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Module 4 Music Born in America

Period 3 Grammar

■Goals

● To understand adverbial clauses of time

● To learn to make sentences containing the adverbial clauses of time

● To understand ellipses

● To note ellipses while reading

■Procedures

Step 1: Warming up by questioning

Read this sentence from the passage on page 45. Choose the best explanation. You are asked to answer the questions by yourselves, and then check with a partner. Finally I’ll collect the answer from the whole class. (c)

Complete the sentences in your own words. Write sentences for the last two blanks using the moment ….You are asked to answer this by yourselves, and then check with a partner.

Finally I’ll call back the answers from the whole class.

Step 2: Learning about Adverbial clauses of time

1. Adverbial clauses of time can not only use the following words and phrases to introduce: when, while, as, before, after, the moment, but also phrases such as every time, ever since, the first time, the last time, by the time

Firstly, look at the sentences and think about the meaning of the time expression. Secondly complete the passage with the correct time expression. Thirdly answer this by yourselves, and then

Step 3: Learning about ellipses

省略句

省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析, 句子应该具备的成分, 有时出于修辞上的需要, 或为了避免重复，在句中并不出现, 这种句子叫做省略句（elliptical sentences, 这种语法现象称为“省略”（ellipsis or leaving words out。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分, 但仍能表达其完整的意义。

省略形式多样, 从单词、短语到分句, 都可以省略, 而且各有一定的衔接关系。“省略”不但是一种“以无为有”的最简便的表达方法, 而且也是一种简便至极, “虽无胜有”的修辞手段。

一·省略主语

Heard this song?(= Have you heard this song?)

Beg your pardon. （我）请你再说一遍。（Beg前省略了主语I）

Take care! 当心！（Take前省略了主语you）

Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。（Looks前省略了主语it）

二·省略谓语动词

I sat near the window, and Mike near the door. (Mike 后面省略了sat)

The river was deep and the ice thin. （ice后面省略了was）

We’ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。（can后面省略了动词do）

三·省略宾语

Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash and you’ll dry.

咱们来洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（wash和dry后面省略了宾语dishes）

四·省略定语

He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.

那钱他花了部分，其余的他都存了起来。（the rest后面省略了定语of the money）

五·省略状语

He was not hurt. Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪！（Strange前面省略了状语how）

六·省略不定式符号后的部分

--- What you said hurt her deeply.

---- I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to. (= I’m sorry, I didn’t mean to hurt her.)

He may leave if he wishes to. 他可以走，如果他愿意的话。（to后面省略了动词leave）Don’t go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。（to后面省略了动词go）

1. --- I won’t do it any more. --- ________?

A. Why don’t

B. Why do n’t do it any more

C. Why not

D. Why not to

2. Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.

A. tell

B. telling

C. having told

D. told

3. --- Will you waste your time and money on that? --- Certainly ________.

A. I not

B. don’t

C. not

D. no

4. --- Mary didn’t attend the lecture, did she? --- Yes, she ________.

A. attended

B. didn’t attend

C. didn’t

D. did

5. --- What’s Jo an doing?

--- _________ newspapers in the room.

A. She reading

B. She reads

C. To read

D. Reading

6. _________ always succeed.

A. Honest and clever students

B. Students who honest and clever

C. Honest students and clever

D. Students are honest and clever

7. --- Can you climb that tree, my boy? --- __________ ?

A. I

B. Myself

C. Mine

D. Me

8. Some people are against the plan but _______ support it.

A. any more

B. many more

C. much more

D. no more

9. --- I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?

--- Not at all. _________.

A. I’ve no time

B. I’d rather not

C. I’d like to

D. I’d be happy t o

10. --- Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant? --- _________. It’s too expensive.

Step 5:

Read the conversation in Activity 2. Put brackets around the words that can be left out. The first example is done for you. Second do the exercise individually, and then check with a partner. Finally I will call back the answers from the whole class, having one student read the full version and another student give the elliptical version.

Step 6: Extension

1. Work in groups and practice both conversations –the “full” version and the elliptical version, changing roles to do both parts. Circulate and monitor their pronunciation.

I will have some pairs perform the elliptical version for the whole class, and then we will discuss the difference between the two versions, and decide which is more natural.

2. Read the conversation and add words to make it clearer and do the exercises individually, and

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