莎士比亚Presentation
Good morning everyone. I am XXX, I am XXX.
Today we want to talk about William Shakespeare, who was often called the English national poet. What’s more, he is widely considered the greatest dramatist of all time.Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. ['w?rik?i?]
He produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories, and these are regarded as some of the best work ever produced in these genres.（流派）His most famous works were four great comedies and four great tragidies.
His four great comedies are the taming of the shrew, a mid summer night dream, the merchant of Venice and twelfth night.
He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, Othello[?u'θel?u], King Lear, and Macbeth [m?k'beθ], considered some of the finest works in the English language.
Then we want to making an introduction about the Tragedies.
Hamlet,
The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet, is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare at an uncertain date between 1599 and 1602. Set in the Kingdom of Denmark, the play dramatises the revenge Prince Hamlet is instructed to exact on his uncle Claudius. Claudius had murdered his own brother, Hamlet's father King Hamlet, and subsequently seized the throne, marrying his deceased brother's widow, Hamlet's mother Gertrude.
King Lear
King Lear is the story of a family at war with itself. Lear, an aging and deeply flawed individual, wrecks his relationship with his three daughters and in doing so, loses all he has. What is there left? This question, which is Lear’s predicament and Shakespeare’s genius, invites us all to think upon what we might gain when nothing is all we have.
Othello
Othello, newly married to Desdemona who is half his age, is appointed leader of a military operation to defend Cyprus from the Turks. Iago, his ensign, passed over for promotion in favour of young Cassio, persuades Othello that Cassio and Desdemona are having an affair.
Macbeth
Macbeth is one of Shakespeare's best known plays. There are all sorts of reasons for this but perhaps the main one is that the basic story still strikes a chord with modern audiences. It is a bloodthirsty tale of ambition, and the evils we will go to in order to get what we want. We follow the central character, Macbeth, as he plots and kills in order to become king. And as soon as he is crowned, we watch as his world falls apart around him.
Now let’s play a game, called “I play, you guess”.
In the next few minutes, we will show you a live performance about four Tragedies by
Shakespeare: Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Macbeth. And then you can guess which tragedies we played.
Romeo: She speaks. Oh, speak again bright angel, for you are as glorious to this night, being over my head, as a winged messenger from heaven is to the white, upturned eyes of mortals who gaze at him.
Twelfth Night & As You Like It
Macbeth
Richard II
The Tempest
Henry IV & Henry V
Hamlet
Hamlet Quotes
台词Classic Quotes：
To be, or not to be -- that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
And by opposing end them.
King Lear
Classic Quotes
"When we are born, we cry that we are come to this great stage of fools."
"How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is to have a thankless child."
"I am a man more sinned against than sinning."（别人负己胜于己负别人）
"Why should a dog, a horse, a rat have life, and thou no breath at all."
Othello
经典对白：
T’is neither here
I will wear my heart
To mourn a mischief
It is the green-eyed monster（嫉妒）
Even now, now
Your daughter and the Moor（摩尔人）
Though I do hate him
Keep up your bright swords
The wealthy curled darlings（花花公子）
Rude am I in my speech
O! Thereby hangs
O thou（诗句中“你”）weed
Kill me to-morrow
O Desdemona!
Macbeth
本剧目背景介绍：
Macbeth became king of Scotland after murdering the previous king. He has held the crown through violence and more murder. His wife supported him, then went mad, and he has just learned that she has died. However, he knows that he must shortly fight a battle for his crown, and his life, and he knows that he will lose. These are the reflections of an evil man who realises that he has lost everything.
台词：
Macbeth:
She should have died hereafter;
There would have been a time for such a word.
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day
To the last syllable of recorded time,
And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!
Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage
And then is heard no more: it is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing.
莎士比亚四大悲剧的悲剧性质探究
莎士比亚四大悲剧的悲剧性质探究 一直以来莎士比亚都是被作为欧洲文艺复兴在英国的领军人物为世人传颂，所以从文艺复兴时期人类自我意识觉醒的角度来审视莎士比亚四大悲剧的悲剧性质也许会更符合当时的社会大背景。因此本文将莎士比亚的四大悲剧与文艺复兴运动相联系来探究其悲剧性质。 经过总结我认为莎士比亚的四大悲剧具有四种不同的悲剧性质，并具有一定的顺承关系，现陈列如下： 《麦克白》：欲望悲剧； 《奥赛罗》：种族悲剧； 《李尔王》：生存悲剧； 《哈姆雷特》：命运悲剧。 一《麦克白》的悲剧性质 在最初的时候我们认识到麦克白并非一个专横、残暴的篡权者，他是一个高贵勇敢的苏格兰大将，他重视荣誉，藐视命运，无所畏惧，战功显赫。但当他站在旷远的荒原上看到雷电轰轰、云雾蒙蒙的壮观景象，又聆听着女巫们对他成为新国王的预言，对于刚刚得胜回朝的麦克白来说，他内心对于权势的狂野追求再也无法克制，一下子冲天而起——他要弑君篡位！ 是的，一切都从此而改变，欲望席卷了他整个内心，他追随着内心欲望的驱使一步步走向毁灭。可当他站在权力之巅来审视自我时，他才幡然醒悟：“明天，明天。再有一个明天，一天接着一天的蹑步前行，直到最后一秒钟的时间。我们所有的时间，不过是替傻子们照亮了到死亡的土壤中去的路。熄灭了吧，熄灭了吧！人生不过是个行走的影子，是舞台上指手画脚的戏子，登台片刻，便在无声无息中悄然退下，他是愚人所讲的故事，充满着喧哗与骚动，却找不到一点意义。” 从文艺复兴的大背景下来审视，麦克白的欲望不正是文艺复兴所宣扬的个人主义在极端下的表现吗？我想这也许就是莎士比亚的理性之处，他或许就是通过麦克白追求内心欲望的悲剧经历来警示世人个性的追求只能是在适度的情况下，无止的一味追求只会给自身带来毁灭！ 二《奥赛罗》的悲剧性质 评价《奥赛罗》的悲剧原因显然离不开奥赛罗的黑人身份。联系到当时欧洲殖民主义的盛行，奥赛罗作为黑人的身份显然在以白人为价值核心的欧洲社会会有一种被排斥的状态，这种状态反应在奥赛罗个人的心理上就会很容易得导致其行为的极端的倾向性，所以悲剧的发生就会成为一个大概率的事件。 因此我想也许莎士比亚在《奥赛罗》中就是想通过以黑人作为主角而最终酿成悲剧来批判主流社会的种族歧视。很显然，殖民主义文化下的种族歧视将会是欧洲文艺复兴运动对人的发现中难以抹去的污点。 三《李尔王》的悲剧性质 对于《李尔王》这部悲剧，我以为莎士比亚俨然已经从对人性悲剧的批判中上升到对整个社会的宗法关系以及价值观的批判上。 十七世纪，随着资本主义经济的发展，人和人基于物质关系和功利主义基础上的商业关系摧毁了原有的宗法和血缘关系，传统的伦理道德在利益面前都变得不堪一击。或许莎士比亚正是基于此而创作了这样一部反映社会各个阶段伦常变换的境况，并最终通过李尔的死去以唤醒台下的观众，让他们来重新审视自身价值、重建自我和精神家园。
sonnet 18 莎士比亚的作品《第十八行诗》赏析 英文版
The speaker of the poem opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often to short by saying, "And summer抯lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6), that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching. Summer is moving along too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various respects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die. In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13)On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer. It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion". The imagery throughout the sonnet is simple and attainable to the reader, which is a key factor in understanding the poem. Then the speaker begins to describe the summer again with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the " summer’s lease", springtime moving into the warmth of the summer. The speaker then starts to promise to talk about this beloved, that is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see," the woman will live. The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare’s sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that effects a pause. But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book. It is much more attainable to understand and it allows for the reader to fully understand how great this beloved truly is because she may live forever in it. An important theme of the sonnet, as it is an important theme throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever. And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations and eventually
莎士比亚名言英汉对照
◆爱比杀人重罪更难隐藏；爱情的黑夜有中午的阳光 ◆爱的力量是和平，从不顾理性、成规和荣辱， 它能使一切恐惧、震惊和痛苦在身受时化作甜蜜 ◆爱情是一朵生长在绝崖边缘的花，要想采摘它必须有勇气 ◆爱情不过是一种疯 ◆爱情里面要是搀杂了和它本身无关的算计，那就不是真的爱情 ◆不太热烈的爱情才会维持久远 ◆草率的婚姻少美满 ◆充实思想不在于言语的富丽莎士比亚的简介 ◆纯朴和忠诚所呈献的礼物，总是可取的 ◆毒药有时也能治病 ◆真正的爱情是不能用言语表达的，行为才是忠心的最好说明 ◆恋爱是盲目的，恋人们瞧不见他们自己所干的傻事 ◆爱比杀人重罪更难隐藏；爱情的黑夜有中午的阳光 ◆黑夜使眼睛失去它的作用，但却使耳朵的听觉更为灵敏，它虽然妨碍了视觉的活动，却给予了听觉加倍的补偿 ◆洪水可以从涓滴的细流中发生 ◆假如我必须死，我会把黑暗当作新娘，把它拥抱在我的怀里 ◆不太热烈的爱情才会维持久远 ◆当我们还买不起幸福的时候，我们绝不应该走得离橱窗太近，盯着幸福出神 ◆爱情不是花荫下的甜言，不是桃花源中的蜜语，不是轻绵的眼泪，更不是死硬的强迫，爱情是建立在共同语言的基础上的 ◆真实爱情的途径并不平坦 ◆忠诚的爱情充溢在我的心里，我无法估计自己享有的财富 ◆每一个被束缚的奴隶都可以凭着他自己的手挣脱他的锁链 ◆爱的力量是和平，从不顾理性、成规和荣辱， 它能使一切恐惧、震惊和痛苦在身受时化作甜蜜 ◆命运如娼妓，贫贱遭遗弃 ◆闪光的东西，并不都是金子，动听的语言，并不都是好话 ◆当爱情小船被浪掀翻时，让我们友好地说声再见 ◆起先的冷淡，将会使以后的恋爱更加热烈 ◆轻浮和虚荣是一个不知足的贪食者，它在吞噬一切之后，结果必然牺牲在自己的贪欲之下 ◆情欲犹如炭火，必须使它冷却，否则，那烈火会把心儿烧焦 ◆因为她生得美丽，所以被男人追求；因为她是女人，所以被男人俘获 ◆人生就象于段重复叙述的故事一般可厌 ◆白糖上面浇蜂蜜，蜂蜜上面盖白糖 ◆爱情的野心使人倍受痛苦 ◆境由爱造，还是爱逐境迁 ◆一个使性子的女人，就象翻腾的浊水，纵使口干舌燥，也不愿啜饮一口 ◆人心和岩石一样，也可以有被水滴穿的孔 ◆你甜蜜的爱，就是珍宝，我不屑把处境跟帝王对调 ◆诡计需要伪装，真理喜欢阳光莎士比亚名言 ◆人生如痴人说梦，充满着喧哗与骚动，却没有任何意义
莎士比亚简介 英文版
关于莎士比亚 莎士比亚的代表作有四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》（英：Hamlet)、《奥赛罗》（英：Othello)、《李尔王》（英：King Lear）、《麦克白》（英：Macbeth）。四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》、《第十二夜》、《皆大欢喜》（《As you like it》）。历史剧：《亨利四世》、《亨利五世》、《理查二世》等。还写过154首十四行诗，二首长诗。本·琼生称他为“时代的灵魂”，马克思称他和古希腊的埃斯库罗斯为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。虽然莎士比亚只用英文写作，但他却是世界著名作家。他的大部分作品都已被译成多种文字，其剧作也在许多国家上演。1616年4月23日病逝。莎士比亚和意大利著名数学家、物理学家、天文学家和哲学家、近代实验科学的先躯者伽利略同一年出生。 Shakespearean representative work has 4-big tragedy: "Hamlet" (UK: Hamlet), "Othello" is (UK: Othello), "King Lear " is (UK: King Lear), "Macbeth " is (UK: Macbeth). 4-big comedy: "A Midsummer Night's Dream ", "The Merchant of V enice " ", Twelfth Night " ", "As Y ou Like It" ("As you like it "). Historical play: "King Henry the Fourth Part 1 " ", King Henry the Fifth " ", King Richard II " and so on. Had written 154 sonnets , two leading cadre poems. Our · Jonson says he is "the times soul " , Max says he and Helladic Aisiku Ross are "the greatest human being drama genius ". Although Shakespeare uses English writing only,he is a famous writer of world but. Most work of him has all already been translated into various language , whose play performs also in the lot of country. Die of illness on April 23 , 1616. Body person Galileo is the same as Shakespeare and famous Italy mathematician , physicist , astrologer with the philosopher , experiment science the modern times first being born for 1 year.
莎士比亚四大悲剧
莎士比亚四大悲剧 莎士比亚四大悲剧，包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》，故事均取自欧洲的历史传说。自十九世纪始，它们即被公认为 是莎士比亚的“四大悲剧”。莎士比亚四大悲剧中的人学，是系统化的怀疑主义哲学。他在人学中涉及到的大多数问题都是关于人与宇宙、人性、灵与肉、人生终极目标等根本性的问题，属于超道德的范畴，可见，莎士比亚四大悲剧中的人学是超道德为主的人学。尽管有其矛盾之处，但是，由于莎士比亚人学对中世纪传统观念提出了质疑，同时将人们的注意力集中到超道德的崇高精神追求方面，因此它对文艺复兴时期社会的发展也起到了不可磨灭的推动作用。[1] 莎士比亚四大悲剧中的人学，是系统化的怀疑主义哲学。莎氏人学中涉及到的大多数问题都是关于人与宇宙、人性、灵与肉、人生终极目标等根本性的问题，属于超道德的范畴，可见，莎氏四大悲剧中的人学是超道德为主的人学。尽管有其矛盾之处，但是，由于莎士比亚人学对中世纪传统观念提出了质疑，同时将人们的注意力集中到超道德的崇高精神追求方面，因此它对文艺复兴时期社会的发展也起到了不可磨灭的推动作用。 艺术特色 莎士比亚创作的艺术特色可以归纳为如下几点： 第一，坚持现实主义创作原则，认为戏剧是反映人生的一面镜子。 第二，追求自然的表演理论，认为演剧要真实，切忌过火。 第三，情节生动丰富，一个剧里常有几条交织在一起的复杂线索，悲喜剧因素结合在一起。 第四，塑造了一系列具有鲜明个性的艺术形象。如哈姆雷特、福斯塔夫。
第五，人物语言性格化，如哈姆雷特的话富有哲理和诗意，御前大臣波洛涅斯的语言矫揉造作，伊阿古的语言充满秽言秽语。据电子计算机统计，莎士比亚创作的词汇量有29066个。 最重要的是，你必须对自己忠实。——《哈姆雷特》 作品风格 莎士比亚最早的剧作是以当时常见的风格写成的。他采用标准的语言书写， 常常不能根据角色和剧情的需要而自然释放。诗文由扩展而定，有时含有精心的隐喻和巧妙构思，语言通常是华丽的，适合演员高声朗读而不是说话。一些评论家的观点认为，《泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯》中庄重的演说词，经常阻碍了情节，《维洛那二绅士》的台词则被评论为做作不自然。[6] 莎士比亚从传统风格转向他自己的特点。《理查三世》开幕时的独白开创了中世纪戏剧中的邪恶角色。同时，理查生动的充满自我意识的独白延续到莎士比亚成熟期剧作中的自言自语。没有单独一个剧本标志着从传统风格到自由风格的转换，莎士比亚的整个写作生涯中综合了这两种风格，《罗密欧与朱丽叶》可能是这种混合风格最好的诠释。 到1590年代中期创作《罗密欧和朱丽叶》、《理查二世》和《仲夏夜之梦》时期，莎士比亚开始用更自然的文字写作。他渐渐将他的隐喻和象征转为剧情发展的需要。莎士比亚惯用的诗的形式是无韵诗，同时结合抑扬格五音步。实际上，这意味着他的诗通常是不押韵的，每行有10个音节，在朗读时每第二个音节为重音。他早期作品的无韵诗和后期作品有很大区别。诗句经常很优美，但是句子倾向于开始、停顿、并结束在行尾，这样有可能导致枯燥。当莎士比亚精通传统的无韵诗后，他开始打断和改变规律。这项技巧在《朱利叶斯·凯撒》和《哈姆雷特》等剧本的诗文中，释放出新的力量和灵活性。[6] 《哈姆雷特》之后，莎士比亚的文风变化更多，尤其是后期悲剧中更富有感情的段落。 英国文学评论家安德鲁·塞西尔·布拉德利将这种风格描述为“更紧凑、明快、富有变化，并且在结构上比较不规则，往往错综复杂或者省略”。在创作生涯后期，莎士比亚采用了很多技巧来达到这些效果，其中包括跨行连续、不规则停顿和结束，以及句子结构和长度的极度变化。完整地理解意思对听众是挑战。后期的传奇剧，情节及时而出人意料地变换，创造了一种末期的诗风，其特点是长短句互相综合、分句排列在一起，主语和宾语倒转、词语省略，产生了自然的效果。[6]
莎士比亚简介——英文
I. Introduction Any discussion of Shakespeare's life is bound to be loaded with superlatives. In the course of a quarter century, Shakespeare wrote some thirty-eight plays. Taken individually, several of them are among the world's finest written works; taken collectively, they establish Shakespeare as the foremost literary talent of his own Elizabethan Age and, even more impressively, as a genius whose creative achievement has never been surpassed in any age. In light of Shakespeare's stature and the passage of nearly four centuries since his death, it is not surprising that hundreds of Shakespeare biographies have been written in all of the world's major languages. Scanning this panorama, most accounts of the Bard's life (and certainly the majority of modern studies) are contextual in the sense that they place the figure of Shakespeare against the rich tapestry of his "Age" or "Times" or "Society." This characteristic approach to Shakespeare biography is actually a matter of necessity, for without such fleshing out into historical, social, and literary settings, the skeletal character of what we know about Shakespeare from primary sources would make for slim and, ironically, boring books. As part of this embellishment process, serious scholars continue to mine for hard facts about the nature of Shakespeare's world. The interpretation of their meaning necessarily varies, often according to the particular school or ideology of the author. Whatever the differences of opinion, valid or at least plausible views about Shakespeare, his character and his personal experience continue to be advanced. Yet even among modern Shakespeare biographies, in addition to outlandish interpretations of the available facts, there persists (and grows) a body of traditions about such matters as Shakespeare's marriage, his move to London, the circumstances of his death and the like. The result of all this is that there is now a huge tapestry of descriptive, critical, and analytical work about Shakespeare in existence, much of it reasonable, some of it outlandish, and some of it hogwash. II. Three important points about Shakespeare In examining Shakespeare's life, three broad points should be kept in mind from the start. First, despite the frustration of Shakespeare biographers with the absence of a primary source of information written during (or even shortly after) his death on 23 April 1616 (his fifty-second birthday), Shakespeare's life is not obscure. In fact, we know more about Shakespeare's life, its main events and contours, than we know about most famous Elizabethans outside of the royal court itself. Shakespeare's life is unusually well-documented: there are well over 100 references to Shakespeare and his immediate family in local parish, municipal, and commercial archives and we also have at least fifty observations about Shakespeare's plays (and through them, his life) from his contemporaries. The structure of Shakespeare's life is remarkably sound; it is the flesh of his personal experience, his motives, and the like that have no firm basis and it is, of course, this descriptive content in which we are most interested. Second, the appeal of seeing an autobiographical basis in Shakespeare's plays and poetry must be tempered by what the bulk of the evidence has to say about him. Although there are fanciful
莎士比亚四大悲剧阅读感想
读莎士比亚四大悲剧有感 席慕容曾在他的诗作《戏子》中写到：“永远在别人的故事中/流着自己的泪。”即使不曾感同身受，我们也常常会为故事中主人公悲惨的命运而忧伤。读莎士比亚的四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》、《李尔王》、《奥瑟罗》就有这种感觉，如冥冥之中注定了主人公无法逃离死亡的诅咒，英雄的王冠注定在这一刻跌落。 悲剧是什么？鲁迅说，“悲剧将人生的有价值的东西毁灭给人看，喜剧将那无价值的撕破给人看”莎士比亚于这四大悲剧中探讨亲情、爱情、婚姻、事业、理想、人生的意义等，展现了贪婪、权利、欺诈、盲目对英雄的毁灭，渗透了自己的哲理思想和价值观念，如我们所熟悉的《哈姆雷特》中的一段独白：“生存还是毁灭,这是一个值得考虑的问题,默默忍受命运暴虐的毒箭,或者挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难,通过斗争把它们扫清。这两种行为,哪一种更高贵?……”这既是哈姆雷特自身思想矛盾的斗争，也代表着莎士比亚对人生价值的思考。所以，哈姆雷特的四大悲剧带给人的不仅是语言上的审美和情节上的打动，还有对价值观、人生观的思考。 一：四大悲剧所阐释的伦理问题 在中国古代儒家学者讲求“君君，臣臣，父父，子子”这样的道德礼仪规范，意思是说，无论你的身份是君王、臣子、父亲还是儿子，都要遵从自己的本分，做好符合自己身份的事，臣子要效力于君王，儿子要孝顺父亲。这种伦理观念是为中国人所遵从的，而从哈姆雷特的四大悲剧就体现了伦理观念于权利、贪婪、欲望摧毁下的低泣。首
先是《哈姆雷特》中哈姆雷特的叔父克劳迪斯杀害了自己的哥哥，夺得王位，娶了自己的嫂嫂，这种“臣拭君”、“弟杀兄”、“妻子背叛丈夫”就体现了伦理道德的破坏，造成了哈姆雷特与自己的叔父、母亲无法弥补的裂痕。命运让哈姆雷特在人生的起始阶段就遭到晴天霹雳，他的叔父杀死了自己的父亲，泯灭的人性，而自己应当承担为自己的父亲报仇的责任，“重整乾坤”。可杀死与自己有血缘关系的叔父，现在的继父，虽然是出于正义之举，可自己的行为从某种意义来说，也是一种“弑父”、“弑君”的行为，而自己又成了人性的刽子手，他内心的纠结痛苦可想而知，“生存还是毁灭”的质疑更是他矛盾的体现。割不断的血缘关系使哈姆雷特本来有机会可以在其叔父作祈祷时杀死他，却迟疑、放弃了，可以说，他后来并不是完全在装疯，他确实为自己的怯弱、犹豫所折磨，母亲的不贞让哈姆雷特对爱情所绝望，让无辜的奥菲利亚被侮辱，“你既贞洁又美丽，那么你的贞洁应该断绝跟你的美丽来往……因为美丽可以使贞洁变成淫荡”。对于年轻的哈姆雷特而言，那种欲复仇而不能、欲罢也不能的痛苦，对亲情、爱情、人生的迷惘让他失去了追求幸福的勇气，也就是现在网络上流行的一句话：“感觉不会再爱了”。那个为女孩唱情歌、写情诗的快乐青年一去不复还了。 《哈姆雷特》写的是一个青年的悲剧，而《李尔王》则是一位老人为亲人所背叛——女儿对父亲的背叛的悲剧。作为年迈国王的李尔，沉醉于大女儿和二女儿如毒液般的甜言蜜语，驱逐真诚的三女儿，而后来大女儿和二女儿对李尔的傲慢、厌恶甚至将其赶出家门的行为
浅谈莎士比亚的四大悲剧
浅谈莎士比亚的四大悲剧 莎士比亚是伊丽莎白时代最伟大的剧作家，他的父亲是伦敦附近史特拉福的一名地主，而童年的莎士比亚在家乡的学习文学及拉丁语。直至1582年后，他移居伦敦当演员及剧作人，并于1589年左右发表他的第一部剧作《亨利六世第一部》(Henry VI, Part 1)。1594年莎士比亚成为宫内大臣剧团(Lord Chamberlain's Company)(即以后的国王剧团)的股东及演员，1599年他获得环球剧院的主权，令他成为当时最活跃的剧坛人物。莎士比亚共写了38个剧本，他的戏剧大致可分为三种：历史剧、喜剧和悲剧。他在历史剧中呈现英国的历史，尤其是蔷薇战争时期，这类剧本显示他能使庞大复杂的历史资料在舞台出现；他的喜剧所采文体颇广，有的着重闹剧成分，有的是浪漫喜剧，也有些内容较为严肃，称为阴沉喜剧；但莎士比亚最伟大的还是在于他的悲剧，而他在悲剧上也采用了广泛的题材和手法。在我看来从某个角度而言，莎士比亚是当时最成功，最富商业价值的剧作家，而属于他的伟大天才表现在他的悲剧上。在莎士比亚的悲剧中，我们可以看到人性的复杂、社会的压迫与无奈，或许更甚至是我们内心中邪恶与善良的战争。 莎士比亚的四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白斯》，其中，《哈姆雷特》在莎翁37个剧本中，最受剧场与学术界的厚爱；《奥瑟罗》是莎翁悲剧中结构最严谨的剧本；《李尔王》被20世纪评论家认为是莎翁最伟大的悲剧；《麦克白斯》则是四大悲剧中节奏最紧凑凝练的作品。在莎士比亚的悲剧中，我们看到其特点是允许悲剧因素与喜剧因素交叉，悲剧中也可以有喜剧成分，是一种平民艺术，没有古典悲剧的清规戒律，让人可以更深切地感受悲剧的产生绝不是偶然的命运安排，人性的复杂更是我们与生俱来的特点，没有人可以消灭悲剧，我们只能从悲剧中看到未来的光明。 “一千个读者，就有一千个《哈姆雷特》”。《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚笔下四大悲剧中的一出讲述天伦相残的故事，也是我最喜欢的莎翁作品。在作品中，哈姆雷特有着年轻人的热血沸腾、踌躇满志、放荡不羁，又怀着孝顺与叛逆，正义与偏激，宽容与仇恨的矛盾人性。在作品中年轻的丹麦王子哈姆雷特发现自己的叔叔是毒害生父国王的凶手，而自己的母亲则在父亲过世不到两个月，便与国王的弟弟结婚。羞耻与哀悼，仇恨与宽容正在他的心中激荡着，他为叔叔的恶毒而愤怒，为母亲的婚姻而感到羞耻，为自己的父亲而感到悲伤，为世间的明争暗斗而感到疯狂，这些都把他推向不能自拔的困境，使他一步一步走上复仇之路，不惜装疯卖傻、抛弃爱情、甚至到最后牺牲生命。仇，是复了；亡灵，是安息了，但深爱他的女子却永远离他而去；自己的性命也在这场复仇的战争中牺牲了。 我们或许还不能理解，是什么样的仇恨才会把一个人逼到如此地步，甚至致使一个人陷入疯狂与绝望；我们或许不能明白，为什么亲如手足的兄弟会为了权力与金钱而手足相残；我们或许不知道，是怎样强烈的爱可以使人付出一切，包括生命与灵魂；我们或许……但我们知道在莎翁的作品中，虚构的人物总有现实的模板，文学的作用便是将现实反映出来。人性的弱点与光辉都融入了哈姆雷特之中，我们看到的哈姆雷特是个有血有肉，有爱有恨的人。哈姆雷特是虚构的、是夸张的，但却让我们知道掩藏在灵长动物的躯壳之下我们都有着一扇黑暗之门，一旦潘多拉的宝盒打开了，毁灭的不仅是我们自己本身也会是我们身边原本的美好生活。悲剧是人类掌握的最美妙的艺术形式之一，是人类艺术的结晶，它在虚构中为我们的现实敲响了警钟，人性是复杂的，是我们不可避免的，但人性的光辉却是我们终其一生追寻的梦想。 《奥瑟罗》是莎士比亚在1604年所写的四大悲剧之一，与《哈姆雷特》不同的是，在《奥瑟罗》中莎士比亚更注重描写的是人性的嫉妒这一弱点。莎士比亚在《奥瑟罗》中创造出奥瑟罗与埃古全然不同的两种人物典型，全剧并围绕在家庭﹑嫉妒两大主题中发展，在莎翁的笔下，嫉妒便是人心最大的弱点。
莎士比亚李尔王之弄人解析
Class: Class 3 School Number: 20064398 Name: Wei Yun Course Name: Selected Readings in British Literature Role Analysis of the Fool in King Lear Fool is an important role freq uently appeared in Shakespeare?s works, such as Touchstone in As You Like It, Feste in Twelfth Night,Lavatch in All's Well That Ends Well, etc. The fool in King Lear is of course a character figured successfully, revealing the truth with seemingly addlepated words. Actually, in his woks, though figured as an antagonist, the fool is taken as Shakespeare?s prolocutor, with great wisdom and philosophy. Through not scrupling to speak the truth out, they satirize human depravity boldly and served as a sharp comparison with the villain of the piece in the plays. They insufflate a gloomy wind into the bright and warm world in the comedies, and affuse a rational and warmhearted spring to the somber and cruel world. They apperceive everything and escape from the subcelestial confusion; they seem insane but actually not; they own vivid image, unique personality, spiritual indifference and insular character; they have extraordinary artistic charm in Shakespeare?s works. …Fool? means …a man employed by a king or queen to entertain people by telling jokes, singing songs, etc? in the dictionary.① The fool represents the need of freedom instead of rules and regulations, he has the freedom to speak out whatever he sees without the worldly consideration and disguise. So the fool could also be regarded as a foresighted person and discovers the irrationality and absurdness of the society from a particular visual angle. His humorous and seemingly foolish words bring us laugh but they contain wisdom and truth as the same time. With regard to the fool in King Lear, as an irreplaceable role in this play, the fool is the symbol and extension of Cordelia, the teacher of King Lear and saves King Lear in the end. It was him who reve als Lear?s foolishness directly, criticizes Goneril and Regan?s selfishness and cruelty inexorably and also companies Lear, reminds him and saves him.
莎士比亚四大悲剧ppt优秀课件
莎士比亚四大悲剧 莎士比亚四大悲剧包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》。 《哈姆雷特》中有一句很有名，也很有哲理的话： 不要借钱给别人，也不要向别人借钱；借钱给别人会让你人财两失，向别人借钱会让你挥霍无度。——《哈姆雷特》 《哈姆雷特》 《哈姆雷特》又名《王子复仇记》,哈姆雷特是一个人的名字，这个人是一个国家的王子，主要讲的是一个王子为父报仇，杀了他的叔叔的故事。他的叔叔为了夺取王位，把毒药倒进了国王也就是哈姆雷特的父亲的耳朵里，杀死了国王，娶了皇后也就是他的嫂子，哈姆雷特的母亲，哈姆雷特回国后，收到父亲的托梦，知道了真相。而此时的假国王也知道哈姆雷特想除掉他，而他也想除掉哈姆雷特，假国王想借用比剑的机会，用有毒剑杀死哈姆雷特，若哈姆雷特没有被毒剑所伤，就以奖励为借口让哈姆雷特喝下放入钻石的美酒，当然钻石上涂有毒药。但是最终，哈姆雷特在比试中获胜，毒酒被他的母亲喝了，他杀死了他的叔叔，同时它也被毒剑刺中，牺牲了！ 在《哈姆雷特》这一不朽剧作中，始终存在着善良与邪恶之间一系列激烈的矛盾冲突。哈姆雷特作为该剧的主要角色，他的命运不可避免地处于这激烈矛盾冲突的漩涡之中。身为王子的哈姆雷特被莎翁塑造为生命之美的典型，他年轻英俊，坚毅勇敢，热爱自己的国家，热爱自己的父王和母后，有着心爱的恋人奥菲利亚，可以说，他的生命正处于人生最美好的时刻。 然而，这美好的生命时光瞬息之间又消失了，他是处于一种什么样的环境之中呢？我们看到，当时的丹麦宫廷一片混乱，老王奇怪地驾崩，王后改嫁新王，国外敌军压境，国内群情激愤、一触即发，而宫中却在通宵达旦地酗酒取乐，这一切，都在哈姆雷特年轻美好的生命中投下了巨大的阴影，从而使他郁郁寡欢，认为人间不过是"一个荒芜不治的花园，长满了恶毒的莠草"，这些已经为王子年轻的生命注入了悲剧的因素。 随着老王鬼魂的出现，宫廷内幕的揭开，谋杀罪行的暴露，王子心中烈火的燃起，悲剧的帷幕拉开了…… 面对阴险奸诈的新王，哈姆雷特开始了孤身复仇的行动：为了复仇，他失手杀死了恋人的父亲；为了复仇，他佯装疯狂失去了深爱的情人；为了复仇，他对软弱的母亲冷言相向；为了复仇，他忍受着失去友情的痛苦。最后，在一场血淋淋的宫廷决斗中，他虽然杀死了阴险狡诈的新王，但自己的生命也结束在这"牢狱"般的宫廷中。 鲁迅曾经说过："悲剧就是将人生的有价值的东西毁灭给人看。"哈姆雷特作为一个深受广大群众爱戴的王子，他身上具备整顿局势、治理国家、报仇雪恨的能力。然而面对着以阴险奸诈的新王为代表的强大的封建势力，作为一个资产阶级人文主义者，他始终把这种和人民紧密相连的事业看作个人的仇恨而孤军奋战，因此，他的悲剧既是真善美与邪恶力量相冲突的悲剧，也是一个人文主义者时代的悲剧。 哈姆雷特形象之所以具有强烈的悲剧美，关键在于构成这一切的矛盾冲突，悲剧正是通过对冲突必然性的揭示，通过对有价值东西的毁灭，表达了对真善美的肯定。哈姆雷特以自己的死赢得了对旧制度、旧势力道义上的胜利，悲壮而不悲观，使人们透过悲剧，从主人公的身上感受到一种新的生命，看到了黑暗王国的一线光明。 《奥赛罗》 《奥赛罗》是英国戏剧家莎士比亚四大悲剧之一。讲述了黑人将军奥赛罗与美丽善良的苔丝狄蒙娜相爱而秘密成婚。旗官伊阿古因所求之职被奥赛罗给了凯西奥而怀恨并决意报复。他设计使凯西奥触犯军纪被撤职，又鼓动苔丝狄蒙娜向奥赛罗求情，致使奥赛罗因怀疑爱妻与凯西奥有染而妒火中烧并亲手将其掐死。当伊阿古的妻子揭穿阴谋时，奥赛罗拔剑自刎，倒在苔丝狄蒙娜的尸体上……