2013高考英语二轮复习专项—阅读理解专题二 综合细节题
2013高考英语二轮复习专项—阅读理解专题一细节理解题
从近几年的高考阅读理解题来看，细节理解题在各地区的试卷中都占有相当大的比例，因此不容忽视。细节理解题主要考查考生快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的信息或理解特定信息的能力。其考查内容主要涉及：1．时间、地点、人物、事件；2．议论文中的例证；3．数字，如时间、年龄、金额、数量等；4．原因或结果；5．定义。该类试题要求考生在做题时培养快速定位相关细节的能力。
一、事实认定类
一般包括直接理解题和间接理解题。前者在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，which，when，where，why和how等提问，或是判断正误；后者需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后才能得出结论。做这类题时一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速浏览短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
主要设题形式：
What can we learn about…from the passage?
How many…does the speaker refer to when he talks about…?
Why did the two men never talk about climbing when they first met?
All the following are mentioned except．．．
Which of the following is true／right／false／wrong(about…)?
【实例透析】
【2012江西卷A】
Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father’s wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.
―Dad will be really mad if he finds out you’ve been playing with his new computer.‖ Jason said, ―He told us not to touch it.‖
―He won’t find out.‖ Mark said, ―I’ll just have a quick look and shut it down.‖
Mark had been scolded before for touching his father’s equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.
―It was a strange-looking machine –one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. ―It’s an experimental model,‖ his father had explained, ―so don’t touch it under any circumstances.‖But his warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into colors, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: ―SPACE TRANSPORTER.‖
―Yes!‖ Mark cried excitedly, ―It’s a computer game. I knew it! Dad’s only been pretending
to work. He’s really been playing games instead.‖ A new message appeared on the screen: ―ENTER NAMES
VOYAGER 1: …
VOYAGER 2: …‖
Mark’s fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names.
―INPUT ACCEPTED. START TRANSPORT PROGRAM. AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED （自动回收程序已启动）.‖
The screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume.
―I think we’d better shut it off, Mark,‖ Jason yelled, reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened.
But his hand never reached the switch. A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow (光芒), until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed.
―TRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL. DESTINATION: MARS. RETRIEVE DATE: 2025.‖56．Why did Mark touch the computer against his father’s warning?
A．He wanted to take a voyage. B．He wanted to practice his skill
C．He was so much attracted by it. D．He was eager to do an experiment. 57．Where did the boy’s father most likely work?
A．In an electronic factory. B．In a computer company.
C．In a scientific research center. D．In an information processing center. 58．Mark thought ―SPACE TRANSPORTER‖ on the screen was the name of .
A．a computer game B．a company website
C．a software producer D．an astronomy program
59．Why did Jason want to shut off the computer?
A．He was afraid of being scolded.
B．He didn’t like the loud noise and light.
C．He didn’t want to play games any more.
D．He was afraid something dangerous might happen.
60．What happened to the boys at the end of the story?
A．They were blown into the air. B．They were sent to another planet.
C．They were hidden in the strong light. D．They were carried away to another country 【解析】56.C。考查细节事实认定理解。根据第五段第三句"But his father’s warning only served to make Mark more curious .Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch""但是他爸爸的警告仅仅使得Mark更加好奇。没有再考虑，Mark打开了开关"，选择C。
57.C. 考查细节理解。由第一段最后一句"He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father"，"他喜欢实验并且他的目标是成为像他爸爸一样的科学家。‖以及第五段第一句― one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked.‖―一个他爸爸从他工作的实验室买回家的‖，选择C
58. A.考查细节事实认定理解。由第六段"It’s a computer game. I knew it！.""它是电脑游戏。我知道！‖选择A
59 .D。考查细节事实认定理解。由倒数第三段"The screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume.""频幕甚至变得更亮，一个噪音音量突然增大"，以及倒数第二段"He was really frightened.""他真的非常害怕"判断出D选项。
60。D．考查细节事实认定理解。由最后一段"TRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL. DESTINATION （目的地）: MARS.RETRIEV E DATE:2025.‖ "运输成功。目的地：火星。恢复时间：2025."选择D。
【解题技巧】
1．运用略读和寻读相结合的方法，把选项与原句进行比较。也可以用排除法。
2．注意同一语意的不同表达方式。有时为了增加试题的难度，问题的表达一般不用文章中的原话，而是使用同义词、近义词变换，句型变换等手段来表达。因此，在做题时考生应首先看准题干，弄清问题所在。
3．了解细节理解题命题的题眼，认真总结。该类试题的考查点通常有：时间、地点、事件，转折处和对比处，因果句，破折号、括号、冒号表示解释等特殊标点处。
二、排列顺序类
这类试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出答案。从体裁上看该类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。常见的设题形式有：
Which of the following is the correct order of....?
Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?
Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph...?
Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald's life according to the passage？
【实例透析】
Yao Ming landed in the U．S．in the summer of 2002, 7 - feet, 6 - inches worth of fancy footwork(花式步伐), armed with a soft shooting touch．He was the top player selected by the Houston Rockets, whose new activities place would soon be promoted by Toyota．The Japanese carmaker had just opened a new plant in China, and the company expects that Yao fans would soon become Corolla fans．
For many Americans, Yao was their understanding to the Chinese economic engine．He was a government project, brought up from a young age in order to show the new China to the world．China fulfilled its promise; since those unforgettable days of 2002, through the Beijing Olympics and beyond, the country has stayed on its path towards superpower figure．Yao, sadly, fell short．
According to an early report from Yahoo! Sports, which was confirmed by several other news organizations, Yao is going to retire．He just couldn’t conquer the injuries．A broken bone in his left foot absences Yao after just five games last season．A broken foot forced him to miss all of the 2009 -2010 season．In fact, due to foot and knee injuries, Yao played in more than 55 games just once over the past six seasons．
Prior to Yao, players over 74" were usually one - skill person．Manute Bol, at 77" , blocked shots and, during one stretch, acted as a shamed three-pointer．Shawn Bradley, 76" , had skills, but was far too gentle to be a star．Yao, however, could do it all．At his top, in 2006 - 2007, he averaged 25 points per game．His turnaround jumper was unstoppable．His post -passes were usually on the money．（It helps when you can see over everyone．）Yao, who played in just eight seasons, finished his career averaging 19．0 points, and 9．2 rebounds, per game．His Rockets never advanced further than the second round of the playoffs(季后赛)．
Whatever on - court milestones Yao's body never allowed him to achieve, he more than made up for off the court．Yao was so much more than a basketball player．To the Chinese public who admired him, he was a symbol of his home country's possibility．Yao carried the Chinese flag at the Olympic opening ceremonies, soaking in the love of his country．
1．Toyota' s purpose of supporting Yao is to _______．
A．let Yaoming make money．B．advertise their cars widely．
C．organize their basketball team．D．let Yaoming drive their cars to games．2．When did China keep on its development to some large countries?
A．Since 2000．B．In 2006．C．In 2007．D．In 2010．3．What can I know in the fourth paragraph?
A．Manute Bol has integrated skills．B．Yaoming has integrated skills．
C．Shawn Bradley has integrated skills．D．Shawn Bradley acted as a shamed three –pointer.
4．What can we infer from the fifth paragraph?
A．Yaoming didn't achieve any life goals．B．Yaoming is only a good basketball player．
C．People see the strength of China from Yao． D．Yaoming always holds flags in the
game．
5．Which one of the following stating orders is right?
a．The Japanese carmaker supported Yaoming．
b．Yao missed many games due to foot and knee injuries,．
c．Yao held the Chinese flag at the Olympic opening．
d．Yao Ming went to the U．S．for the first time．
A．c, a, b, d B．d ,b ,c ,a C．c ,b ,d ,a D．d, a ,c ,b
【答案与解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了姚明的职业生涯以和他在篮球方面的成就以及对中国经济在世界上地位的提高，都做出了巨大的贡献。
1.B考查细节理解题。从第一段的He was the top player selected by the Houston Rockets, whose new activities place would soon be promoted by Toyota．The Japanese carmaker had just opened a new plant in China, and the company expects that Yao fans would soon become Corolla fans．看出答案。
2.A考查细节理解题。从第二段的China fulfilled its promise; since those unforgettable days of 2002, through the Beijing Olympics and beyond, the country has stayed on its path towards superpower figure看出答案。
3.B考查推理题。从第四段的Yao, however, could do it all．At his top, in 2006 - 2007, he averaged 25 points per game．His turnaround jumper was unstoppable．His post -passes were usually on the money．(It helps when you can see over everyone．) Yao, who played in just eight seasons, finished his career averaging 19．0 points, and 9．2 rebounds, per game．His Rockets never advanced further than the second round of the playoffs（季后赛）．可推出答案。
4.C考查推理题。从第五段的To the Chinese public who admired him, he was a symbol of his home country's possibility．Yao carried the Chinese flag at the Olympic opening ceremonies, soaking in the love of his country可推出答案。
5.D考查细节理解题。文章第一段写到了Yao Ming went to the U．S．for the first time．和The Japanese carmaker supported Yaoming．，第二段写到了…through the Beijing Olympics；第三段写到了In fact, due to foot and knee injuries, Yao played in more than 55 games just once over the past six seasons。故选D项。
【解题技巧】做这种题时首先应注意把握文章的时间线索，其次注意观察事件发展的先后顺序及。情节安排的规律，其次应把注意力放在分析因与果上，一般来说因在先、果在后。
还有一条捷径就是：比如上题各项中的排在最前面的有：e，d，a，那么看这三项哪个是最先发生的，然后排除掉两项，再看排在第二位的几项哪个在先，这样逐一排除就可以既快又准确地得出答案。
三、图文匹配类
在有图表、图画的阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中，比如地图、气象图、表示所占百分比的柱状图等；有的出现在选项中。这些图表、图画的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。通常的设题形式是在选项中给出四幅图，要求考生根据阅读材料选出答案。
常见的设题形式有：
Which…(on the mad)lies in／on／to the south／north／west／east of…?
To move the ball down the field．players must be like ．
Which of the following is most likely to be…?
Which o f the following pictures indicates…?
Which o f the four pictures below is the closest to the…as described in the text?
Which of the following pictures shows the house for the Iroquois Indians?
【实例透析】
【2012陕西卷A】
What brings a nation together? Of the four choices — shared values, language, history, and religion, it’s shared values. In our latest poll (民意调査), seven out of 16 countries chose values as the greatest factor (因索）bringing a nation together, and six preferred language. Both choices scored high in the poll, suggesting that our values and how we express them are closely linked Still, history was not forgotten in some countries, particularly in Mexico and Russia. Even Canada and the United States chose national histories as the second-most important factor uniting their people. The biggest surprise? Not one country picked religion as its top choice.
…
48. According to the charts, shared values and language were considered equally important in .
A. Australia
B. Brazil
C. China
D. India
【解析】D。图文信息理解判断题。根据图表可以看出India对于价值取向和语言的意思看到一样重要，故本题选D。
四、数字和计算类
数字计算题是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题在文章中可以直接找到相关的细节，但要经过具体的计算才能够得出答案。文章中出现的许多数字信息，有时通过单词来表现出来，如decade，century，fortnight，double，score等，它们对解题会起到一定的作用。解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算得出答案。
【实例透析】
【2012福建卷C】
[1]…
[2] Affordable plans that I can understand一and no contract to sign (签订）！Unlike other cell phones，Jitterbug has plans that make sense. Why should I pay for minutes I m never going to use? And if I do talk more than I plan，I won ’t find myself with no m inutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone. Best of all, there is no contract to sign, so I m not locked in for years at a time. The US-based customer service is second to none. And the phone gets service anywhere in the country.
Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you don ’t love it, just return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to -use right out of the box. If you aren't as happy with it as I am, you can return it and get your money back. Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions.
Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit www. jitterbugdirect. com.
64. On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about .
A. $3.75
B. $4.99
C. $14.99
D. $19.99
【解析】B。数字计算题。根据表格中的第二列可知每个月是$19.99, 那么每个月是4周，所以19.99÷4=4.99，所以答案为B项。
【2012四川卷B】
Here is your best chance to travel around the UK in 2012: More than 200 B&Bs（bed & breakfast）across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are selected to offer you amazing services for your stay at their lowest prices! Don’t miss it. Just collect the vouchers（活动券）in our B&B Daily printed from 01/04/2012 to 07/04/2012 and book the stays for your travel following the terms and conditions below:
●The offer includes a room for the night and a breakfast the next morning.
●The offer is of two kinds: ￡20 per room, valid（有效的）during stay period of 02/04/2012
—31/05/2012 and then again 01/09/2012—31/10/2012；￡35 per room, per night, valid during stay period of 01/06/2012—31/08/2012.
●The offer is valid for a basic twin or double room only.
●The stay must be booked directly with the chosen B&Bs before 28/04/2012.
●Each voucher can only be used by the holder to book one room for one night.
●If voucher holders book either the ￡20 or ￡35 per room per night, any additional services
such as lunch, evening meal or activities may require an extra charge. But these are not required in order to take up the offer. Please check directly with your chosen B&Bs to see what extra services are available.
●Vouchers must be presented on arrival. If no vouchers are presented, the B&Bs may reserve
（保留）the right to charge at full price for every night of stay.
●Vouchers may not be used together with any other offer.
●The voucher holders must pay for the stay in full at the time of booking. Additional ￡10
may be paid to confirm（确认）the booking and will be returned on arrival.
●The B&Bs reserve the right to refuse voucher holders’ bookings for people under the age of
18.
45. The voucher can be used for a stay at the chosen B&B on ______.
A. 09/01/2012
B. 04/02/2012
C. 01/03/2012
D. 28/04/2012
46. How much should be paid for a two-night stay in October 2012 at a chosen B&B?
A. ￡70
B. ￡40
C. ￡35
D. ￡30
47. What right do the B&Bs reserve?
A. To charge extra ￡10 for bookings with no vouchers.
B. To refuse bookings for guest under the age of 18.
C. To charge at full price for stays not confirmed.
D. To request extra charges as tips.
45. D 细节理解——数字计算题。根据文中所提到的时间：02/04/2012—31/05/2012；01/09/2012—31/10/2012；01/06/2012—31/08/2012可知，四到十月活动券有效。故答案为D。
46. B 细节理解数字计算题。根据文中“￡20 per room, valid（有效的）during stay period of
02/04/2012—31/05/2012 and then again 01/09/2012—31/10/2012”可知，在十月住两天晚上需￡40。
47.B 细节理解题。根据最后一条规定“The B&Bs reserve the right to refuse voucher holders’bookings for people under the age of 18”可知答案为B。
【解题技巧】细读句子获事实对号入座核原文
1．细读相关句子。细读是获取事实和细节不可缺少的方法之一，它使读者能够接受信息、记忆信息、分析信息，从而较深入地领会一篇文章。
2．采用“对号入座”的方法。即带着问题找句子，先看文章后面的问题，注意记住关键的词语，如人物、时间、事件等，确定每道题目的题眼，也就是说，某个问题是针对什么提问的。这样我们就可以带着问题去阅读文章，做到有的放矢。当读到有关问题的题眼的信息时，可在其下面画线以示突出。在原文中找出相应信息后，可把原文信息放到问题中去，与每一选项进行对照，与愿文信息相符的那一项即是答案。
【能力过关】
Passage 1
A cancer-stricken British teenage said Thursday she had been moved by messages of support from around the world after writing an online ―Bucket List‖ of things she wanted to do before dying.
Alice Pyne，l5，created an internet blog in which she described her fight against a cancer of the white blood cells. ―I’ve been fighting cancer for almost four years and now I know that the cancer is gaining on me and it doesn’t look like I’m going t o win this one,‖ she wrote .
For her list，at the site https://www.360docs.net/doc/a912856123.html,, she has included making everyone sign up to be a bone marrow donor(骨髓捐赠者)，swimming with sharks , meeting boy band Take That and getting a purple iPad computer.
Messages of support and offers of help quickly flooded her webpage and it became one of the most talked about subjects on Twitter．
―Oh, dear and I thought that I was just doing a little blog for a few friends!‖ she wrote after her site attracted huge attention．―Thank you so much for all your lovely messages to me。‖Pyne，who lives with her family in the northwest English town of Ulverston, revealed(透露)the management of Take That had arranged for her to see the band after reading her blog. A group of local lawmakers have also joined forces with the Anthony blood cancer charity to encourage people to join its stem cell register.
1．What happened after Alice Pyne wrote her ―Bucket List‖?
A．People around the world sent messages to support her.
B. People sent gifts to her from all over the world.
C. A lot of people offered to donate bone marrow to her.
D. The media called on people to help her．
2．Alice Pyne wrote her ―Bucket List‖ to .
A. catch people’s attention
B. say goodbye to a few friends
C. give comfort to two terminally ill men
D. express her last few wishes
3．It can be inferred from the second paragraph that Alice Pyne .
A. is unaware of her own conditions
B. is very sad to know that she will die
C. is calm to know that death is approaching
D. is still quite confident in fighting against cancer
4．Which of the following is NOT on Alice Pyne’s ―Bucket List‖?
A．To ask people to donate bone marrow. B. To get a cool computer．
C. To swim with shark. D．To meet a boy
5. Take That will arrange to .
A．meet Pyne in person B. help Pyne in any possible way
C. donate money to Pyne
D. invite Pyne to join the band
Passage 2
I am a strong believer that if a child is raised with approval, he learns to love himself and will be successful in his own way.
Several weeks ago，I was doing homework with my son in the third grade and he kept standing up from his chair to go over the math lines．I kept asking him to sit down, telling him that he would concentrate better. He sat but seconds later, as if he didn’t even notice he was doing it, he got up again．I was getting frustrated, but then it hit me．I started noticing his answers were much quicker and accurate when he stood up．Could he be more intent while standing up？
This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe. I was raised to believe that a quiet, calm child was a sure way to success．This child would have the discipline to study hard, get good grades and become someone important in life．
Now those same people perhaps come to realize that their kids are born with their own sets of DNA and personality traits，and all you can do is loving and accepting them．As parents，throughout their growing years and beyond that, we need to be our kids' best cheerleaders，guiding them and helping them find their way.
I have stopped asking my son to sit down and concentrate．Obviously, he is concentrating just in his own way and not mine．We need to learn to accept our kids' ways of doing things．Some way may have worked for me but doesn't mean we need to carry it through generations．There is nothing sweeter than being individual and unique．It makes us free and happy and that's just the way I want my kids to live their own life．
1. At the beginning, the author tried to keep his son seated in order to make him________.
A. pay more attention to his study
B. keep silent in the room
C. finish his homework on time
D. get right answers
2. Inspired by the case of his son，the author began to doubt________.
A．the importance of parents B．the old form of education C．the relationship between kids and their parents D．the good grades of some kids
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is right?
A. We should help kids correct their wrong ways.
B. Parents should study their kids’ DNA.
C. Kids should be taught to behave themselves.
D. Parents should love and accept their kids.
4. The author has stopped asking his son to sit down because __________.
A. he has changed his traditional ideas
B. his son wants to be unique
C. his son doesn’t follow his advice
D. his son’s DNA is different
5. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
A. Study hard and you'll be successful
B. Be friendly to your children
C. Children's success in their own style
D. Parents' help with their children's study
Passage 3
Tickets and Events for 2012 London Olympic Games
Tickets
1．A Chinese who wants to get tickets for Olympic Football Tournament should _____．A．apply to a European appointed ATR by Dec．2, 2011
B．purchase through NPC in China by Feb．6, 2012
C．visit http://www．tickets．london2012．com now
D．contact the NOC in China by Feb．6, 2012
2．____will be held in the Olympic Park．
A．Walking and table tennis B．Running and women's basketball quarter-finals C．Taekwondo and table tennis D．Men's basketball quarter-finals and taekwondo 3．Which sport will last the longest period of time?
A．Athletics．B．Taekwondo．C．Basketball．D．Table Tennis．
Passage 4
Tired of those characterless business hotel chains? Beijing offers some special choices for you to experience luxury(奢侈) and uniqueness.
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【英语】高考英语阅读理解专题训练答案
【英语】高考英语阅读理解专题训练答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Google's new camera, called Clips, is a smart device. It comes with a case that has a clip (夹子), but it's not designed to be worn on your clothing. Most interestingly, it uses artificial intelligence to take photography out of your hands and captures moments entirely on its own! What sets this roughly 2-inch by 2-inch camera, with a three-hour battery life and Gorilla Glass for toughness apart is that it is specially intended for candid moments, like when a child does something cute that may happen too quickly for you to pull out your smartphone. The Clips device, it uses machine learning algorithms (计算程序) to help capture scenes. Those algorithms include face recognition. "Once it learns that there's a face you see frequently, it'll try to get nice photos of those faces," said Juston Payne, the device's product manager. And they also want it to recognize facial expressions, which involved "training it to know what happiness looks like". The Google team also trained it to recognize what not to shoot—like when a child's hand is over the lens, or if it is tossed in a dark purse. The only way to see the images is by connecting the camera with your phone, as it has no screen for viewing or editing. Concerned it could seem strange? Yes, Payne admitted, but he said they addressed that by making it obvious what it is. A green light on the front signals that it is on. Besides, unlike a camera meant to monitor your home, it is not connected to the Internet. "This product is only possible because of the way that silicon(硅) has advanced," Payne said that now they could squeeze the technology down into a device this size. Going forward, we're likely to get more assistance from the artificial intelligence packed into our apps and gadgets.（1）What is the most outstanding feature of Clips? A.It enables easy Internet access. B.It is equipped with tough glass. C.It can be worn on your clothing. D.It allows of hands-free photography. （2）What does the underlined word "candid" in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Awkward. B.Brief. C.Touching. D.Unforgettable. （3）What makes Clips a reality according to Juston Payne? A.The advance in technology. B.The popularity of the Internet. C.The screen for viewing and editing. D.The rise of the smartphone industry. （4）What does the text mainly talk about? A.New gadgets in the age of apps.
高考英语阅读理解练习题集(附答案)
高考阅读理解技巧 一、阅读理解题选材 高考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则： 1. 文章一般为3篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在1100单词左右； 2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容； 3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。 二、英语阅读文体类型 学会分析体裁的能力对我们做好阅读理解来说是非常重要的。由于不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次，所以我们可以根据这种特点来快速分析文章的体裁： ●记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落，文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线，弄清who、 what、where、why与how。文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。 ●描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题，主题词往往出 现在各个句子里，贯穿文章的始末；紧围绕这个主题进行阅读，找到文章与之有关的信息，并确定信息与主题的关系。 ●说明文用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系，这类文体的文章，首句往往是主 题句，开门见山，说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。 英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法： 1，定义与诠释说明； 2，举例与引用说明； 3，分类与图表说明； 4，比较与比喻说明； 5，分析与综合说明； 就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。 ●议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据 从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。 就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有： 1，总分式总---分；分----总；总----分---总； 2，并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系； 3，递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系； 4，对照式把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。 ●应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清 作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。