴者农，敏者贾，盲 者卜，偻者绩，跛者纺。”这体现的教学原则是( )。 A.启发性原则 B.因材施教原则 C.循序渐进原则 D.直观性原则 8.【答案】B。 9.把大班上课、小班讨论、个人独立研究结合在一起，并采用灵活的时间单位代替固定划一的上课时间，以大约20分钟为一个课时。这种出现于美国20世纪50年代的教学组织形式是 ( )。 A.文纳特卡制 B.活动课时制 C.道尔顿制 D.特朗普制 9.【答案】D。 10.“夫子循循然善诱人，博我以文，约我以礼，欲罢不能。”体现的德育原则是( )。 A.思想性原则 B.疏导性原则 C.连贯性原则 D.一致性原则 10.【答案】B。 11.“寓德育于教学之中”，寓德育于活动之中，寓德育于教师榜样之中，寓德育于学生自 我教育之中，寓德育于管理之中。”这体现的德育过程是( )。 A.培养学生知情意行的过程 B.促进学生思想内部矛盾斗争发展的过程，是教育和自我教育统一的过程 C.长期、反复的逐步提高的过程 D.组织学生的活动和交往，统一多方面的教育影响的过程 11.【答案】D。 12.杨老师一边讲课，一边观察学生的反应，这体现了注意的哪种品质?( ) A.注意分配 B.注意稳定性 C.注意广度 D.注意转移 12【答案】A。 13.最近，王华为了通过下个月的出国考试而刻苦学习外语，这种学习动机是() A.外在远景动机 B.内在远景动机 C.外在近景动机 D.内在近景动机 13.【答案】C。 14.林琳在听课时，经常将学习内容要点以划线的方式在书上作标记，这种学习策略属于
教师资格证书英文翻译样本
(T r a n s l a t i o n) People’s Republic of China Teacher’s Qualification License Teacher's Qualification Certificate is a legal reference granted by the state to those who are qualified for teaching position. Any teaching personnel in any and all schools or other institutions shall bear this Certificate. Ministry of Education of People’s Republic of China (seal)
Certificate Holder: *** Gender: ** Date of Birth: *** Nationality: * ID No.: 3**** Qualification Category:Qualification for Teacher in Higher Education Teaching Subject: Electrical Engineering and Automation Certificate No.: *** According to regulations in T eacher’s Law of People’s Republic of China and Regulations on the Qualifications of Teachers, *** is approved to be granted for a teacher of Higher Education. Approving Office (seal): Department of Education of ** Province (seal) ***
教师资格证-初中英语简答题(历年真题)汇总
简答题知识点梳理 作答要求 1.标注序号 2. 要点先行，再解释或举例 3. 4-5点(按要求） 4. 字迹工整，尽量不空 常考要点 一、语言知识教学 @ 二、语言技能教学 三、教学实施 四、教学评价 五、教学法 六、课程标准 （一）语音教学 1.句子重读的教学过程： # （1）学生先听录音，后看书面材料，引导学生思考为何某些单词和句子需要重读。 （2）学生了解何时重读之后，进行重读训练 （3）通过重读训练，教师引导学生知道重读可以表达重要信息(总结) 2. 语音教学的原则 （1）准确性原则 （2）针对性原则 ？
（3）趣味性原则 （4）交际性原则 （5）综合性原则 （6）长期性原则 （二）词汇教学 ?词汇呈现与讲解的方式 （1）借助辅助工具，如：实物、手势、动作表演，利用图片、图表、简笔画、投影仪等直观教具和声光电多媒体。 （2）借助已学知识来呈现和讲解新词，常见的具体方法包括构词法、同义词法等。 } 2. 词汇记忆策略 （1）语境中记忆 （2）联想记忆 （3）词典辅助记忆 （4）谐音记忆法 （5）repeat记忆法 】 （6）搭配法 （7）归类法（词根词缀记忆法） 3. 词汇教学的原则 ?直观性与情境性
?机械记忆与理解记忆相结合 ?文化性与交际性 ?/ ?循序渐进、逐步扩展 ?音形义相结合；词不离句；加强复习，巩固记忆。 （三）语法教学 1. 语法的教学方法有哪些 ?演绎法 教师首先直接讲解语法规则并举例说明，然后让学生进行各种替换练习、句子练习等训练。 (2) 归纳法 。 教师让学生首先接触含有语法规则的语境，然后根据上下文的信息归纳出语法规则。 2.语法的练习方法 （1）机械型练习 强调语法的准确性。 常见练习形式：替换操练（简单的单个单词替换、多个单词替换）、转换操练（把主动语态换成被动语
2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析(第一套完整版)
2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第一套完整版） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 【参考范文】 Whether to Attend a Vocational College or a University? It’s an undisputable truth that virtually all high school graduates will encounter the choices between a vocational college and a university. And when it comes to this question, students’ ideas are not cut from the same cloth. In point of which to choose and what to be taken into consideration, my advices are as follow. In the first place, we should be conscious of the fact that both of the two choices have its own superiorities. For instance, a vocational college specializes in cultivating human resources with practical capabilities; while a university serves as the cradle of academic researchers in different fields. Then it does follow that high school graduates should have a clear picture of themselves. That is to say, they should know their merits and demerits and their choices must give play to their strengths whilst circumvent weaknesses. In addition, interest is the best teacher and it’s also the premise of learning on one’s own initiative. Thus interest must be taken into account because it can not only decide how far one can reach academically and professionally but also how happy and fulfilled one will be. In brief, all above just goes to show that there really is no one-size-fits-all answer for the question. The key lies in a clear cognition, accurate self-positioning and the interest of oneself. Only then can every one find a right path that works best for us. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad. C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed. 【答案】A
2013年下半年全国教师资格证幼儿园保教知识真题答案
2013年11月3日教师资格证考试幼儿园保教知识与能力真题 网友提供，如有出入，仅作参考。 一、选择（每题3分，共10题，共30分)1、由于幼儿是以自我为中心辨别左右方向的，幼儿教师在动作示范时应该 A．背对幼儿，采用镜面示范 B．面对幼儿，采用镜面示范 C．面对幼儿，采用正常示范 D．背对幼儿，采用正常示范 2、2岁半的豆豆还不会自己吃饭，可偏要自己吃；不会穿衣，偏要自己穿。这反映了幼儿 A．情绪的发展 B．动作的发展 C．自我意识的发展 D．认知的发展 3、中班幼儿告状现象频繁，这主要是因为幼儿 A．道德感的发展 B．羞愧感的发展 C．美感的发展 D．理智感的发展 4、渴望同伴接纳自己，希望自己得到老师的表扬，这种表现反映了幼儿 A．自信心的发展 B．自尊心的发展 C．自制力的发展 D．移情的发展 5、为了解幼儿同伴交往特点，研究者深入幼儿所在的班级，详细记录其交往过程的语言和动作等。这一研究方法属于 A．访谈法 B．实验法 C．观察法 D．作品分析法 6、幼儿园教育工作评价应当 A．以行政人员评价为主，专家等参与评价为辅 B．以园长自评为主，教师等参与评价为辅 C．以教师自评为主，园长等参与评价为辅 D．以家长评价为主，幼儿等参与评价为辅 7、幼儿教师了解幼儿的最主要目的是 A．为更好地促进幼儿发展提供依据 B．为教师专业成长提供依据 C．为建立幼儿档案提供依据 D．为检查评比提供依据 8、下列选项中，对幼儿教育质量影响最小的是 A．经费投入 B．师幼互动 C．教师学历 D．高档园舍 9、下列属于幼儿园语言教育目标的是 A．能认读拼音字母 B．能清楚地说出自己想说的事 C．能认读一定量的汉字 D．能正确书写常用汉字10、下列有关幼小衔接的说法，正确的是 A．幼儿入学适应困难，是因为幼儿园教育过于游戏化 B．幼小衔接完全是幼儿园的责任 C．幼儿园的幼小衔接工作不仅仅在大班，小中班也应该开展 D．幼小衔接主要是教幼儿拼音、认字等内容 二、简答（每题15分，共2题，共30分）11、影响学前儿童游戏的个体因素主要有哪些？ 12、有研究者对幼儿园园长、教师做了一个调查，调查题目是“要全面真实地了解你园的保教质量，你认为最好什么时间段到你园？”调查结果如下图所示。 图“什么时间段到园了解保教质量”的人数百分比 三、论述（20分）13、请根据幼儿园教育的特点和幼儿身心发展的规律，论述幼儿园教育为什么不能“小学化”。 四、材料分析（20分）14、材料： 奇奇是这样一个孩子：他胆子小，上课不主动发言，即便发言，小脸涨得通红，声音很小，特别害怕失败与挫折、他也不爱与同伴交往、老师和小朋友邀请他时，总是把头摇得像拨浪鼓似的…… 问题（1）造成奇奇性格胆小的可能因素有哪些？（12分） （2）你觉得该怎样帮助奇奇？（8分） 15、材料： 下周一要开展手工活动、张老师要求家长给幼儿园准备废旧材料。周一那天，只有苗苗没带材料来，张老师就不让她参加活动。苗苗站在一旁，看同伴活动，情绪很低落，一天都很少说话。回家后，苗苗冲爸爸大发脾气……问题（1）你认为张老师的做法适宜吗？（1分）为什么？（9分） （2）你觉得张老师应该怎样做？（10分） 五、活动设计题（30分）16、中二班幼儿在娃娃家游戏中，接待客人主动热情，与长辈交往很有礼貌，可家长却说，孩子在家不是这样的，有客人来了很少打招呼，还经常对爷爷奶奶发脾气。 请针对上述幼儿行为的反差，设计解决这一问题的教育方案。要求：写出问题的原因分析、教育目标、3种教育指导内容与方法。 部分答案： 11.（1）性别差异 （2）年龄差异