高考英语时态和语态详解
高考英语时态和语态详解
动词的时态和语态
一、时态
1、一般现在时（do/does; is/am/are）
①表示现在的情况、状态或特征。
例：He is a student.
他是一个学生。
②表示经常性、习惯性动作。
例：He always helps others.
他总是帮助别人。
③客观事实和普遍真理。
例：The earth moves the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
④表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词，可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。
常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。
⑤在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将的来事情。（即：主将从现原则）
例：I will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.
我一到机场就会给你打电话。
When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.
等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。
2、现在进行时(am/is/are doing)
①表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。
例：He is listning to the music now.
他现在正在听音乐。
②表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情，但不一定此时此刻正在做。
例：I am studying computer this term.
这个学期我一直在学习计算机。
③现在进行时可以表示将来的含义。
瞬时动词的进行一定表将来。
例：I am leaving.
我要离开了。
持续动词的进行只有有将来的时间状语或有将来语境中才表将来。
例：I am travelling next month.
下个月我要去旅行。
④现在进行时与频度副词连用，表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。
例：He is always helping others.
他总是帮助别人。（褒义）
3、现在完成时(have/has done)
①表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成，强调对现在产生的影响。
例：I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
我买了一所新房子，但是还没有卖掉旧的，所以现在我又两所房子。
②表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。
时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。
例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正
4、现在完成(have/has been doing)
表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。
例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.
到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。
5、一般过去时 (did; was/were)
①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
例：I bought some fruits yesterday.
我昨天买了一些水果。
②表示过去习惯性动作。
例：When I was a boy，I often swam in that river. would/used to do：表示过去常常......
例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.
老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。
6、过去完成时(had done)
表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的"过去的过去"。
Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months.
到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。
7、过去将来时(would do)
表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day. 我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。
8、过去进行时(was/ were doing)
①表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作。
例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago. 10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。
②表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。
例：I was travelling in London last summer vacation.
去年暑假我在伦敦旅行。
③过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。
瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义。
例：Then she said she was leaving.
然后她说她要离开了。
持续动词的过去进行时只有在有过去将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过去将来。
例：She said that she was travelling the next day.
她说她第二天要去旅行。
④过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。
9、一般将来时
（1）will do
①表示主语主观意愿的将来。
例：I will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.
我将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。
②表示客观将来。
例：Fish will die without water.
离开水，鱼会死。
③表示临时决定。
例：——Mary has been ill for a week.
——Oh，I didn't know. I will go and see her.
（2）am/is/are going to do
①表示计划、打算做某事。
例：This is just what I am going to say.
这正是我想说的。
②表示根据某种迹象看，很可能或即将发生的事情，表推测。例：Look at the dark clouds in the sky. It's going to rain. 看天上的乌云，要下雨了。
（3）am/is/are about to do
表示“即将、正要”时，可用。强调近期内或马上要做的事。例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.
别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。
（4）be to do
①表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.
星期一你准会在实验室见到她。
②该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.
孩子们，你们必须上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。
10、将来进行时(will be doing)
强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。
例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。
11、将来完成时(will have done)
表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是在某个将来时间完成，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。
例：The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.
会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。
12、将来完成进行时(will have been doing)
例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.
到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。
13、过去完成进行时(had been doing)
例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.
我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。
14、过去将来进行时(would be doing)
例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.
政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。
15、过去将来完成时(would have done)
例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.
我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。
16、过去将来完成进行时(would have been doing)
例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.
他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。
二、语态
1、被动语态使用要点
不及物动词不能用于被动语态
如appear，rise，die，happen，belong to，break out，take place等。Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.(误)
Great changes have taken place in my hometown. (正)
我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。
表示状态的动词不用于被动语态
如lack，fit，mean，hold，have，cost，contain，become，last，possess，consist of，look like等。
The book costs 10 yuan.这本书花了10元钱。
What’s become of her？她怎么了？
2、主动形式表被动的几种情况
(1)某些感官动词和系动词后加形容词可以表示被动意义，如look，smell，taste，feel，prove，wear，sound等。
The flower smells sweet.花闻起来很香。
The dish tastes delicious.菜吃起来非常可口。
(2)在主语是物的句子里，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义，这些词后常有副词修饰。常用的这类动词有
sell，read，write，wear，wash，open，clean，cook，keep，cut，fill，blow，measure，lock，run，record，begin，shut等。
This type of recorder sells well.
这种型号的录音机销路很好。
He doesn’t photograph well.他不太上相。
This kind of shirt cleans easily.这种衬衫容易洗干净。
(3)动名词主动形式表示被动意义
通常是事物(也可以是人)作want，need, require，deserve等动词的主语时，表示事物(或人)客观上“需要……”，用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义。若动名词是不及物的，后面还应有相应的介词。
The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。
这种用法还可把动名词改为动词不定式的被动形式来表被动。
The children need to be looked after.
(4)在作表语的某些形容词(easy，difficult，light，heavy，fit，good，safe，comfortable，dangerous，pleasant等)后作状语用的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
She is easy to approach.她平易近人。
The rock is hard to break.这块岩石很难打碎。
不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略
在主动语态中，如果感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语是动词，这个动词前往往不用to，但在被动语态中要带to。
I saw her pass by the window.我看见她从窗边经过。
She was seen to pass by the window.她被看见从窗边经过。
get (got)＋过去分词也可构成被动语态
get常同marry，beat，break，damage，tear，strike，hurt，paint，invite，repair，dress等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态。
John and Jane got married last month.
上个月，约翰和简结婚了。
They got caught in the storm.他们碰上暴风雨了。
三、小试牛刀
1. (2009年安徽卷)Daniel’s family________their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.
A．are enjoying B．are to enjoy
C．will enjoy D．will be enjoying
【解析】句意为：丹尼尔一家人下个星期的这个时候肯定正在黄山度假。根据this time next week判断，选用将来进行时will be doing。
【答案】 D
2. (2009年辽宁卷)My parents have promised to come to see me before I________for Africa.
A．have left B．leave
C．left D．will leave
【解析】句意为：我父母已经答应在我去非洲之前来看我。不定式to come to see me表示的是将来动作，before引导的时间状语从句需用一般现在时。
【答案】 B
3．(2009年上海卷)During the period of recent terrorist activities，people________not to touch any unattended bag.
A．had always been warned
B．were always being warned
C．are always warning
D．always warned
【解析】句意为：在最近恐怖活动期间，人们总是在被警告不要碰任何无人照看的包。be always doing sth.总是做某事，表达某种抱怨、不满或赞许的情绪。人们是“被警告”，要用被动语态。
【答案】 B
4．(2009年山东卷)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities________rising steadily since 1997.
A．is B．are
C．has been D．have been
【解析】句意为：在中国上大学的外国留学生的数量自1997年以来稳步上升。“the number of＋n.”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式；由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。
【答案】 C
5. (2009年江苏卷)—Ann is in hospital.
—Oh，really？I________know.I________go and visit her. A．didn’t；am going to B．don’t；would
C．don’t；will D．didn’t；will
【解析】句意为：——Ann在住院。——哦，真的吗？我还不知道呢。我要去看望她。这里讲的I didn’t know指的是在对方还没告知Ann在住院这件事之前，我不知道，所以用一般过去时；第二个空用will指的是事先未经计划或安排的“意愿，打算”。
【答案】 D
6. (2009年江苏卷)—Hi，Torry，can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?
—Sorry.________.
A．It’s repaired
B．It has been repaired
C．It’s being repaired
D．It had been repaired
【解析】句意为：——嗨，Torry，今天下午我能用一会儿你的电脑吗？——真抱歉，电脑正在修理。该句强调的是此时电脑正被维修，需用现在进行时的被动语态。
【答案】 C
7．(2009年浙江卷)—What do you think of the movie?
—It’s fantastic.The only pity is that I________the beginning of it. A．missed B．had missed
C．miss D．would miss
【解析】句意为：——你觉得这部电影怎么样？——太棒了。唯一可惜的是，我错过了开头部分。错过开头部分对于现在而言是发生在过去的事情，故选A。
【答案】 A
8. (2009年全国卷Ⅰ)His sister left home in 1998，and________since. A．had not been heard of
B．has not been heard of
C．had not heard of
D．has not heard of
【解析】句意为：他妹妹在1998年离开家，从那以后就没了音讯。根据句意，指的是过去离开以后，到现在一直没音讯，故用现
在完成时；hear of与his sister在本句中为被动关系，故用被动语态，所以选B。
【答案】 B
9. (2009年福建卷)According to the literary review，
Shakespeare________his characters live through their language in his plays.
A．will make B．had made
C．was making D．makes
【解析】句意为：这篇文学评论说，莎士比亚使他剧中的人物通过语言鲜活起来。本句考查时态，当介绍一种理论时，常用一般现在时。
【答案】 D
10．(2009年辽宁卷)Excuse me，Marcia，a reporter from Vanity Fair________all day.Could you speak to her now?
A．phones B．has phoned
C．has been phoning D．phoned
【解析】句意为：打扰了，Marcia，一名Vanity Fair的记者打了一整天的电话。你现在可以接她的电话吗？根据句意和时间状语all day可知，此句需用现在完成进行时表示说话人的一种情感，如：
不满，抱怨，责备等。注意，现在完成时表示到目前为止动作可能已经结束，侧重对现在产生的影响或结果。
【答案】 C
11．(2010届浙江嘉兴一中摸底测验)—Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?
—Terry？Never！She________tents and fresh air!
A．has hated B．hated
C．will hate D．hates
【解析】结合题意可知此处应用一般现在时表示她的习惯，她讨厌帐篷和新鲜的空气。
【答案】 D
12．(2010届安徽芜湖一中一模)—Got your driving license?—No.I________too busy to have enough practice，so I didn’t take the driving test last week.
A．was B．am
C．have been D．had been
【解析】考查时态。根据句中so I didn’t take the driving test last week可知说话人过去一直很忙而没有进行足够的练习，以至于没有参加上周的驾照考试。发生在过去的动作“take”之前，因此应该用过去完成时。
【答案】 D
13．(2010届成都玉林中学月考)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he________from the university next year.
A．will graduate B．will have graduated
C．graduates D．is to graduate
【解析】考查时态。by the time引导的是时间状语从句，而本句的主句是将来时，所以从句用一般现在时表示将来。
【答案】 C
14．(2010届甘肃天水一中段考)I________in London for many years，but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China. A．lived B．have lived
C．had lived D．was living
【解析】“我在伦敦生活了很多年”只是对过去的一般叙述，过去的动作并没有对现在造成影响，故用一般过去时。
【答案】 A
15．(2010届苏州调研)—What’s your opinion about my suggestion?—Sorry，I________.Would you please say it again?
A．hadn’t listened B．wouldn’t listen
C．wasn’t listening D．didn’t listen
【解析】考查时态。从本题的语境来看，说话人刚才没有在听对方的建议，因此，使用过去进行时，表示“听”的动作刚才没有在发生。
【答案】 C
16．(2010届合肥检测)Although many measures________，the world’s economy is still going down.
A．were taken B．have been taken
C．will be taken D．are taken
【解析】考查动词的时态与语态。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响，所以用现在完成时；take与measures之间构成动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。
【答案】 B
17. (2010届福建检测)Since the beginning of the vacation，
I______across the country，and my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains. A．had traveled B．will travel
C．have been traveling D．was traveling
【解析】考查动词的时态。该题的时间状语为since＋过去的时间点，结合后面的“my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains”可以看出这里应该用现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去。
【答案】 C
18．(2010年东城检测)Right now the government is trying to control the number of people who________by H1N1 flu.
A．have been affected B．have affected
C．are affected D．affect
【解析】考查动词的时态语态。句意为：政府正在试图控制感染H1N1流感的人的数量。人们被感染流感，用sb.be affected by sth.结构，这里说的是现在的一般情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。【答案】 C
高考英语动词时态和语态讲解与专项练习题
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2018高考英语动词时态和语态精讲精练 在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。 时态主动语态形式被动语态形式 一般现在时am/is/are/do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时was/were/did was/were done 现在完成时has/have done has/have been done 现在完成进行 时 has/have been doing/ 现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done 过去完成时had done had been done 将来完成时will/shall have done will/shall have been done 一般将来时will/shall do am/is/are going to do am/is/are coming/leaving am/is/are to do am/is/are about to do will/shall be done am/is/are to be done 过去将来时would do was going to do was coming/leaving was to do was about to do would be done was/were to be done 将来进行时will/shall be doing/ 考点1一般现在时 一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空： ①I'll go there after I________(finish)my work. ②The water will be further polluted unless some measures________(take)． ③My train________(leave)at6：30. ④A snow________(expect)to come next week. ⑤Here________(come)the bus. ⑥This kind of cloth________(wash)well. ⑦Don't take it away.It________(belong)to me. ⑧He said water________(boil)at100℃. 考点2一般过去时和现在完成时 一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。 现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so far＝up to now＝up until now＝by now，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强
近五年高考英语动词时态和语态
动词时态和语态 河北定兴中学张春青 简介：本资料共分两部分，第一部分是2007年高考题目，第二部分是2003—2006年题目 共164题。附答案 一、2007高考题目 1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. [2007 全国卷I] A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago. [2007 全国卷 I] A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been 3. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home. [2007 全国卷II] A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 4. —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? —I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. [2007 全国卷II] A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’ｔ 5. —Did you tidy your room? [2007 上海卷] —No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 6. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. [2007 上海卷] A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered 7. They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. [2007 山东卷] A．had got B．got C．have got D．get 8. —Did Peter fix the computer himself? —He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers. [2007 安徽卷] A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it 9. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years. [2007 安徽卷] A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking 10. —How can I apply for an online course? —Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you. [2007 北京卷] A.see B.are seeing C. have seen D. will see 11. I got caught in the rain and my suit____. [2007 北京卷] A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 12. —It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. —Oh, don’t mention it. I _____past your house anyway. [2007 北京卷] A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come 13. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.[2007 福建卷] —Impossible. She ______TV with me in my home then.