语法填空解题方法与技巧

语法填空解题方法与技巧
语法填空解题方法与技巧

语法填空解题方法与技巧-英语论文

语法填空解题方法与技巧

张鹏飞

(郸城县第二高级中学河南郸城477150)

高考英语中的语法填空题主要考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语用知识的掌握情况,该题型的设计旨在考查考生的综合语言应用能力,笔者根据平时的教学情况总结几点建议供大家参考。

一通读全文把握语篇

通读全文的目的是把握文章的大意,为下一步填空做好语义上的准备,因为语义决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中,为较好地把握其大意,很有必要弄清该文的体裁,题材,中心思想,写作主线,段落大意,段落层次等。这些有利于考试真正读,掌握全文大意,也有利于在填空时进行必要的逻辑推理。

以下题为例,谈谈语法填空题的解题思路。

阅读下面短文,根据上下文填入适当的词语,或用括号中的词语的适当形式填空:

A proverb says,“Time is money”. But in my opinion,time is even

1 precious than money. Why?__2__when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is__3__,it will never return.

__4__ is known to all that the time we can use is limited.Therefore we should make__5__use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in__6__future.

But it is a pity that there are a lot of people__7__do not re-alize the value of time. They __8_their precious time smoking,drinking and playing.

In a word, we should form the good habit of _9__ (save)time. Do not put off what can be done today _10_ tomorrow.

1.根据语法知识进行填充

第1题,由than可知,precious要用比较级,多音节形容词的比较级在前面加more,故此题答案为more。

第7题,因there are”.是个句子,do not…应是一个定语从句,缺主语,先行词是人,应填who.

2.根据逻辑关系进行填充

就是根据上下文的逻辑关系来解题。

第2题,因前句用Why提问,应当用Because来回答,故此题答案是Because。

3.根据语篇标志进行填充

语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位(句群、段落、篇章等)。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词,我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有first,second,third,finally等;表示逻辑关系的有thus,therefore,so等;表示转折关系或变换话题的有however,but,by the way等。“语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络,弄清上下文关系很有帮助。

第3题,由表示转折的However可知,是指当时间失去的时候,表示“失去”是gone。

第5题,由表示结果的Therefore可知,应充分利用时间,故用形容词full 或good来修饰名词use。

4.根据固定词组进行填充

熟练掌握一些常见的词组,如as a matter of,be proud of,by the way,come from,congratulate.…on.…,devote…to…,earn oneacute;s living,keep oneacute;s word,make up oneacute;s mind等,对解题很有帮助。

第6题,表示“在将来”是固定词组in the future。

5.根据句型搭配进行填充

就是根据一些常用的句型搭配,如so/such.that.…,itis…(for sb.)to do sth., there is no doubt that.…,there is no sense in doing sth等来解题。

第4题,做形式主语,用It,真正的主语是后面的that从句。

6.根据词汇知识进行填充

指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。如下列各类动词必须牢记:只能接动词的- ing形式做宾语的动词,只能接to do做宾语的动词,接to do做补语的动词,接do做补语的动词,接doing或done做补语的动词,对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语,等等。

第8题,由time smoking可想到是spend/waste time (in)doing句型,这是由spend/waste的用法所决定的;这里是一般现在时,主语是复数,填spend或waste。

第9题,因of是介词,介词后的动词通常要用- ing形式,故填savmg。

7.根据生活常识进行填充

第10题,结合生活常识,不难理解句意为“不要把今天能做的事推迟到明

天去做”,答案自然是表示“直到”的until/till。

8.根据文化背景进行填充

如After the flood Mr. Deng was as poor as a church____

这句话的意思是“水灾后邓先生一贫如洗了”。as pooras a church mouse(一贫如洗),所以此处填mouse。

二根据句子结构,确定词性

在了解全文大意之后,就应该着眼于题目了。前文已经讲过,语法填空所填答案都是单词,而且考查对象分为实词和虚词,因此我们可以抓住这个特点,先从单词的词性人手。考察这两类词的方式是不同的,考察实词时文中都有一个动词原形或同根词作为提示词,而考察虚词时是没有的,这也就可以被我们当作判断空格中考察词类的依据。然后,我们都知道英语句子的结构相对比较稳定,不同词性的词在句子中充当的成分也不尽相同,所以我们在具体的句子中能够通过句子成分相对容易地判断出所需词的词性。

要掌握句子的基本结构,首先,我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构:(1)主语+谓语(+宾语+宾补)(2)主语+系动词+表语

其次,我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类:(1)充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外,还有动名词、不定式短语等。(2)充当谓语的一定是动词。

(3)充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。(4)在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。(5)作状语的典型词类是副词。

再次,我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构:两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号,就必须要用连词,否则,句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类:(1)

用and,but,or,while(而,却),when(就在这个时候)等构成并列句。(2)if,un-less,before,after, until,although,though,as, since, because,so,sothat等构成含状语从句的复合句(这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句,复合句是包含在复杂句这个概念里面的,在下文的基础写作部分有提到)。(3)用who,which,that,when,where,why等构成含定语从句的复合句。(这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的,但也须结合句子结构来分析。)(4)用that,iUwhether(是否),wh -等构成含名词性从句的复合句。

三根据语法知识,确定词性和词形

确定词性之后,我们要了解各种词性的词的语法特点,从而能够判断出应该填入哪一个词或词的哪一种形式。名词可作主语、宾语,有时也可作定2.动词,可用作谓语.3.形容词可作定语修饰名词,也可单独使用,作表语。4副词可单独使用,也可以修饰动词和形容词。5.代词可作主语,也可作宾语或者表语。6介词可与动词构成词组,也可以与名词构成介词短语,作表语、状语等。7.数词作定语与名词共用,或者构成时间。8.连词,顾名思义,连接两个句子,并能表示两个句子之间的关系9.冠词,加在名词前面,表示限定(the)和数量(a/an)。10.感叹词用于表达一种惊奇,生气,喜悦等感情。一旦确定了所需单词的词性,我们就可以把答案的形式锁定在较小的范围以内,对各种词性语法考察重点的掌握,将能大大提高我们做题的准确性。

语法填空题的解题技巧20

语法填空题的解题技巧 纯空格的解题技巧:介词,代词,冠词,助动词/情态动词,疑问副词 并列句,复合句 规律1 空格+谓语动词(代词或名词(多考代词) 1. I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ________ gets there almost in a second. 2. Some of my friends who had been there before said _______ was a wonderful holiday destination. 3. Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes _______walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed 4. She remembered how difficult ________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her. 规律2 空格+名词(限定词) 5. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ______ rice crop grow up quickly. 6. In the beginning, there was only______very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always thinking that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.” 7. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had______amazing conversation. 8. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _____ top floor. 9. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in ______ last row. 10.…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ______ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 规律3 空格+名词/代词( 介词) 11 … who should have the honour of receiving me ______ a guest in their house. 12. When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ______ the window… 13. …my credit card had already be en charged ______ the reservation. 14. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect______ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.” 15. The new boy looked at the teacher ______ a few seconds and all the other students wondered… 规律4 词和词之间没连词,句和句之间没连词(注意标点)(连词/连接词)16. …two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ______ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.

中考语法填空解题技巧

根据设题类型,语法填空又可分为有提示词试题和纯空格试题两类。有提示词试题侧重考查动词、名词、形容词、副词以及词性转换。而纯空格试题侧重考查冠词、介词、连词和代词。 (一)提示性填空的解题技巧 技巧一:若提示词为动词,则先要进行两个步骤:首先将有横线的部分以句子为单位进行划分,其次标出句子中动词。 1.若句中无谓语动词,说明所给提示词则为句子谓语动词。则需考虑谓语动词的时态、语态以及主谓一致;1)若句中出现表示过去式的时间状语如last night, yesterday, 则就将提示词变成过去式;2)若是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,动词也应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下: 一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries;以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys;以o结尾加es。如:does, goes;特殊的有:are-is, have-has 如果空格前是助动词、情态动词或是动词加to的形式,则空格一定是动词原形。例如can,will等情态动词后加动词原形。 例1:He____ (come) to school early this morning. 解析:题目中的this morning过去式,所以把come-came 例2:She _____(like) playing sports every day.

英语语法填空解题技巧与方法

英语语法填空解题技巧与方法 语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力,我们在解题时可遵循“三步走”浏览全文,了解大意;边读边填,先易后难;验证核查,清楚难点。 语法填空的考察形式分为两大类:无提示词填空类;提示性词填空类 一.无提示词类。即纯空格题。(只限一个单词) 纯空格填空题主要是填冠词(a/ an /the)、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词.。 技巧1:在简单句和并列句中,若句子缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词。 技巧2:若两个句子(即两个主谓结构)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词(连接并列的句子)或从属连词(连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句(以句子为单位) 1.I have ___________ interesting book. _________ is called “Frozen” 2.___________ he worked very hard, he still failed the test. 3.He was very tired after working for a whole day, ____________ he felt very happy. 4.Whether we will go to the park depends _____________ the weather. 二.提示性填空类。即用所给词的适当形式填空,(此类题填空不超过三个单词)。此类型的题一般考察动词的时态、语态、单复数;动词非谓语(to do / done/ doing); 词性的转换(形名副动);adj/ adv 的比较级和最高级。 注意:(一)、.判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。要从以下两点进行思考:(1). 若句子没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关 系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态和单复数 1 . Friends can always _____________(trust),loved and respected. 2.People in the future _______________(know) and benefit from the technology. (2.)若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓 语动词就要确定是v-ing形式,-ed形式,还是不定式,确定的方法主要有: (1) 作主语,通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况,(用不定式表示具体情况) (2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式 (3) 作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v-ing);若是被动关系,用过去分词(-ed) 1.We are supposed to work very hard _____________(go) to a good university.

高三英语语法填空解题技巧

高三英语语法填空解题技巧 纯空格:介词,连词,代词,冠词,从句引导词,情态动词,强调助动词等 有提示词:○1给出了动词的试题——谓语动词,非谓语动词,词类转换 ○2词类词义转换提——名词,形容词,副词,形容词和副词的比较级或最高级一、纯空格试题的解题技巧 例1. I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ______ gets there almost in a second. 技巧1①:主句缺主语或宾语,一定是填 例2. Whenever he was discouraged or faced with difficult problems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful child _________ had put it there. 技巧1②:定语从句缺主语或宾语,一定是填适当的关系词,如: 例3. I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car broke (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to should have the honor of receiving me…… 技巧1③:名词性从句缺主语或宾语,根据句子意思填适当的词,如:who/ whom谁,which 哪一个/些, what东西/话/地方, whoever, whichever, whatever, whomever 例4. While she was getting me settled (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away _________there was a garage. 技巧2①:定语从句缺地点状语用________________, 缺时间状语用_________________,缺原因状语用____________。 例5. …It is said that the father kept that little gold box by his bed for all the years of his life. __________________ he was discouraged or faced with difficult problems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful girl……. 例6. ….____________ old you are, it’s not too late to make your life more interesting. 技巧2②:状语从句 缺地点状语用________________, 缺时间状语用_________________, 缺原因状语用____________, 缺方式状语用___________________。 例7. It is said that ______ short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(920-1279)was very anxious to help _____ rice crop grow up quickly. 技巧3:名词前面若没有限定词(冠词,形容词性物主代词,不定代词),很可能是填限定词。 例8. …The little girl looked ______ at him with tears rolling from her eyes and said: “Daddy, it’s not empty. I blew kisses into it ____ it was all full.”The father was crushed. He fell ___ his knees and put his arms around his precious little girl. He begged her to forgive him for his unnecessary anger. 技巧4 :介词的使用要注意搭配和上下文语境提示。 例9. …Two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso______ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.

短文语法填空解题技巧

二轮复习短文语法填空解题技巧 一、已给单词提示题型的技巧 此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种,一是词的形、数、式的变化,一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题,看是否需要使用复合的变化形式,这一点是很重要的。 技巧一:名词形式变化。 名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例:There are many students living at school,the(child) houses are all far from schoo1. 由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child 的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。 技巧二:动词形式变化。 动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。 例:A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.

句中的is written是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。 技巧三:代词形式变化。 代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化,如no one/none、other/another等。 例:The king decided to see th e painter by(he). 由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。 技巧四:形容词、副词比较级变化。 英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式,或通过加后缀一er和.est,或在词前Imore/less和most /least,且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。 例:I am——(tall)than Liu Wen.He is the tallest students in my class. 此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生,那“我”肯定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。

语法填空题的解题技巧

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语法填空解题技巧

语法填空解题技巧-标准化文件发布号:(9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

语法填空解题归纳 掌握句子的基本结构 首先,我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构: (1)主语+谓语(+宾语+宾补) (2)主语+系动词+表语 其次,我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类: (1)充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外,还有动名词、不定式短语 等。 (2)充当谓语的一定是动词。 (3)充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。 (4)在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。 (5)作状语的典型词类是副词。 没有提示词:通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。一个空格只能填一个单词。 有提示词:通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的 比较级、最高级、词类转换等。一个空格可以填多个单词没有提示词 一、填冠词 (a/ an / the) 名词/名词短语前没有限定词 1. There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed [40]_ ___ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was [35]_ __ shy , nervous perfectionist. A young man,while traveling through a desert,came across a spring of clear water. _____ water was sweet. 二、填代词 ( it,one,that, another, other, none,I, we, his等人 称) 作主语用主格,作宾语用宾格,注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。 指示代词(it和this),不定代词,反身代词等 asked his teacher,“Sir,the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ____” is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ______rice crop grow up quickly. your leg and let ____ stay in the air for seconds. 三、填介词in, on, at, with, as(作为), before, after, by, from, through, to, for等 ?注意搭配问题 ?与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等 ?与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语

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