2020年高考英语阅读理解文章结构题专练(附答案)

2020年高考英语阅读理解文章结构题专练（附答案）

一、阅读理解（共10题；共82分）

1.阅读理解。

“Is there anything else you need, honey？” my dad asked me as he put three twenty-dollar bills in my hand.

I was traveling back home from a family visit, and after treating me to breakfast and filling my car with gas, it was obvious that my dad wanted to make sure that I would be okay on the road.

“No, Dad. You've done so much already. Thank you！” I was overwhelmed once again by his kind acts of providing everything I needed, despite the fact I just turned 40. Yet I realize that in my father's eyes, I will always be his little girl. He takes deep pleasure in knowing his children are all right. Now that he has enough money, he loves to give whenever he sees a need.

But this was not always the case. Divorced from my mother when I was 11, my dad couldn't be around his kids as often as he would have liked. Money was also tight; even weekend visits were rare. However, my dad stayed in constant communication with us and made sure he was involved in our lives. Though he couldn't always be there in person, I knew he was only a phone call away. I could always count on that.

Even now, almost 30 years later, I treasure knowing that I can pick up the phone and call Dad, and he'll be there for me. I have a wonderful husband, but that hasn't changed how Dad sees me. I'm still his child and he loves to see that my needs are met.

I remember a time when I was shopping in a hardware store(五金店)with Dad. I mentioned my plans to paint one wall in my house. Well, that's all it took for Dad to take action. By the time I got to the checkout(结账) line, all the supplies I picked out were put out of my hands and placed with things he bought.

Then there was the time when I took him with me to do some grocery shopping for just a few “ items”. By the time we were finished, my shopping cart was full of groceries from every shelf in the store! My sister and I joke that if you don't want Dad to buy it for you, avoid even mentioning you want something.

（1）What's the best title for the passage?

A. Father's considerate love

B. Father's generosity

C. The love for children

D. Love's power

（2）The author demonstrates her father's love for her mainly by________.

A. examples

B. reasoning

C. persuasion

D. argument

（3）Which of the following is not TRUE?

A. The author's father was divorced when she was 11.

B. Now the father's economic condition is satisfying.

C. The father has a great sense of responsibility.

D. After the author got married, her father no longer get himself involved in her life.

（4）The authors' two shopping experiences with father show________.

A. father paid little attention to money

B. father was quick in action

C. father paid great attention to his children's needs

D. father loved going shopping very much

2.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

My husband and I are saving thousands of dollars every year by growing our own vegetables in our backyard. We learn something new every year and this website has been made to share tips with other people that would like to grow some of their own food.

It's true that if you are starting from fresh, it will cost a little bit of money to get started. However, once everything is set up, the cost is very small and the rewards are huge. The size of your family and how many vegetables you eat determine exactly how much money you can save every year. We do a lot of juicing, so we are saving thousands of dollars by growing some carefully selected greens.

There is an amazing sense of accomplishment when you grow your own vegetables. Vegetables out of your vegetable garden don't get any fresher, tastier or more satisfying. The whole family can get involved in this hobby and kids will learn where food comes from and appreciate nature even more.

Our approach to vegetable gardening is completely different from the normal one. We are doing it in the lazy way with zero digging and fertilizing(施肥). The way we grow our vegetables is to emulate natural ecosystems. No rows of carrots can be found in our garden beds. Rain forests seem to do just fine without human interference(干预) or having plants sown in rows, so we have applied the same principle to our vegetable garden and we care producing more vegetables than ever.

By copying nature we spend little time working in the vegetable garden but get a much better crop than previous years when we followed the rules. What can I say? We're such rebels.(叛逆者）

（1）What does the author think about people growing their own vegetables?

A. It is a rewarding activity.

B. It is costly in the beginning.

C. People should devote many efforts.

D. People should share their tips.

（2）What does the underlined word “emulate” in paragraph 4 mean?

A. Create.

B. Imitate(模仿).

C. Protect

D. Improve.

（3）Why does the author call her and her husband “rebels”?

A. They use unconventional ways to grow vegetables.

B. They don't buy vegetables from the market.

C. They even try to grow vegetables in the rain forests.

D. They don't grow ordinary vegetables.

（4）Which of the following shows the structure of the text? (P: Paragraph)

A. B. C. D.

3.阅读理解

Have you ever felt like you are not given the kind of respect you deserve? In one way or another, all of us have felt this way. We've yearned(渴望) to be looked at as an authority, someone people look up to and trust. We're not taught in school how to do this and our parents didn't tell us the secret on how to establish our authority. It's something we learn and gain by ourselves. And the answer is as simple as changing our mindset. What? No way! Oh but it is. People tend to underestimate the power of the mind. Change your game by changing your mind.

Take time to look back and think about people in your life who are an authority or a leader at work, who has more credibility(可信度) than you or who you look up to and inspires you. They are up there not for the reasons

you think. If you really think about it, they aren't the smartest of the bunch, not the most educated, and neither are they the best. And in no way do they even call themselves an expert. Instead, they are up there because they are great teachers and advocates(支持者) for the success of their customers or employees.

Let's take Richard Simmons for example. This famous fitness personality has been a household name ever since he started gaining popularity during the first few years of his career. Stop and think, though, do you really think he is the best person to really get people into shape? Is he the Einstein of fitness and nutrition? Or does he even call himself a master of his craft? Of course not. People look up to him and give him authority because he is a great educator. Instead of sharing information that's far too complicated to understand, he figures out what your problems are and finds out a way to fix them. He even has social media that he updates on a regular basis with topics that are helpful and easy to understand for his fans and followers.

Depending on the field you're in, you can share with people things you know and that you think they will want to know as well. If you're a nurse, for example, you can make a blog post for common health problems and quick remedies(治疗方法) people can do at home. Remember, the simpler you can make it, the better. People will trust you completely if you give them easy solutions. Like Richard, you'll soon be the expert you'll want to listen to. You can be an advocate also by showing people that you have their best interests at heart. You can also start up conferences to take up people's concerns and try to deal with them the best way that you can.

So, how will you be viewed as an authority? Make that mind shift. Find out what concerns and troubles your target. Give solutions. Show that you care. And help them climb up that ladder of success. Ladies and gentlemen, that's how it's done.

（1）What can we know about Richard Simmons?

A. He is as intelligent as Einstein.

B. He believed himself to be a master of fitness.

C. He became popular in the first few years of his career.

D. He shares complex information with his fans and followers.

（2）The example of a nurse in Paragraph 4 is used to tell us ________.

A. the importance of trust

B. the pleasure of being a nurse

C. the ways of becoming an authority

D. the benefits of learning first aid

（3）Which of the following would the author most probably agree with?

A. People always think highly of the power of the mind.

B. You can gain the knowledge of becoming an authority at school.

C. People considered as authorities are those with higher education.

D. Providing easy solutions for people can help increase your credibility.

（4）Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?(P=paragraph)

A. B. C. D.

4.阅读理解

Most of us have quite good memories, butour memories are limited. For example, we cannot remember everyone we have evermet or what we did on every single day of our lives. However, there are some people who do have prodigious memories. These people have a rare condition known as savant syndrome (学者症候群). Savants suffer from a developmental disorder, but they also exhibit great talents that contrast(显出差异) sharply with their physical and mental disabilities.

Kim Peek (1951-2009) was a savant wholived in Salt Lake City, Utah, in the United States. He was born with damage to parts of his brain, but it seemed that other parts of his brain, particularly those relating to memory, became over-developed.

Peek's unique abilities appeared at avery early age. When he was just 20 months old, he could already remember every book that was read to him. Peek could read two pages of a book at the same time---one page with the right eye and one with the left---in less than 10 seconds and remember everything he read. By the time he died, Peek had memorized more than 9, 000 books. He could remember all the names and numbers ina variety of telephone books. He could remember thousands of facts about history, literature, geography and sports.

Dr. David Treffert, an expert on savantsyndrome, once described Peek as “a living Google” because of his astonishing ability to memorize and connect facts. However, at the same time, Peek was unable to carry out simple tasks, such as brushing his hair or getting dressed, and he needed others to help him. In 1989, the movie Rain Man won the Oscar forbest Picture. The main character in the movie, played by Dustin Hoffman, wasbased on Kim Peek's life. He started to appear on television, where he would amaze audiences by correctly answering difficult questions on different topics. Peek became world famous, and he and his father began touring widely to talk about overcoming disabilities. He inspired a great many people with his words.“Recognizing and respecting differences in others, and treating everyone in the way you want them to treat you, will make our world a better place f oreveryone. Everyone is different.”

（1）The underlined word “prodigious” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.

A. happy

B. vivid

C. amazing

D. short

（2）According to the text, Peek ________.

A. could take care of himself

B. was born with a good memory

C. was the student of Dr. David Treffert

D. became brain-damaged at 20 months old

（3）How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?

A. By proving facts.

B. By following time order.

C. By analyzing causes.

D. By making comparisons.

（4）Peek's words suggest that we should ________.

A. respect different cultures

B. listen to different opinions

C. treat different people differently

D. be respectful of others' differences

5.阅读理解

As I enter my 40s, I've noticed many of my parents' generation think social networking is something they are simply unable to understand. They fear that, should they try, they will somehow get it wrong; they will say the wrong thing, do the wrong thing or behave in a way that causes embarrassment. But there are some secrets of social media for them to consider.

Here's the first secret: everyone feels this way. I recently met a young actor who was complaining that her work demands that she join Microblog, but she always feels like she doesn't have anything smart to say. It's the same resistance (抵制). I hear from the older generation, who, however, have somehow believed that age is the barrier (障碍), rather than the differences of personal taste.

Here's the second secret: everybody uses it for more or less the same reasons. Older generations often sign up to stay in touch with children and relatives. We talk about this kind of communication like it's some

old-fashioned activity, but it is exactly why younger people use social media. The truth is that most people use social media to gently keep an eye on one another, to see how those they care about are doing without needing to ring them up on the phone every night.

And this is the last secret: everyone gets to use them in their own way. Newcomers—younger and older—who wo rry about “getting it right” are thinking that there's a right way to get them. But actually there isn't. Personally, I talk a lot on Microblog. And some people post nothing and they use social media every day as readers. Social media companies would rather see people decorating their networks with pictures and posts, but there's no rule against being a fly on the wall. It's also a fine way to get involved.

Were quick to forget that the web wasn't invented by 13-year-olds; it was created by today's seniors. I'd never try forcing those with no interest in social networks to use Microblog. But don't let the talk of age divides put you off. There's nothing to stop the older generation from joining in the network their own generation created.

（1）What's the author's purpose of writing this passage?

A. To share with us his personal experience using social media.

B. To explain why the old generation don't use social media.

C. To free the old generation from fearing using social media.

D. To tell us a few secrets of social media that he discovered.

（2）The expression “a fly on the wall” in the 4th paragraph refers to.

A. people who prefer reading online books

B. people who cause trouble to others

C. people who post many fancy pictures

D. people who simply observe others' posts

（3）According to the author, which is a reason for old people's fear using social media?

A. They believe they may be trapped in embarrassing situations.

B. They have no particular interest in social networking.

C. They prefer staying in touch with relatives in real life.

D. They have no idea which contents to post online.

（4）Which of the following may best describe the structure of this passage?

A. B. C. D.

6.阅读理解

Last week, my granddaughter started kindergarten, and I wished her every success. But part of me didn't. I actually wanted her to fail in some ways because I believe that failure can be good for our learning process. Success is proving that you can do something that you already know you can do, or doing something correctly the first time, which can often be a problematic victory. First-time success is usually a luck. First-time failure, however, is supposed to be the natural order of things. Failure is how we learn.

In Africa they describe a good cook as “she who has broken many pots”. If you've spent enough time in the kitchen to have broken a lot of pots, probably you know a fair amount about cooking. I once had dinner with a group of cooks, and they spent time comparing knife wounds and bum scars. They knew how much their failures gave them.

I earn my living by writing a daily newspaper column. Each week I know that one column I write is going to be the worst column. I try my best every day. I have learned to love that column. A successful column usually means that I am discussing my familiar topic, writing in a style I am used to or saying the same things as anyone else but in a better way.

My younger daughter is a trapeze artist（荡秋千演员）. She spent three years practicing a show, and she did it successfully for years. There was no reason for her to change it but she did anyway. She said she was no longer learning anything new and she was bored. She risked failure and great public embarrassment in order to feed her soul.

My granddaughter is a perfectionist. She will feel her failures, and I will want to comfort her. But I will also, I hope, remind her of what she learned, and how she can do better next time.

（1）Why did the author want his granddaughter to fail?

A. She would learn more from failure.

B. He wanted her to be strong enough to face hardships.

C. It's impossible to do everything successfully.

D. Success is boring though good.

（2）The writer talked about his own experience to show that .

A. we should try every possible way to avoid failure

B. the thought of failure will make him work even harder

C. past failures made him dare not take risks in writing

D. we cannot depend on luck to live a good life （3）What's the author's attitude toward his daughter changing her show?

A. Negative.

B. Worried.

C. Anxious.

D. Positive.

（4）The author develops the article mainly by .

A. giving examples

B. following the time order

C. comparing different opinions

D. giving a cause and analyzing its effects

7.阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

“Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity and nutrient availability seem to trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers from the National University of Singapore.

45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.

“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected，” the researchers said. “Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify.”

The change was big in cold-blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles smaller. An increase of 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism (新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. There is a recent report on warmer temperatures' negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.

Warm-blooded animals weren't immune from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Mammals have been miniaturized too. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaker. And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.

This is not the first time this has happened in Earth's history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a long time than the current climate change.

The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.

（1）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Why do some species become smaller?

B. How does temperature change in Earth's history?

C. Climate change has many negative effects

D. Species become smaller as climate warms

（2）The underlined word “trumped” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ________.

A. been neglected by

B. had strong influences than

C. been weakened by

D. been less than

（3）Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that ________.

A. how climate change effects animals' size has not been found clearly

B. all the animals on the earth have become smaller

C. too many studies on animals' size have been done

D. people can avoid the negative effects of climate change

（4）What can we learn from the passage?

A. Climate change has even affected plankton negatively.

B. Birds have suffered more from climate change than fish.

C. Ants, bees and spiders have been shrinking by 50% to 70% in the past decade.

D. A warming event causing species to become smaller has never happened before.

（5）What's the author's attitude toward climate change in the passage?

A. Concerned.

B. Optimistic.

C. Indifferent.

D. Confident.

8.阅读理解

“Image is everything.” An entire industry has been built upon the c oncept that image is everything, but an appealing image isn't enough when there's no substance behind it.

First of all, one should consider how important image is in selling products and services. Advertising agencies have raised the art of creating an image to a state of near perfection. But if the product or service doesn't live up to it, customers will be very dissatisfied. The recent scandal (丑闻) about the Arthur Andersen accounting firm showed that behind that image, it had unfair business practices under the table. Despite the previous positive image, the firm is being accused of criminal actions. Although the image had been nearly perfect, the reality behind the image has led to its downfall.

Similarly, personal consultants(顾问) can build up a very positive public image for politicians and movie stars in the view of the general commons. But once again, history is filled with examples of both that fell from grace (体面) like the story of the Hollywood actor giving in to the pressures of fame and fortune. With people, just as with products and services, image is certainly important, but without positive substance behind it, failure is close.

To conclude, it's clear that an appealing image is extremely important to success, whether that image is

r elated to selling a product or service or to the “selling” of a person. But image is only half of the equation(等式). What lies behind that image is every bit as important as the image itself — the person or product must live up to that image or there's little chance for long-term success.

（1）The downfall of the Arthur Andersen accounting firm is due to ______.

A. its dishonesty in business

B. its bad management

C. its previous images

D. its poor service

（2）Some famous people fall from grace because _____.

A. their images were not well built up

B. they failed to live up to their images

C. they felt much pressure from the public

D. they paid little attention to fame and fortune

（3）The structure of the passage is probably .

(A: Argument P: Point C: Conclusion)

A. B. C. D.

（4）The author might support that______.

A. image is the basis of everything

B. truth and image are equally important

C. truth goes hand in hand with image

D. image holds the key to success

9.阅读理解

IPhone owners are vainer（虚荣）and spend more on clothes and grooming（仪容）than those who have BlackBerrys and Android phones, new research claims.BlackBerry owners earn the most and are more likely to have long-term relationships, while people with Android handsets are most creative and the best cooks.

The study, carried out by TalkTalk Mobile, surveyed 2,000 owners of the three major smartphone brands to determine whether the choice of handset was an extension(延伸) of their personality. The study rated users in

various walks of life using a point scoring system including personalities, daily habits and the type of industries they work in.

Other results from the study found that people with an iPhone are more image conscious and generally consider themselves more attractive than those with other handsets. They are most likely to describe themselves as adventurous, bright and are most likely to work in media, publishing and education. They also believe their boss rates them highly. Apple owners also tend to have done more travelling and are the most active on social media sites.

BlackBerry owners were found to be the least punctual(准时的), but despite putting in the least hours at work they are the most active phone user—sending more texts and making more calls in the average day than any other phone user. They are more social and have more friends overall. They also earn nearly two and a half thousand pounds a year more than other smartphone owners, with an average salary of $27,406. BlackBerry users classed themselves so loud and mainly work in the health, finance or property sectors. They were also found to drink more tea and coffee each day than any other phone user.

Android owners were found to watch more TV than others and drink the most alcohol—consuming more in an average week than iPhone and BlackBerry drinkers. They have the most jobs in engineering, the government and public services and environmental services. They have the best manners and are more shy and relaxed than their counterparts.

Dan Meader, Director of Mobile at TalkTalk, said,“Many of us have our mobile phones o n us almost constantly so they do become an extension of us in many ways. It's interesting to see then how the choice in handset may reflect different aspects of personality and the results do show some unusual difference

（1）The underlined words “image conscious” (Paragraph4) mean caring about _______.

A. income

B. appearance

C. social media

D. interpersonal relationships

（2）What were Android users found to be like?

A. Loud.

B. Brave.

C. Polite.

D. Confident.

（3）Dan Meader may agree that the kind of mobile phone we use ________..

A. will decide the way we live our life

B. can be a window into the lives we lead

C. can change our personalities gradually

D. has become the most important part of our life

（4）How is the text organized?

A. By drawing comparisons.

B. By giving reasons only.

C. By providing examples.

D. By giving solutions.

10.阅读理解

See a cellphone cover that you like on Taobao? Forget about placing an order, paying the bill online and waiting for days for it to be delivered to you. In the near future, you'll be able to get it in minutes just by hitting “print” on your computer.

You might find it hard to believe that you could actually “print” an object like you would a picture. But it is not that hard to understand how it would work. Just as a traditional printer sprays ink onto paper line by line, modern 3D printers spread material onto a surface layer by layer, from the bottom to the top, gradually building up a shape.

Instead of ink, the materials the 3D printer uses are mainly plastic, resin(树脂) and certain metals. The thinner each layer is—from a millimetre to less than the width of a hair—the smoother and finer the object will be.

This may sound like a completely new technology, but the truth is that 3D printing has been around since the late 1980s. Back then, it was barely affordable for most people, so few knew about it.

Last year, though, saw a big change in the 3D printing industry—printers became much cheaper. For example, 10 years ago a desktop 3D printer might have cost ￡20，000, while now they cost only about ￡1，000, according to the BBC.

Taken out of the factory and introduced to more diverse and common uses, 3D printing can create just about anything you can think of—flutes , bikinis, jewelry, aircraft parts and even human organs. In fact, scientists from Cornell University in New York have just made an artificial ear using a 3D printer, according to Science Daily. The fake ear looks and acts exactly like a natural one.

However, as 3D printing becomes more common, it may bring about certain problems—such as piracy. “Once you can download a coffee maker, or print out a new set of kitchen utensils (餐具) on your personal 3D printer, who will visit a retail store again？” an expert in 3D printing told Forbes News. Even more frightening, what if anyone in the world could use a 3D printer to print out a fully functioning gun?

（1）According to the article, in the future, the 3D printing technology will _______.

A. enable people to make better purchases online

B. change the way we make many products

C. be applied as widely in our daily life as computers

D. shorten the time it takes for people to get what they buy online

（2）What happened in the 3D printing industry last year?

A. The 3D printing technology was taken out of the factory.

B. The 3D printing technology began to be used in various fields.

C. The 3D printer was used for medical treatment for the first time.

D. The 3D printer became more affordable for consumers.

（3）What is the best title of the passage?

A. Great Demand for 3D Printers

B. Technology in the Future

C. Online Shopping Disappearing

D. Printing out Everything

（4）How is the last paragraph developed?

A. By giving examples.

B. By making comparisons.

C. By analyzing the cause and effect.

D. By presenting research findings.

答案

1. （1）A（2）A（3）D（4）C

2. （1）A（2）B（3）A（4）D

3. （1）C（2）C（3）D（4）C

4. （1）C（2）B（3）A（4）D

5. （1）C（2）D（3）A（4）A

6. （1）A（2）B（3）D（4）A

7. （1）D（2）B（3）A（4）A（5）A 8. （1）A（2）B（3）A（4）B

9. （1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A 10. （1）B（2）D（3）D（4）A