辽宁省沈阳市第二十一中学高一英语外研,必修1习题：Modle 5 知识点讲解

【词条1】aim

【点拨】aim常作名词,意为"目的,目标"。如:

As students, we must be clear about our learning aims.

I don’t know his aim of going to Beijing at this time of the year.

【拓展】

1.aim作名词常用于以下短语:

①achieve one’s aim"实现某人的目标"。如:

She made great efforts in order to achieve her aims.

②take aim at"向……瞄准；把矛头或目标对准……"。如:

The hunter took aim at the tiger and shot at it.

2. aim还可作动词,意为"目的是,旨在；瞄准,对准等"。常用于以下结构:

①aim to do / at doing sth."旨在做某事"。如:

They are aiming to reduce the unemployment rate by 50%.

These steps aim at preventing crime.

②aim at sth."向……瞄准"。如:

I was aiming at the tree but hit the car by accident.

【词条2】balance

【点拨】balance可作名词,意为"天平"。如:

My mother bought a pair of balances yesterday.

This kind of balance are mostly used in labs.

【拓展】

1. balance作名词,还可意为"平衡,均衡",常用于balance between A and B。如:

You should learn to keep a balance between work and relaxation.

2. 体会下列各句中balance短语的意思:

①Can you keep yo ur balance standing on one leg? (保持平衡)

②She lost her balance while performing and had her leg hurt. (失去平衡)

③Hanging in the air, he is out of balance. (失去平衡)

3. balance也可作动词,意为"保持平衡；相抵,抵消；权衡,比较"。如:

How long can you balance on the narrow wood?

She tries to balance her home life a nd work.

Before making a decision, we must balance the advantages against its disadvantages.

4. balanced n."平衡的,均衡的"。如:

We must keep a balanced diet to keep fit.

【词条3】exp and

【点拨】expand为动词,意为"扩大,增加；膨胀"。如:

A child’s vocabulary expands through reading.

Metals expand when they are heated.

【拓展】

1. expand作动词,还可意为"扩张,发展；阐述,详述"。如:

We have expanded our business by opening two more stores.

I repeated the question and waited for her to expand.

2. expand意为"详述,充分叙述",常用于expand on / upon sth.。如:

Could y ou expand on that point, please?

3. expandable adj."可扩张的,可扩充的"；expansion n."扩张,扩展；膨胀"。如:

This is an expandable suitcase.这是个可伸缩的公文包。

Though the economic situation is not so good, the company is confident of its further expansion.

经典短语透视

【短语1】add...to...

【点拨】add ... to ...意为"往……加入……"

如:

Please add his name to this list.

Do you have anything to add to his statement?

【拓展】常见的其他add短语还有:

①add up"把……加起来；合计起来"。如:

Add up the numbers in this line and then you will get the final result.

②add up to"总计为……"。如:

All the students in our school add up to 572.

【短语2】used to

【点拨】used to 意为"过去经常……",其中to为不定式符号,后接动词原形。如:

He used to climb the mountain every Sunday.

I used to stay up late.

【拓展】

1. be used to do, be used to doing, used to do, be used as用法辨析:

①be used to do 意为"被用来做某事"。如:

My literature book is used to be a pillow (枕头)for the little boy.

②be used to doing意为"习惯做某事",其中to 是介词。如:

He has b een used to living in the new school.

③used to do意为"过去常常做某事"。如:

I used to sing loudly in the music class.

④be used as 意为"当做……来用"。如:

Papers were used as a table when we were having picnic last w eek.

2. used to do 和would 用法比较:

①两者都表示过去的动作,当表示过去习惯性的动作时,两者可互换。如:

When we were children we would go skating every winter.

相当于When we were children we used to go skating every winter.

②若表示过去持续的状态,或强调过去与现在的对比,通常只用used to,

不用would。如:He is not what he used to be.

I don’t smoke these days, but I used to.

【短语3】be supposed to

【点拨】be supposed to意为"应该……；本该……",其中to是动词不定式符号,不是介词,其后要跟动词原形。如:

My sister is supposed to be back from America two days later.

What you are supposed to do is studying we ll and becoming a useful person for society.

【拓展】

1. be supposed to do还可以意为"被期望……",它可以用来表示劝告、议；义务、责任等。如:

Everyone is supposed to reach the classroom a little earlier than the bell rings.

2. be supposed to have done意为"本应做某事(但事实上没有做)",表示一种虚假的情况。如:

You are sup posed to have handed in your homework by now.

3. be supposed to的否定结构为be not supposed to,它常用于口语中,意为"不被许可；不应当"。如:

She was not supposed to be angry about that. 她本不该为那件事而生气。

热点语法聚焦

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级

形容词和副词比较难把握的就是级。本期我们主要学习一下形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成及一些表示比较的固定结构。

一、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成

单音节和部分双音节形容词及副词在词尾加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级；多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more和most构成比较级和最高级。例如:

原级比较级最高级

bright brighter brightest

thin thinner thinnest

important more important most important

naturally more naturally most naturally

hard har der hardest

二、表示比较的结构

1. 比较级+ and + 比较级,意为"越来越……"。如:

It’s becoming warmer and wa rmer.

2. the +比较级,the +比较级,意为"越……越……"。如:

The harder you work, the better result you will get.

3. no more ... than ...,意为"……和……一样不……"。如:

I have no more money than Lily.

4. no less than,意为"多达,……那样多"。如:

I think he has worked for no less than 5 years till now.