高考英语压轴题专题复习—阅读理解的综合及答案(1)

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

I visited Elba last June, joining Mary and John on a bicycling vacation. They made the arrangements for the car, hotel and bicycles. I studied the history of the island, which of course particularly features Napoleon.

Napoleon (now I know) picked Elba as a place for peace when he was forced to give up the throne (王权) as Emperor of France in 1814. Far from being a prison island, Elba is beautiful with towering mountains, thick forests and sweeping bays and beaches.

It is also an island filled with treasure. Very early on this island, locals discovered rich deposits of iron. Soon outsiders, too, discovered the iron and 150 other valuable minerals on this little piece of land. Long before Etruscans and other Greeks set foot on it, Dorians had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island. The Romans ruled next, obtaining the minerals and building grand houses overlooking the sea. From the twelfth century until the nineteenth, the island was traded back and forth and was passed to France in 1802. Then came Napoleon, the new ruler of Elba.

I was eager to visit his house in Portoferraio. The Emperor lived with his court and his mother, but his wife, Marie Louise had ensconced herself in the splendid Viennese palace of her father, Emperor of Austria. She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting her husband in his mini-kingdom. Apparently, Napoleon wasn't troubled much by this. He was too busy riding everywhere on horseback, building roads, modernizing agriculture and, above all, sharpening his tiny army and navy into readiness for his escape.

In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed to me that I could imagine the exiled (流放的) conqueror's anxious thoughts. He might gaze over where I stood now, toward the lighthouse of the Stella fort, the sandy bay, and across it, the green mountains of the Tuscan coast. Napoleon spent only ten months here before making his victorious return to France and the throne.

（1）What did the author do for the visit to Elba?

A. He did research on its past.

B. He arranged transportation.

C. He planned bicycling routes.

D. He booked accommodation.

（2）Who might be the earliest outsiders to Elba according to the text?

A. Napoleon and his army.

B. Etruscans and other Greeks.

C. Dorians.

D. Romans.（3）What does the underlined word "ensconced" probably mean?

A.Settled.

B.Locked.

C.Cured.

D.Controlled.

（4）What came to the author's mind during his visit to Napoleon's gardens?

A.Beautiful views on Elba.

B.Terrible living conditions on Elba.

C.Napoleon's ambition to regain power.

D.Hardship of Napoleon's return to France.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了对拿破仑曾经流放地Elba岛的参观之旅，作者介绍了Elba岛的历史背景与拿破仑在岛上的生活事迹。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I studied the history of the island, which of course particularly features Napoleon.”可知作者为了Elba的此次拜访对它过去的历史做了一些学习和研究，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Long before Etruscans and oth er Greeks set foot on it, Dorians had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island.”可知早在伊特鲁里亚人和其他希腊人踏足该岛之前，多里安人在公元前10世纪就已迁入该岛，并在岛上采矿。故Dorians可能是最早到Elba的外来者，故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting her husband in his mini-kingdom.”可知Marie Louise住在Viennese很安全，对去她丈夫的小王国探视毫无兴趣。live对应上文的ensconce，意思为“定居；安置”，故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed to me that I could imagine the exiled (流放的) conqueror's anxious thoughts.”可知在房子后面的花园里，作者仿佛能想象出那个被流放的征服者的焦虑的思想。即作者在参观拿破仑的花园时想到了拿破仑对重新掌权的野心。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

The Largest World Fairs of All Time

New York World Fair — New York, 1939

The 1939 New York World Fair was the largest exposition (博览会) in US history with visitors over 14 million. The Fair was planned during the Great Depression and was aimed at relieving the city from economic depression by attracting foreign investment. Major inventions to emerge (出现) at the New York World Fair included nylon fabric, a streamlined pencil sharpener, and a futuristic car city imagined by General Moiors.

Exposition liniverselle — Paris, 1900

The Exposition Universelle was one of the earliest expositions to feature multiple countries with France inviting various countries to display their technological advancements and cultural heritage. Exposition Universelle was the birthplace of many inventions that we enjoy today including escalators (自动扶梯) and talking films.

Expo' 70 — Osaka, Japan

Expo' 70 was the biggest exposition of the 20th century and the second largest in history. Expo

70 had a record attendance of over 64 million visitors, a 40-year record that would not be broken until Expo 2010 in Shanghai. Notable exhibitions included a large piece of moon rock that was brought back from the Apollo 12 mission.

Expo 2010 — Shanghai. China

Expo 2010 goes down as the largest fair in history, having attracted 73 million people. It also had the highest international participation of any exposition in the world with 246 countries participating. The opening ceremony featured the biggest LED screen in the world as well as one of the biggest fireworks displays in history.

（1）Which Expo is the biggest one in history?

A. Expo 70 — Osaka. Japan.

B. Exposition Universelle — Paris

C. Expo 2010 — Shanghai, China.

D. New York World Fair — New York

（2）What is the purpose of New York World Fair?

A. To attract more inventions.

B. To improve the nation's economy.

C. To display the technological development.

D. To share achievements with other countries.（3）What did Expo 70 in Japan feature?

A. A piece of rock from space.

B. A rocket in the Apollo 12 mission.

C. The cultural heritage from countries.

D. The biggest LED screen in the world.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个有史以来最大的世界博览会。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Expo 2010 — Shanghai. China部分中的“Expo 2010 goes down as the largest fair in history”可知，2010年上海世博会是历史上规模最大的一届世博会，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据New York World Fair —New York, 1939部分中的“aimed at relieving the city from economic depression by attracting fore ign investment.”可知，纽约世博会的目的是通过吸引外资来缓解国内经济萧条，也就是改善国家经济，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Expo' 70 — Osaka, Japan部分中的“Notable exhibitions included a large piece of moon rock that was brought back from the Apollo 12 mission.”可知，第70届日本世博会的特色是展出了阿波罗12号带回来的一大块月球岩石，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

A video of a three-year-old girl being kicked by her own mother during a photo shot went viral (疯狂传播) on Thursday, indicating China's under per forma nee in regulating the emerging child modeling industry.

The girl, known as Niu Niu, was physically abused by her mother in several videos. The videos have annoyed Chinese media and Internet users alike. Many netizens and scholars call for local authorities to carry out further investigations into possible child abuse.

In response to the public outcry (强烈抗议), Niu Niu's mother issued an apology via Sina Wei bo on Thursday, condemning accusations of abuse. She noted that she was merely guiding her daughter for better shots and the girl is well looked after.

Despite her apology, many E-shops which used Niu Niu's images for brand promotion have canceled their cooperation with the mother, while over 110 well-known child garment shops on Taobao have signed up for a campaign to provide better protection for child models.

"It is necessary to adopt comprehensive laws and regulations to further protect the kids, preventing their parents and companies from exploiting (利用) them," Fang Zhiqing, a lawyer and child protection expert, said.

Niu Niu is not alone. In Zhili, a small town in Zhejiang province, thousands of children from across China are taken here by their parents to seize the chance of fame. With a population of 450,000. Zhili has over 13,000 manufacturers of child clothing. In 2017, the town earned over 7 billion yuan by selling do thing for children online, thus providing opportunities for child models. "China's current advertisement law isn't workable when it comes to the industry of child modeling, as it lacks clear supervision measures and clear legal punishment." Fang added. "It is important to issue new laws which regulate child modeling."

（1）What caused the public outcry?

A. Videos showing how child models work.

B. Problems in Chinese advertising industry.

C. Several cases of child abuse in recent China.

D. A girl being physically abused by her mother.

（2）What happened after the public outcry?

A. Taobao canceled the account of Niu Niu.

B. The local police charged Niu Niu's mother.

C. Niu Niu's mother admitted abusing her daughter.

D. Shops stopped their cooperation with the mother.

（3）What provided chances for Chinese child models?

A. The appearance of online shopping.

B. The huge online sales of child clothing.

C. The fast development of manufacturing.

D. The change of parents' ideas about success.（4）Which opinion may Fang Zhiqing agree with?

A. China should regulate child modeling.

B. There are too many child models in China.

C. New economic laws should be issued in Chinch.

D. China s current advertisement law isn't workable.

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了一个叫妞妞的儿童模特遭到了母亲的身体虐待引起了公众的强烈抗议以及人们对儿童模特行业的思考。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The girl, known as Niu Niu, was physically abused by

her mother in sev eral videos.The videos have annoyed Chinese media and Internet users alike.”可知，视频中，一个叫妞妞的女孩遭到了母亲的身体虐待引起了公众的强烈抗议，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Despite her apology, many E-shops which used Niu Niu's images for brand promotion have canceled their cooperation with t he mother,”可知，在公众的强烈抗议之后，很多网店停止了与妞妞母亲的合作，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“In 2017, the town earned over 7 billion yuan by selling do thing for children online, thus providing opportunities for child models.”可知，2017年，这个浙江的小镇通过在网上销售童装赚了70多亿元，这为儿童模特提供了机会，可知，童装在网上的巨大销量为中国的儿童模特提供了机会，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It is important to issue new laws which regulate child modeling.”可推断，方志清会同意中国应颁布新的法律来规范儿童模特行业，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

A science teacher from rural Kenya who gives away most of his salary to help poorer students has been awarded the world's best teacher and $ 1 million, beating 10,000 nominations from 179 countries. Peter Tabichi, 36, a maths and physics teacher at Keriko secondary school in Pwani Village, has won the Varkey Foundation Global Teacher Prize 2019.

Tabichi gives away 80% of his income to help the poorest students at the poorly-equipped and overcrowded school who could not otherwise afford uniforms and books. More than 90% of his students are from poor families and almost a third are orphans or have only one parent. Drug abuse, teenage pregnancies, leaving off their studies, young marriages and suicide are common. Students have to walk 7 km along roads that can become impassable in the rainy season to reach the school and the area can be affected by drought and starvation.

Despite only having one computer, a poor Internet connection and a student-teacher ratio of 58:1, Tabichi started a "talent nurturing club" and expanded the school's science club, helping students design research projects of such quality that many now qualify for national competitions. His students have taken part in international science competitions and won an award from the Royal Society of Chemistry after using local plant life to generate electricity. Tabichi and four colleagues also give struggling students one-to-one tuition in maths and science, visiting students' homes and meeting their families to identify the challenges they face.

Accepting the prize, Tabichi said Africa's young people would no longer be held back by low expectations." Africa will produce scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs whose names will be one day famous in every corner of the world." he said.

（1）What made Peter Tabichi win the prize in 2019?

A. Giving away $ 1 million to education.

B. Teaching in secondary schools for 36 years.

C. Fighting drought and starvation in Africa.

D. Helping the poorer students in rural Kenya.（2）Why did Tabichi start the "talent nurturing club"?

A. To contribute most of his income.

B. To expand national competitions.

C. To guide students to design research projects.

D. To encourage students to grasp opportunities.

（3）Which of the following best describes Peter Tabichi as a teacher?

A. Independent.

B. Caring.

C. Humorous.

D. Interesting.

（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. African education cost is expected to get lower.

B. Africa is in desperate need of young scientists.

C. Tabichi is not pleased until he is known worldwide.

D. Tabichi has high expectations for young Africans.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，肯尼亚农村教师彼得·塔比奇由于资助贫困学生获得了世界最佳教师奖。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A science teacher from rural Kenya who gives away most of his salary to help poorer students has been awarded the world's best teacher and $ 1 million, beating 10,000 nominations from 179 countries.”一名来自肯尼亚农村的科学教师获得了世界最佳教师奖，并获得了100万美元的奖金，他将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学生。可推知，助肯尼亚农村贫困学生让彼得·塔比奇赢得了2019年世界最佳教师奖。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Despite only having one computer, a poor Internet connection and a student-teacher ratio of 58:1, Tabichi started a ‘talent nurturing club’ and expanded the school's science club, helping students design research projects of such quality that many now qualify for national competitions.”尽管只有一台电脑，网络连接不畅，师生比例为58:1，但他还是创办了一个“人才培养俱乐部”，并扩大了学校的科学俱乐部，帮助学生设计出质量如此之高的研究项目，现在许多学生都有资格参加全国性的竞赛）可知，他创办“人才培养俱乐部”，是为了帮助学生设计一些研究项目。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A science teacher from rural Kenya who gives away most of his salary to help poorer students has been awarded the world's best teacher and $ 1 million, beating 10,000 nominations from 179 countries.”一名来自肯尼亚农村的科学教师获得了世界最佳教师奖，并获得了100万美元的奖金，他将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学生；及第二段中的“Tabichi gives away 80% of his income to help the poorest students at the poorly-equipped and overcrowded school who could not otherwise afford uniforms and books.”塔比奇把他80%的收入捐给了设备简陋、人满为患的学校，帮助那些买不起校服和书籍的最贫困学生。可知，塔比奇将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学校和学生。由此可知，塔比奇是一个非常有爱心的好老师。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Africa will produce scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs whose names will be one day famous in every corner of the world.” 他说“非洲将培养出科学家、工程师和企业家，他们的名字总有一天会在世界各地家喻户晓。可推知，

塔比奇对非洲年轻人充满了很高的期望。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

A recent study finds that the dirt on the ground is likely to worsen climate change. Researchers have shown that warmer temperatures are heating the soil, which is causing microbes (微生物) to become more active and release more of the soil's carbon into the atmosphere. These soil changes can potentially contribute to even higher temperatures.

Scientists studied device readings, soil measurements, plant growth details and satellite observations from around the world. Their work is the most complete study on the subject.

They found a sharp increase in carbon released into the atmosphere by bacteria and fungi (真菌) in soil from 1990 to 2014. Researchers explain that the carbon comes from the dead plants and leaves the microbes eat. As temperatures rise, the microbes eat more. And the more they eat, the more carbon can be made into carbon dioxide and released into the atmosphere.

This uncontrolled cycle speeds up and intensifies climate change. Overall, soil releases about nine times more carbon than human activities. But that is part of a natural cycle: the amount of carbon released into the air is about equal to the carbon oceans and plants take in.

However, carbon released from fossil fuel causes an imbalance. Burning coal, oil and natural gas puts more carbon into the atmosphere than nature can take in. The additional carbon heats the air and soil. And as the air and soil get hotter, the earth will release more carbon than it has been holding.

If something isn't done, we are really in trouble. Proper soil conservation can help keep more carbon in soil. Conservation methods include avoiding turning the soil, covering off-season crops and leaving crop deposits on the ground.

（1）Which word can best describe the scientists' research data?

A.Rich.

B.Rare.

C.Limited.

D.Difficult.

（2）What does the underlined word "intensifies" in Paragraph 4 mean?

A.Causes.

B.Demands.

C.Strengthens.

D.Shows.

（3）What mainly causes the soil's temperature to rise?

A.Active bacteria.

B.Human activities.

C.The overuses of soil.

D.The wastes of fossil fuels.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A.Warmer soil and more carbon.

B.The soil and the environment.

C.The microbes and the temperatures.

D.Hotter air and warmer environment.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类燃烧燃料造成的土壤变化可能导致地球更高的温度。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Scientists studied device readings, soil measurements, plant growth details and satellite observations from around the world. Their work is the most complete study on the subject.”科学家们研究了来自世界各地的设备读数、土壤测量、植物生长细节和卫星观测数据。他们的工作是对这一课题最全面的研究。故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“This uncontrolled cycle speeds up and intensifies climate change.”可知，and 为并列连词，即intensifies应与之前的speeds up 为同义词。speed up 意为“加速”，C项strengthen 意为“加强；增强”可为同义词。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“However, carbon released from fossil fuel causes an imbalance. Burning coal, oil and natural gas puts more carbon into the atmosphere than nature can take in. The additional carbon heats the air and soil. And as the air and soil get hotter, the earth will release more carbon than it has been holding”然而，化石燃料释放的碳造成了不平衡。燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气向大气中排放的碳超过了自然所能吸收的量。额外的碳使空气和土壤升温。随着空气和土壤变得越来越热，地球释放出的碳将超过它所承受的量。可知，人类的一系列燃烧燃料的行为是土壤温度上升的主要原因。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“soil changes can potentially contribute to even higher temperatures.”中间段落进行阐述分析原因和结果。末段提出了“Proper soil conservation can help keep more carbon in soil.”并提供了建议。因此标题关键词需有 soil, carbon等核心词。A 项Warmer soil and more carbon.符合分析。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Harvard Pre-College Program

to pave the way for a successful college experience.

HERE YOU CAN:

Learn without limits

Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics, law, writing, philosophy, and a dozen other subjects.

Live at Harvard

You will live in a historic undergraduate house near Harvard Square.

Your plan covers three meals a day, seven days a week.

Have fun outside the classroom

You might enjoy a Cirque du Sileil performance, a Red Sox game at Fenway Park, or a trip to the Museum of Science.

ELIGIBILITY (申请资格)

Students are academically motivated and will graduate in 2020 or 2021.

TO APPLY

Complete an online application and provide the following materials: the $50 nonrefundable application fee; transcripts (成绩单) with fall 2018 grades; signed rules and regulations.

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

Participants should apply for the B-2 tourist visa. If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFLor IELTS language proficiency exam.

APPLICATION TIPS

No fee is required to start your application. You will be asked to pay the application fee only upon submitting the application.

The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.

Use a desktop or laptop. You will be asked to write short essays as part of your application. This may be challenging to do on a mobile phone.

You will receive an email informing you of the application status approximately three weeks after you have completed your application.

（1）Harvard organizes such a program to ______.

A. reduce students' academic pressure

B. select good students to join in Harvard

C. make students obtain high grades in their study

D. help students prepare for their future college life

（2）What can we learn about the program?

A. Students are offered three meals except weekends.

B. It merely has two sessions during one summer.

C. It provides courses on various subjects for students.

D. Students can live in a hotel near Harvard.

（3）If you are a native student who wants to apply for the program, you need to provide ______.

A. a B-2 tourist visa

B. transcripts with your fall 2018 grades

C. scores from the TOEFL exam

D. a recommendation letter from your high school teacher （4）The applicants can learn from the application tips that ______.

A. their TOEFL or IELTS scores should meet the requirements

B. the application fee should be paid before they start applying

C. it is convenient to use any electronic products to apply

D. they can check the application status in a week

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了哈佛大学帮助学生为大学生活做准备而开设的一个暑期项目的情况。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段”Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful college experience.“我们的高中生暑期项目是为成功的大学生活铺平道路的。）可知哈佛大学组织了这样一个项目来帮助学生为他们未来的大学生活做准备。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Learn without limits部分中的”Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics, law, writing, philosophy, and a dozen other subjects.“在物理、法律、写作、哲学和其他十几个学科上追求你的兴趣。可知项目为学生提供不同学科的课程。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据TO APPLY部分中的”Complete an online application and provide the following materials: the $50 nonrefundable application fee; transcripts (成绩单) with fall 2018 grades; signed rules and regulations.“完成网上申请，并提供以下材料:50美元的不可退还的申请费;2018年秋季成绩单;签署规章制度。可知如果你是本地学生，想要申请这个项目，你需要提供2018年秋季的成绩单。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据APPLICATION TIPS部分中”* The scores of successful applican ts are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.“成功申请者的托福成绩一般在103分以上，写作部分25分，雅思至少7.5分，写作部分7分。可知申请者可以从APPLICATION TIPS中了解到他们的托福或雅思成绩应该达到的分数要求。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

When I was small, my mother and I would walk to our local library in Franklin Square. As we didn't always have access to a reliable car, walking hand in hand was the most convenient way to get anywhere. It was at story time for children that both my mother and I made lasting friendships.

Today, I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Cold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children's Library. My 18-imonth-old son, Colin, and I find ourselves in Sea Cliff several times a week, meeting and making friends. Well, that is what many people don't understand-a library is more than books; it's a community.

Sure, the library in Franklin Square was the place where I was introduced to Judy Blume novels. But it was also the place where I got my first email address in 1997. At the library, friends and I learned how to research colleges and search for scholarships on the Internet. The library was the place where we sometimes giggled(咯咯笑)too loudly, and where the librarians knew us by name. Their knowing our names wasn't a bad thing. When I came home from my first term at Binghamton University, Mary LaRosa, the librarian at the Franklin Square library, offered me my first teaching job.

I now teach reading at Nassau Community College. My students are often amazed that they can check out books via their smartphones and virtually(虚拟地)visit a variety of Long Island libraries. The app used by Nassau and Suffolk county public libraries, as well as the college library, makes their homework easier by helping them find resources. Even though they can't always easily visit their local libraries, the library is always with them.

（1）Why does the author consider herself lucky today?

A. She has become her mother's best friend.

B. She has access to a reliable car now.

C. She can meet friends at the library.

D. She lives close to libraries.

（2）What does the underlined word "that" in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Socializing in a library.

B. Reading books in a library.

C. Visiting a library with a family member.

D. Building parent-child friendship in a library.（3）What is the author's attitude to her students' way of visiting libraries?

A. Cautious.

B. Favorable.

C. Doubtful.

D. Disapproving.

（4）Why does the author write the text?

A. To discuss why libraries are important.

B. To express her deep love for libraries.

C. To explain how libraries change.

D. To introduce her favorite libraries.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了从自己小时候到成家生子再到工作教书这一路上图书馆的变化。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Today，I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Cold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children's Library.”可知，现在，我很幸运地住在格伦黑德的冷海岸公共图书馆附近，走一小段路就可以到海崖儿童图书馆，由此可知，作者认为自己很幸运是因为她住得离图书馆很近，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“My 18-imonth-old son，Colin，and I find ourselves in Sea Cliff several times a week，meeting and making friends.”可知，我和18个月大的儿子科林每周都要去几次海崖图书馆，在那里见面、交朋友，这是一种社交活动，画线词指代的就是“在图书馆社交”，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Even though they can't always easily visit their local libraries，the library is always with them.”可知，尽管学生们不能总是很容易地参观当地的图书馆，但图书馆总是与他们在一起，由此可知，作者对学生们访问虚拟图书馆的方式是支

持的，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，作者讲述了从自己小时候到成家生子再到工作教书这一路上图书馆所发生的变化，由此可知，作者写这篇文章是为了解释图书馆的变化，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

The age of adulthood is by definition arbitrary. If everyone matured at the same, fixed rate, it wouldn't be a human process. Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so I'd say I was easily old enough to vote at 16, but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and I've got the county court judgment to prove it.

However, we broadly agree that there's a difference between a child and an adult, even if we might argue about the transition point. So the political theorist David Runciman's view that six-year-olds should be allowed to vote goes against any standard argument about the age of civic responsibility. Nobody would say that a six-year-old could be held criminally responsible, could be sent to war, could be capable of consent, could be given responsibility for anything. So allowing them the vote—along with, unavoidably, seven-year-olds who are even sillier, if anything—is quite an amusing proposal.

Runciman's argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life, which is currently twisted in favor of the old, who don't (he added) ever need to demonstrate mental capacity, even long after they've lost it.

The first part of his case is self-evident: pensions are protected while children's centers are closed, concepts such as sovereignty (最高权威) are prioritized over the far more urgent business of the future: climate change. Nostalgia (怀念) for a past the young wouldn't even recognize plays a central role, which is completely unfair.

Most of the arguments against giving six-year-olds a vote are that children would end up voting for something damaging and chaotic, if someone made unrealistic promises to them, which could never be realized. Well, it's not children's fault.

Having said that, children do tend towards the progressive, having a natural sense of justice (which kicks in at the age of six months, psychologists have shown, by creating scenes of great unfairness to babies, and making them cry) and an underdeveloped sense of self-interest. My kid, when he was six, made quite a forceful case against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a house, they shouldn't cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of pre-Marx communism, where you limit the coverage of the market to only those things that you wouldn't mind someone else not having.

On that particular day, when we were registered as voters, my kid was quite far to the left of me, but in the normal run of things, we're united, which brings us to the point of the problem:

children obey you on almost nothing, but they do seem to believe in your politics until they're adolescent. So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes. And what can stop us having even more children, once there's so much enfranchisement (选举权) in it for us? Now, if parents could be trusted to use their influence wisely, and hammer into children the politics it will take to assure a better future, then I wouldn't necessarily have a problem with that, apart from, obviously, that culture is already wildly twisted towards parents, and I can imagine a few non-parents boiling with fierce anger. But that's not worth talking about anyway, because parents can't be trusted, otherwise we'd all already vote Green(绿党).

In short: no, six-year-olds should not get the vote; but while we're here, if any votes come up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU migrants, 16-year-olds certainly should be enfranchised.

（1）The author refers to his age of adulthood to prove that ________.

A. certain rights are granted at different stages of life

B. there's a common standard for the age of adulthood

C. people mature at different rates in various aspects

D. a credit card is more difficult to get than the vote

（2）People reject David Runciman's proposal because ________.

A. they believe children are far from mature in many ways

B. they are uncertain whether children can assume responsibility

C. they know the age to get the vote is not to be questioned

D. they don't think a child can grow into adulthood earlier

（3）What is the base for David Runciman's argument?

A. Public ignorance of children's abilities.

B. Inequalities of opportunity.

C. A cultural preference for the old.

D. The imbalance in political life.

（4）The author talks about his kid to indicate that ________.

A. children are in favor of a just society and tend to be idealistic

B. children are innocent and don't want to be involved in politics

C. children are simple-minded and can fall for an adult's trick

D. children are good-natured and like to help people in need

（5）The author thinks allowing children the vote may lead to ________.

A. twisted culture

B. parents' objections

C. misuse of rights

D. unusual maturation （6）What is the main point of the passage?

A. There is a difference between adults and children.

B. Allowing children the vote is not altogether absurd.

C. The definition of adulthood is quite controversial.

D. Parents should introduce politics to their children.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）A

（5）C

（6）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了儿童成熟的速度是不同，所以作者认为允许儿童投票的提议并不完全是荒谬的，如果将对未来50年的英国政治生活产生影响，16岁的孩子应该被授予选举权。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so I'd say I was easily old enough to vote at 16, but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and I've got the county court judgment to prove it.”可知，作者以他的成熟年龄来证明人们在各个方面的成熟速度是不一样的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Nobody would say that a six-year-old could be held criminally responsible, could be sent to war, could be capable of consent, could be given responsibility for anything.”没人说6岁的孩子会被追究刑事责任，会被送上战场，会有同意的能力，会被赋予任何责任。由此推断，人们拒绝David Runciman的提议是因为他们认为孩子在很多方面还不够成熟，不能被赋予相应的责任。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Runciman's argume nt is that this is the only way to rebalance political life”可知，Runciman论点的基础是，这是重新平衡政治生活的唯一途径，即政治生活的不平衡导致他提出这个提议。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第四段中的“My kid, when he was six, made quite a forceful case against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a house, they shouldn't cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of pre-Marx communism, where you limit the coverage of the market to only those things that you wouldn't mind someone els e not having.”可知，孩子反对私有财产，因为他们觉得每个人需要房子，他们不应该花钱买房，此外食物也应该是免费的，这是一种前马克思共产主义的想法，由此可推测孩子更加公平，更期待理想社会。故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes.”可知，给孩子投票权其实只是给父母额外投票权的一种方式，由此推断作者认为给孩子投票权可能会导致投票权的滥用。故选C。

（6）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“In short: no, six-year-olds should not get the vote; but while we're here, if any votes come up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU migrants, 16-year-olds certainly should be enfranchised.”可知，作者认为6岁的孩子不应该获得选举权，但是如果将来有任何会影响英国以及欧盟移民未来50年政治生活的投票出现话，16岁的孩子应该被赋予选举权，由此可知作者认为儿童被赋予选举权并不完全是荒谬的。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Gemini Man

Gemini Man is a big-budget Hollywood sci-fi-action movie based on an original concept, rather

than on a superhero comic or an old TV series, even though this particular original concept is more 20 years old. In it a government assassin (杀手)is being hunted down by his own clone The original script was sold by Darren Lemke to a studio in 1997, and since then almost every male A-listener has been attached as a potential star. Now, at long last, Ang Lee has directed Gemini Man, and Will Smith plays both the veteran assassin and his much younger doppelganger (分身).

Jojo Rabbit

During World War Two, a 10-year-old German boy (Roman Griffin David) is desperate to be a dutiful Nazi, only to discover that his mother (Scarlett Johansson) is hiding, a Jewish girl (Thomasin McKenzie) in their house. It may not sound like the stuff of a big-hearted comedy but Taika Waititi can make anything warm and funny. As well as writing and directing Jojo Rabbit, Waititi co-stars as the boy's imaginary friend,a nitwitted Adolf Hitler.

Doctor Sleep

Mike Flanag's new film is adapted from Stephen King, novel, Doctor Sleep, which was a sequel (续集) to The Shining. You can expect to see blood flowing out of lifts in a rapid stream, ghostly twin girls and headache-including carpet patterns. Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy with psychic powers m 1980 film. Now, he is a middle-aged hospital counsellor. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil

Here's another chance to see Angelina Jolie. In 2014 she starred in Maleficent, Disney's live-action remake of the Sleeping Beauty cartoon from 1959. The twist was that the eponymous wicked fairy wasn't so wicked, after all, and that the real villain was the father of Princess Aurora (Elle Fanning). The sequel's subtitle promises that Maleficent will actually be evil this time around, her change of heart prompted by Aurora's engagement to handsome prince (Harris Dickinson).（1）What can we learn from this passage?

A. Ewan McGregor plays a role in Doctor Sleep.

B. Taika Waititi is the main character in Jojo Rabbit.

C. Gemini Man is adapted from a 20-yem--old TV series.

D. The real wicked character in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil is Aurora.

（2）If your friend wants to see a horror movie, which one will you recommend?

A. Gemini Man

B. Jojo Babbit

C. Doctor Sleep

D. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四部电影。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Doctor Sleep部分中的“Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy with psychic powers in 1980 film.”可知Ewan McGregor在电影Doctor Sleep扮演Danny Torrance的角色。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据Doctor Sleep部分中的“You can expect to see blood flowing out of lifts in a rapid stream, ghostly twin girls and headache-including carpet patterns.”可知电影里有血腥场景，可怕的双胞胎姐妹和让人头痛的地毯图案，故推测喜欢看恐怖电影的人，会选择Doctor Sleep这部电影。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.

These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. "Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society, "said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. "And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them."

Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mental-health scores with their boyhood -activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.

The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.

Working—at any age—is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn't everything. As Tolstoy once said, "One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work."

（1）What do we know about John?

A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.

B. He had few childhood playmates.

C. He received little love from his family.

D. He was envied by others in his childhood.

（2）Vaillant's words in Paragraph 2 serve as ________.

A. a description of personal values and social values

B. an analysis of how work was related to competence

C. an example for parents' expectations of their children

D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men

（3）Vaillant's team obtained their findings by ________.

A. recording the boys' effort in school

B. evaluating the men's mental health

C. comparing different sets of scores

D. measuring the men's problem solving ability （4）What does the underlined word "sharp" probably mean in Paragraph 4?

A. Quick to react.

B. Having a thin edge.

C. Clear and definite.

D. Sudden and rapid.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，那些小时候工作过的人比那些没有工作过的人生活得更快乐、更有成效。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“He had more job satisfaction, a better marriag e and was healthier.”他的工作满意度更高，婚姻更美满，身体也更健康。可知，约翰享受他的事业和婚姻，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"’Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，‘said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery.’And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.‘"发现这一现象的心理学家Vaillant说:"在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得了能力，并开始觉得自己是社会中有价值的成员。""因为他们对自己感觉良好，别人也对他们感觉良好。"可推知，Vaillant在第二段的话解释了为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Under Vaillant, t he researchers compared the men's menta l-health scores with their boyhood -activity scores.”可知Vaillant的研究小组通过比较不同的分数得到了他们的发现，故选C。

（4）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.”那些在童年时期参加过最多活动的人，与各种各样的人保持亲密关系的可能性是其他人的两倍，获得高薪的可能性是其他人的五倍，失业的不可能性是其他人的16倍。可知，The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. 的意思是男性在孩童时期的行为和成年后的表现之间的联系是惊人的明确。"sharp"的意思明确，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

A famous Anglican Church stands in a quiet corner of Dunedin in New Zealand's South Island. Built in 1865, it is the city's oldest church still in use. Countless couples have gathered here to marry. It's where morning tears are shared, friendships formed and comfort given during times of loss.

As with many churches, its walls are graced with a collection of beautiful stained-glass windows. Known as the "John Allen window", one window portrays the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.

John was the son of Sir James Allen, who as Minister of Defense, helped plan and administer New Zealand's World War I strategy, which saw 100,000 troops sent to fight. With the war over and his son dead, Sir James chose to install a window in the church, with which the Allen family

had strong ties.

Divided into two parts, one depicts (描绘) St. George, the patron saint (守护神) of soldiers, while the other has an angel of peace, along with the words at the bottom, "John Hugh All Gallipoli, 6th June, 1915". Two trees with local birds on the branches can be seen and a kiwi walks at the bottom- reminders that John was a lover of birds.

"There are many war memorials in the church," says the church. "However the 'John Allen window' stands out; it touches people because of the beautiful design, the New Zealand birds and because John's story, of a life so full of promise ending tragically in the war, reflects the lives and stories of so many others involved in World War I."

（1）What does the word "portrays" in paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A. Starts.

B. Changes.

C. Treasures.

D. Represents.（2）Sir James Allen built the "John Allen window" to ______________.

A.celebrate the end of World War I

B.honor the troops in the Gallipoli campaign

C.remember his son's sacrifice to the country

D.show the family's close ties with the church

（3）What might be the main theme of the pictures on the window?

A.Freedom and equality.

B.Peace and war.

C.Human and nature.

D.Marriage and family.

（4）What might be the best title for the text?

A.A Brave Soldier

B.Window on a Life

C.Cruelty of the War

D.A Grand Church

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一所教堂中一个被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗"的窗户，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命。这是约翰的父亲为了纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲而绘制的，主题体现了战争与和平。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.可知被称为“John Allen window”的一扇窗户描绘了当地男子John Allen短暂的一生，他于1915年在土耳其的加里波利战役中牺牲。可知portrays意思为“描绘”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“With the war over and his son dead, Sir James chose to install a window in the church, with which the Allen family had strong ties.”随着战争的结束和他儿子的去世，Sir James选择在教堂里安装了一扇窗户，艾伦家族与这扇窗户有着密切的联

系。可知Sir James Allen建造了“John Allen window”，以纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Divided into two parts, one depicts St. George, the patron saint of soldiers，while the other has an angel of peace, along with the words at the bottom,“ John Hugh All Gallipoli,6th June,1915”.”绘画分为两部分，一部分描绘了士兵的守护神圣乔治，另一部分描绘了和平天使，最下面写着“John Hugh All Gallipoli，1915年6月6日”。可推知窗里的画的主题应当为战争与和平。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段“As with many churches, its walls are graced with a collection of beautiful stained-glass windows. Known as the “John Allen window”, one window portrays the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.”与许多教堂一样，它的墙壁上装饰着一系列美丽的彩色玻璃窗。一个窗子被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗"，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命，他于1915年在土耳其的加利波利战役中去世。）以及文章主要内容为描述这个玻璃窗画背后的故事，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

Thirteen vehicles lined up last March to race across the Mojave Desert, seeking a million in prize money. To win, they had to finish the 142-mile race in less than 10 hours. Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key part－drivers.

DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields. But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance. One had its brake lock up in the starting area. Another began by throwing itself onto a wall. Another got tied up by bushes near the road after 1.9 miles.

One turned upside down. One took off in entirely the wrong direction and had to be disabled by remote control. One went a little more than a mile and rushed into a fence; another managed to go for six miles but stuck on a rock. The "winner," if there was any, reached 7.8 miles before it ran into a long, narrow hole, and the front wheels caught on fire.

"You get a lot of respect for natural abilities of the living things," says Reinhold Behringer, who helped design two of the car-size vehicles for a company called Sci-Autonics. "Even ants (蚂蚁) can do all these tasks effortlessly. It's very hard for us to put these abilities into our machines."

The robotic vehicles, though with necessary modern equipment such as advanced computers and GPS guidance, had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two-year-old human recognizes immediately. Sure, that very young child, who has just only learned to walk, may not think to wipe apple juice off her face, but she already knows that when there's a cookie

in the kitchen she has to climb up the table, and that when she gets to the cookie it will taste good. She is more advanced, even months old, than any machine humans have designed.

（1）Watchers doubted if any of the vehicles could finish the race because_____.

A. they did not have any human guidance

B. the road was not familiar to the drivers

C. the distance was too long for the vehicles

D. the prize money was unattractive to the drivers

（2）DARPA organized the race in order to_____.

A. raise money for producing more robotic vehicles

B. push the development of vehicle industry

C. train more people to drive in the desert

D. improve the vehicles for future wars

（3）From the passage we know "robotic vehicles" are a kind of machines that _____.

A. can do effortlessly whatever tasks living thing can

B. can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limit

C. can show off their ability to turn themselves upside down

D. can move from place to place without being driven by human beings

（4）In the last paragraph, the writer implies that there is a long way to go______.

A. for a robotic vehicle to finish a 142-mile race without any difficulties

B. for a little child who has just learned to walk to reach the cookie on the table

C. for a robotic vehicle to deal with a simple problem that a little child can solve

D. for a little child to understand the importance of wiping apple juice off its face

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了DARPA组织一次汽车越野比赛，目的是想改进未来战场上的机器人汽车，并介绍了这些机器汽车的优点和缺点。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key part－drivers.”车队和观众都知道可能根本没有赢家，因为这些车缺少了一个关键的部分司机。可知，这些汽车都没有驾驶员。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields.”美国国防部高级研究计划局(DARPA)组织了这次比赛，作为推动未来战场机器人车辆发展的一部分。可以推测，DARPA组织这次比赛是军事目的是想改进未来战争用车，故选D。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance.”但这项被称为“大挑战”的项目恰恰证明了，在没有人类引导的情况下，让一辆汽车快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困难。可以推断出“robotic vehicles”是一种不要人操作的汽车，故选D。