英语必修一语法知识点

英语必修一语法知识点

概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要

加引号。

例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”

Mr.Black said that he was busy.

陈述句的变化规则

直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that可省略引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。

人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思

例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.

2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in yourroom.”

→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.

时态的变化

例：

“I don’t want to set down a series of factsin a diary,” said Anne.

→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series offacts in a diary.

The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”

→ The boy said that he was using a knife.

▲注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：

He sa id, “Light travels much faster thansound.”

He said that light travels much faster thansound.

指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化

概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

成分：先行词，即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系代词：that，which，who宾格为whom,所有格为whose;或者关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句的作用。

1.关系代词that的用法

关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人，也能指物;既能做主语，也能做宾语

例：1A plane is a machine that can fly. 指物，作主语

2The noodles that I cooked were delicious.指物，作宾语

3Who is the man that is reading a book overthere? 指人，作主语

4The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim’ssister,指人，作宾语

2. 关系代词which的用法

关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语

例：1They planted some trees which didn’t needmuch water. 作主语

2The fish which we bought this morningwere not fresh. 作宾语

3. 关系代词who，whom的用法

关系代词who,whom只能指人，在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语

例：1The foreigner who helped us yesterday isfrom USA.作主语

2The person to whom you just talked to isMr. Li. 作宾语、

4. 关系代词whose在的用法

关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。

例：1This is the scientist whose name is known all over theworld. 指人，作主语

2 The roomwhose window faces south is mine. 指物，作主语

3He has written a book whose name I’veforgotten. 指物，作宾语

5. 关系副词when的用法

关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语

例：1I’ll neverfo rget the time when =during which we worked on the farm.

2 Do you remember the afternoon when =onwhich we first met three years ago?

6.关系副词where在定语从句中的用法

关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语

例：1This is the place where =at/ in which wefirst met.

2 The hotel where = in which we stayed wasn’t very clean.

7.关系副词why在定语从句中的用法

关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语

例: 1. I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t thereason why= for which I left.

2. The reason why =for which he has late was that he missed thetrain.

一祈使句的变化规则

如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词，如果祈使句是否定句，在

不定式前面还要加上not。例：

The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”

→ The hostess asked us to sit down.

He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”

→ He told the boys not to make so much noise.

二疑问句的变化规则

如果直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号。

一般疑问句：如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said 时，要改为ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句。例:

“Do you think a diary can become your friend?”the writer says.

→ The writer asks us if we think a diary can become ourfriend.