中考英语语法动词不定式的主要句型

动词不定式的主要句型

一、学习目标

1.熟练掌握动词不定式的句型结构。

2.熟练运用动词不定式的固定句型。

3.理解并运用不带to的动词不定式。

二、知识讲解

1.使用动词不定式的主要句型

疑问词+动词不定式

不定式可以和疑问代词who , what , which及疑问副词when,how,where连用构成不定式短语，在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分。

The question is when to start.

问题是什么时候开始。

What to do is an important question.

该做什么是一个很重要的问题。

I can't decide who/whom to invite.

我决定不了邀请谁。

备注:

（1）“疑问词+不定式”作宾语时,常与下列动词连用: know , show , teach , tell , leam , forget等。

We don't know when to go.

我们不知道什么时候去。

He doesn't know how to make a banana milkshake.

他不知道怎样制作香蕉奶昔。

（2）有些动词后接how+不定式作宾语时, how可省略。

I learnt (how) to drive when I was 17.

我17岁那年学会了开车。

但是,有些动词后面接how +不定式作宾语时,尽管其中的how在汉语中不需要译出,但却不能将how省略。.

He knows how to play the piano.他会弹钢琴。

He s howed her how to swim.他教她游泳。

（3） whether(是否)也常和不定式连用。

He hasn't decided whether to go or stay.

他还没决定去留。

1，We don't know it next Let's go and ask Mr. Li. A. what to do B. to do what

C. whether to do

D. to do whether

答案C

解析：本题考查"疑问词+不定式"及"whether+不定式”。首先可排除B、D两项, what为疑问代词, 设空处后面的让多余; whether为"是否"的意思,故选C项。

too....to ...和enough.... to....

(1)“too+形容词副词+ to do sth.”意为“太....（以至于）不能......

The student was too frightened to say a word.

这个学生太害怕了,以至于不能说一-句话。

It's never too old to learn.活到老学到老。

此句型还可以so..for sb./sth. to do sth。

The box is too heavy for me to carry.

这个箱子对我来说太重了,我搬不动。

此句型还可以转换为“so... that +主语+ can't/ couldn't"句型。He was too tired to move on.

=He was so tired that he couldn't move on.

他太累了,不能继续走了。

(2)“形容词/副词+enough to do sth.”意为“足够......”

The girl is old enough to go to school.

这个女孩已到上学的年龄了。

此句型也可以转换为“so...that主语+can”句型。

Tom runs fast enough to catch up with LiLei.

= Tom runs so fast that he can catch up with Li Lei.

汤姆跑得那么快,能赶上李雷。

注：too+adj/adv.to do 和 adj/adv +enough to do 这两个里面的adj和adv取决于他们所修饰的词，比如：He was too tired to move on. tired修饰was所以用的adj,同理enough也是如此。

2,He is not old enough ____ to school.

A. gone

B. going

C. went

D.to go:

答案D

解析:考查动词词组。根据题意可知,他的年龄不够大,不可以去( to go)上学。be + adj.+ enough + to do为固定搭配,故to go符合题意。故正确答案为D。

It be+形容词+of/for sb. +to do sth.

这一句型应特别注意of和for的使用情况。

(1)for sb.句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词,如: easy , difficult , hard ,important,possible , interesting等。可转化为“To do sth. +be+形容词+for sb.”。

It was hard for him to learn English well.

=To learn English well was hard for him.

对他来说学好英语太难了。

(2)of sb.句型-般用表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如: good , kind , nice, clever , foolish,right , wrong, careful等。可转化为“sb. +be+形容词+to do sth.”。

It's kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.

谢谢你的美言。

How foolish of you to do that!你干那事,真傻!

It's very kind of you to help me.

=You are very kind to help me.

你帮我的忙真是太谢谢了。

其他句型

(1) It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。

It's my turn to tell the story.该我讲故事了。

(2) It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.某人花多长时间做某事。

It took me 3 hours to repair the TV set.

我用了三个小时修理这台电视机。

(3) It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth 为“......时候了”。该句式也可扩展为It's time for sb. to do sth.是某人做某事的时候了。

Its time for us to go to school.我们该去上学了。

(4) sb. +be+adj.+to do sth.某人因...而.... （to do 在这里做原因状语）

I am very sorry to hear that.

听说那件事我很难过。

(5) find/ think/feel it + adj.+to do sth.发现/认为感到做某事...(it为形式宾语)

I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.

我发现认为/感到学好英语是困难的。

2.动词不定式不带to的情况

( 1 )在固定词组had better之后

eg. You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。

注: had better do sth.的否定形式: had better not do sth.（2）不定式在使役动词或感官动词后作宾语补足语时,不带to。eg. I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。

I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来。

注:这些动词可归纳为:一感(feel) , 二听(listen to, hear) , 三让(let, make , have),四看(look at , see , watch , notice ) (3)在why not之后:“Why not +不带to的不定式?”与“Why don't you do...”同义,可以用来提出建议或劝告。

eg. Why not go with us ?

为什么不和我们一-起去呢?

Why not take a holiday ?为什么不休个假呢?

=Why don't you take a holiday ?

( 4 )动词不定式在help后作宾语补足语时,可带to ,也可不带to。eg. Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box?

你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗?

备注:help sb do sth.通常也可说成help sb to do sth. , 其意为"帮助某人做某事”,两者常可通用,即其中的不定式符号to可以省略 ,也可以保留

三、总结

动词不定式的固定句型

1.疑问词+动词不定式

不定式可以和疑问代词who , what , which及疑问副词

when,how,where连用构成不定式短语,在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分。

2. to..to结构"too+形容词副词+ to do sth."意为“太... (以至于)不能... enough.. to“形容词/副词+enough to do sth.“意为“足够...能做..... ”

3.It be+形容词+of/for sb. +to do sth.

4.Its one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。

It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.某人花多长时间做某事。

It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.为"是该做....的时候了”。该句式也可扩展为It's time for sb. to do sth.是某人做某事的时候了。

sb. +be+adj.+to do sh.某人....因....

find/ think /feel it + adj.+to do sth.发现认为/感到做某事.....的。

动词不定式不加to的情况

1.在固定词组had better之后

2.不定式在使役动词或感官动词后作宾语补足语时,不带to。

3.在why not之后: "Why not +不带to的不定式?”与"Why don't you do ..”同义,可以用来提出建议或劝告。

4.动词不定式在help后作宾语补足语时,可带to ,也可不带to。

四、练习

1 ，You have worked for several hours. You'd better a rest.

A. to stop to have

B. stop to have

C. to stop having

D. stop having

答案B

解析：考查ask和help的用法。根据ask sb to do sth请某人做某事; help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事。故答案为B。

2，Lucy is new here. So she didn't know ___ about the trouble.

A. what to talk

B. what to talk to

C. who to talk to

D. who to talk

答案C

解析：考查宾语从句和固定短语。句意:露西新来这。她不知道跟谁说她的麻烦。根据句意是跟谁,排除A. B。跟某人讨论是talk to sb。3，——This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me___ Tom?

——Sure.

A.what to work it out

B. what to work out it

C. how to work it out

D. how to work out it

答案C

解析:此题考查的是宾语从句。句意为:这个问题太难了,你能给我展示一下怎样解决它吗?--当然。表示“怎样"用how , work sth. out表示"解决某事" , 故本题选C。

4, It's really nice ___ you ____ me.

A. for; inviting

B. of; inviting

C. for; to invite

D. of; to invite

答案D

解析:考查ask和help的用法。根据ask sb to do sth请某人做某事; help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事。故答案为B。

5, Lucy is new here. So she didn't know ___ about the trouble.

A. what to talk

B. what to talk to

C. who to talk to

D. who to talk

答案C

解析:考查宾语从句和固定短语。句意:露西新来这。她不知道跟谁说她的麻烦。根据句意是跟谁,排除A. B。跟某人讨论是talk to sb。[知识点]语言知识运用>非谓语动词> to do >疑问词+to do

6，——Ht's necessary_____ our environment.

——I agree with you.

A. protect

B. protecting

C. to protect

D. protects 答案C

解析:根据I's necessary，可知句子考查It's necessary to do sth.表示做某事是必须的。

7, It is important for everyone____( listen ) to the teacher carefully in class.

答案:to listen

解析:be important for sb to do sth对于某人做某事很重要，故答案为

to listen。

8,It took me a whole day the machine.

A. Repair

B. to repair

C. repairing

D. repairs

答案B

解析：考查中考常用短语和句型。由题意可知:修理机器花费了我一整天的时间。It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间,故选B。

9,My friend Mary's hobby is writing. I often see her___ diaries in the classroom.

A. keeps

B. writing

C. write

D. kept

答案C

解析:考查文意理解。句意:我的朋友玛丽的兴趣爱好是写作, 我经常看见他在教室写日记。keep保持。often ,表明句子为一般现在时。see sb do sth看见某人做某事,强调已经完成的事情，或者表述客观事实。see sb doing sth表示看到某人正在做某事,强调正在进行,当前发

生的事情。故选C。