2019届高考英语二轮语法复习精练：第4讲定语从句(含解析)

第四讲定语从句

1．(2019·高考全国乙卷语法填空)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days

on a TV show in the mid-1980s， I was the first Western TV reporter permitted

to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.

2．(2019·高考全国丙卷语法填空)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the development

of chopsticks.

3．(2019·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ单选，4改编)When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the

house I would be staying.

4．(2019·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ单选，8改编)That evening，

I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.

5．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for

tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.

6．(2019·高考广东卷语法填空)Nick's guests， had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.

7．(2019·高考广东卷语法填空)When harvest came around，he was already selling

herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market

people from the towns met regularly.

8．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Maybe you have a habit

is driving your family crazy.

9．(2019·高考广东卷语法填空)The next day，my brother and I went to the beach we watched some people play volleyball.

10．(2019·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Having tea in the late afternoon provides

a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 o'clock at night.

11．(2019·高考北京卷单选，22改编)I live next door to a couple

children often make a lot of noise.

12．(2019·高考天津卷单选，9改编)We will put off the picnic in the park until

next week， the weather may be better.

13．(2019·高考浙江卷单选，5改编)The children，all of which had played the whole

day long，were worn out.

14．(2019·高考天津卷单选，15改编)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere that his employees enjoy their work.

15．(2019·高考四川卷单选，4改编)Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，that is quite unexpected.

答案：1.when 2.who 3.where 4.which 5.that/which

6．who 7.where 8.that/which 9.where 10.that→which11.whose 12.when 13.which→whom14.that→where15.that→which

1．选择关系代词和关系副词的三个原则

(1)根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性；

(2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物；

(3)根据关系词在从句中所充当的成分。

若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语，则用关系代词；若从句中缺状语，则用关系副词。

2．牢记定语从句的特殊用法

看到先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，若引导词在从句中作状语，则常用关系副词where引导定语从句；若不作状语，则常用关系代词that/which。

3．熟记as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

(1)位置不同

as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。

(2)含义不同

as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。

4．“介词＋关系代词”中介词的选择原则

(1)根据介词与定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配；

(2)根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配；

(3)根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配；

(4)在非限制性定语从句中表“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”时常用介词of。

5．巧辨定语从句与其他从句

(1)定语从句与名词性从句的区别

定语从句前必须有先行词，先行词通常为名词或代词；名词性从句除同位语从句外，前

面均无名词或代词。

(2)定语从句与同位语从句的区别

二者前通常都有名词或代词，但定语从句起修饰、限定作用；同位语从句起解释、说明

作用；引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；而引导同位语从句的that在从

句中不作成分。

(3)非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别

若前后句之间有and，but，so等并列连词或分号等，则为并列句；若只有逗号，且逗号

后的内容是对前面某一名词或句子的补充说明，则为非限制性定语从句。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2019·江西红色七校一联)There，lying in the muddy river bed was a little dog

about two months old， front legs were tightly tied with ropes.

2．This is an age so many foreigners are crazy about teachings of Confucius.

3．(2019·广东汕头二模)Sierra Leone is a country basic health facilities

are lacking and many people are struggling with poverty.

4．(2019·山东青岛一模)On looking at the spot the bird had risen，I saw

two eggs.

5．When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.

6．Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can

be protected.

7．(2019·山东烟台3月诊断)The heart-warming story began in September last year a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood to accept her six-year-old son.

8．(2019·辽宁葫芦岛调研)With the fast development of agriculture，the people，

in village she taught 10 years ago，have lived a happy life.

9．(2019·江西新余一模)There are many new central leaders in China now，of many once worked in the western provinces.

10．(2019·安徽皖北协作区3月联考)If the earth is poisoned，the water，the food

and the animals will be poisoned， means that we who poison the earth will

be poisoned too.

11．The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.

12．Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from

the outside world.

13．He talked about the people and the place he had visited in that country.

14．He is a man never leaves today's work till tomorrow.

15．This is the way he told me yesterday.

16． the old saying goes，“You can't judge a book by its cover.”

17． is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.

18．The weather turned out to be very good， was more than we could expect.

19．I have read the book A Tale of Two Cities， was written by Charles Dickens.

20．They talked in such simple English children could understand.

答案：1.whose 2.when 3.where 4.where 5.where 6.where 7.when 8.whose 9.whom 10.which

11．whose 12.which/that 13.that 14.who/that

15．that 16.As 17.As 18.which 19.which 20.as

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Tibet is a beautiful part of China，without where our country would be incomplete.

2．The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop，which they plan to stay for three days.

3．If you risk something important，you cause it to be in a dangerous situation that you might lose it.

4．That is the reason why he explained to us.

5．This is the only way which we can find at present.

6．The pen with that he wrote was made in China.

7．The train with which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast.

8．This is the garden，gate of which is very large.

9．Who is the girl with which you just shook hands?

10．These houses are sold at such a low price that people expected.

答案： 1.where→which 2.which→where或which前加in 3.that→where

4.why→that/which

5.which→th at

6．that→which7.with→on 8.gate前加the 9.which→whom10.that→as

Ⅲ.语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

I was visiting the Cape Verde Islands with some friends.Although it was a 1. (wind)day，the water was clear and my friends were out on the reef.Going out to

snorkel(潜泳)，I

2. (notice)that an ocean current had spread to the bay，pushing me

towards rocks 3. (cover)in sea urchins(海胆)．Since I wasn't close to the

shore，4. would have been a tiring exercise to swim against it，so，using

the current，I made it back to shore in about an hour.

5． (lie)on the beach and out of breath，I heard a voice.A man，6. was one of the guys I had just met，was getting pushed past the rocks and would be

quickly carried out to sea.No one else was close，7. I jumped into the

water.Keeping a mark on all of the submerged rocks and sand bars(沙洲)，I swam out

to him.

“Get hold of my arm and when you reach a sand bar，grip it with your feel，”

I said over the roar of the waves.

With one hand，I held onto the man，and with 8. other，I was using all

of my remaining 9. (strong)to reach the sand bars.Again，I used the current

to get across the bay，towards the shallows.10. (final)，we crawled up

the sand and lay there watching the sun.

答案：1.windy 2.noticed 3.covered 4.it 5.Lying

6．who 7.so 8.the 9.strength 10.Finally

Ⅳ.短文改错

(2019·河北衡水中学模拟)Although it took place three years ago，I never forget

the evening party which is such a unforgettable experience.In the evening party，we both spoke English.Some boys and girls sang English songs and danced happy.Our monitor had offered us some riddles and crossword puzzles.Unless you couldn't guess it，you had to sing a song or dance or tell a story.The most exciting program is the short play “Cow and Cough”，where was played by our teacher and a few students.

We burst into laughter.The short play was not funny but instructive.When my classmate meet each other again，they often refer to that interested and unforgettable party.

答案：

Ⅴ.写作提升

A．作文例句翻译(用定语从句)

1．我们学生应该经常和我们的父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，最重要的是，他们是世界

上最爱我们的人。

2．很抱歉我没有立刻回复一周前你寄给我的电子邮件。

3．总之，能够在短时间内赢得他们的友谊是我一生中感到最自豪的事。

4．因此，那些做那些最不起眼工作的人应该得到和工程师或教师一样的尊重。

5．我让他给你带去你以前要的中国画。

答案：1.We students should often exchange ideas with our parents，who are rich

in experience，and above all，love us most in the world.

2．I’m sorry I couldn’t reply to your e-mail which you sent me a week ago

immediately.

3．In a word，being able to win their friendship in a very short time is the thing

that I am proud of most in my life.

4．Consequently，those who do those most insignificant jobs should get respect

as much as those being engineers or teachers.

5．I’ve asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you’ve asked for before.

B．根据上下文和括号中的提示，用定语从句完成语段。

In our school，there are various kinds of activities，1. (我们非常喜欢

它们)．Playing football and reading stories are my favorites 2. (它们对我有许多好处)．Besides building my body and enriching my knowledge，they also

free me from the heavy work or study.

From my point of view，if there is an activity 3. (使你感兴趣并适

合你)，you should participate in it，4. (它不仅能使你的学校生活丰富多

彩，还能提高你的交际能力)．

答案：1.which we enjoy very much 2.which do me lots of good 3.which interests

and suits you 4.which will not only enrich your school life，but also improve your

ability to communicate with others

定语从句

[注意](1)以下情况下一般用that：

①当先行词是指物的all，little，few，much，any，anything，everything，nothing，none，the one时，或先行词被all，little，few，much，any，every，no等修饰时。

②先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last，next)、最高级形容词及the only，the very等修饰时。

③先行词包括人和物时。

(2)当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因(只能是reason)等，且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时，就分别用when，where，why来引导定语从句。另外，when，where，why一般可用“介词＋which”替代，其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。

[特别提醒]当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时，不一定填关系副词when，where，

why，只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时，才用关系副词，否则要用关系代词。

高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集

20XX年高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集（02）名词 ▲一、考点聚焦 1.可数名词单、复数变化形式（1）规则变化。 ①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy - boys, pen - pens。 ②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass - glasses,box- boxes, watch - watches, brush - brushes。特例：stomach - stomachs ③以"辅音字母+ y"结尾的变"y"为"i"再加"-es"。如： baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly - flies。 ④以"o"结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato - tomatoes, potato - potatoes, hero - heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。如：radio - radios, zoo - zoos, photo - photos, piano - pianos, kilo - kilos, tobacco - tobaccos。 ⑤以"f"或"fe"结尾的名词复数形式变"f"或"fe"为"v"，之后再加-es。如：wife - wives, life - lives, knife - knives, wolf- wolves, self - selves, leaf - leaves等。特例：handkerchief- handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief - chiefs, gulf - gulfs, belief - beliefs, cliff - cliffs。 ⑥改变元音字母的。如：man - men, mouse - mice, foot - feet, woman - women, tooth - teeth, goose - geese, ox - oxen。特例：child - children。 ⑦复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair - armchairs, bookcase - bookcases, bookstore - bookstores。（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor - men doctors, woman driver - women drivers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law - brothers-in-law, passer-by - passers-by。 ⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero - zeros 、zeroes; penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。（2）不规则变化。 ①单、复数同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,Japanese, sheep, works（工厂）,cattle。 ②合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend - boy-friends, go-between- go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up - grown-ups。 ③有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富, surroundings环境，ashes灰尘, compasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，have words with sb. 同某人吵架，in high spirits 以很高热情地，give one's regards to sb.向某人问侯，in rags衣衫破烂，It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。 ④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people, cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery; 有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）；The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。 2、不可数名词的数（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：

高考英语专题复习定语从句)Word版

定语从句（1）一、概念 1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面，但as引导的修饰全句的定语从句可以放在句首。 2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用： (1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； (2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）; 常用的关系代词: that、which、 who、whom、whose、as 、but 1. that多指物，有时也指人。在从句中作主语或宾语，有时作表语，作宾语时常省略。 2. which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常省略。 3. who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。 4. whom指人，在从句中作宾语，在口语及非正式文体中常省略。 5. whose可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。 6. as指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。当先行词被the same，as，such等修饰时，多用as 引导。 7. but文语, 置于否定词之后=that/who…not…, "没有……不……", 在从句中作主语，宾语。二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that 在句中作宾语) 2) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 3) whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如： Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 4) 关系代词that和which (1) 不用that的情况： a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food. (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

高考英语二轮专题语法总复习-复合句

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【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向 1.【2017·新课标I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 1 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 5 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be) full of fat and salt; by 8 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会收到损害。 1. as 考查介词。句意：这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“做为，以... 身份”，故填as。 2. effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some 可知“副作用side effect”有很多，故填effects。 3. to process 考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物 require表示“要求”， require sb. to do sth. 表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”，表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填to process。 4. are removed 考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。

2019届高考英语二轮语法复习精练：第4讲 定语从句(含解析)