高中英语 高考冲刺知识讲解-：完形之语法、首尾呼应、固定搭配等解题技巧
高考冲刺：完形之语法、首尾呼应、固定搭配等解题技巧
题型介绍
高考全国卷完形填空考点设置
句内层次题：是指空格的答案由空格所在句子决定。
句组层次题：是指空格的答案由与空格相距不远的一组句子决定。
语篇层次题：是指空格的答案由整篇文章的内涵决定。
完形填空选项设置的几个特点
1. 同义、近义词辨析型，多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词。平时要多把这几类词性的词归纳记忆。
2. 固定搭配型多倾向考查动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词，典型句子结构的搭配。
3. 常用语法（时态和语态、从句连词）。
4. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型。
完形考查点
1.以记叙文为主，内容涉及史实背景、风土人情、生活常识、经历体验等，要求考生有比较广的知识面。
2.连环题之间的连贯性、逻辑性强，应倍加注意。
解题技巧
解题存在的主要问题
1. 简单地把所选答案代入空格, 翻译；
2. 同义词用法辨析不清；
3. 做题时的急躁或畏惧心理；
平时的练习方法和提高途径
良好的完形填空成绩主要表现在良好的阅读习惯和良好的语法功底，得阅读者得天下，完形填空也不例外。培养自己良好的阅读习惯应做到：
1.要以意群，语义为单位读，不要逐词逐句地认；
2.要借助视觉扫读，不要手指唇动或无声心读；
3.要从头至尾，一气呵成，不要频繁回读；
4.要直接理解原文，不要逐词逐句地心译；
5.要利用上下文和构词法猜测生词，推测出句意，不要频繁查阅词典；
6.逐步扩大视距，要纵式快速阅读，不要横式赏析细读。
7.要有规律地做题，题不在多而在精。每做一篇都要善于对比自己的思路和文章作者的思路，每做一篇都要总结自己失分的原因，并在下次做题时提醒自己不要再犯。
首尾呼应技巧
首尾呼应是写作中的常用手法，高考中的完形填空短文尤其如此。所以在做题时不但要考虑本句，还要考虑这个信息在文章的其他地方有没有相关信息。
语法技巧
完形填空虽然以语境填空为主,但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题,可以利用平时所学的词汇知识,分析单词(词组)的使用范围、动词的及物不及物,并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项,排除干扰。
利用平行或对比结构解题
平行结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐匀称,内容联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度,利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来,加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。
固定搭配虽然在完形填空题中所占比重较小，但也是考查重点之一。在解题时，不能单从词义上辨析，而应审查空格前后构成的动词短语、名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语等习惯性搭配及英语中一些常用的固定句式。
真题再现
首尾呼应【链接高清】
1. I became a gardener when I was twelve. My early intention of gardening may not have originated from my love for nature.... And now I could say it is my affection for that makes me a real gardener.
A. freedom
B. life
C. growth
D. nature
2. It was the first time that my took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training.
A. hobby
B. plan
C. dream
D. word
(后文)I see a tradition that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow—and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.
3. I first went to hear a live rock concert when I was eight years old. My brother and his friends were all _____ of a heavy metal group called Black Wednesday. (山东)
A. members
B. friends
C. fans
D. volunteers
(后文)After the performance, I became a Black Wednesday fan too for a few years before getting into other kinds of music.
4. Alice became friends with Jane and would ______ talk to her at lunch. She did it that way in order to avoid the other kids (laugh) her.
A. secretly
B. happily
C. quietly
D. eagerly
固定搭配，词语辨析
1. We finally did and it was ___20___at first sight. It was Our Home…
A. relief
B. concern
C. love
D. curiosity
2. The stories of his unconventional ___36(ideas)___ and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so __37(amazing)___ to me and had such a big __38__ on how I saw life from then on.
A. strike
B. push
C. challenge
D. impact
3. When the music finished, I asked them all to raise their ___44__ slowly so that we could share our musical journey.
A legs B. heads C. arms D. shoulders
4. The cha nce passed and I didn’t ______ it. I took the exam the next day and I won...
A. take
B. have
C. lose
D. find
5. It was 4 o’clock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs. Clarke was __ tea at the time.
A. cooking
B. making
C. burning
D. serving
6. The clothes a person wears may express his ________ or social position.
A. curiosity
B. status
C. determination
D. significance
7. I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be ______ but a failure.”
A. anything
B. something
C. everything
D. nothing
8. I would excitedly turn the tap __29__ and brush the comb carefully.
A. out
B. over
C. in
D. on
9. I know that my employer carries a lot on her shoulders. She is ________ for many things in the office. And because she is so important, she sometimes gets to rub shoulders with the top officials. She gets to spend time with some very important people.
A. suitable
B. eager
C. responsible
D. ready
平行或对比结构
1. If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to examine their
meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. ___51___, you would see plenty of animals with people running after them.
A. instead
B. Therefore
C. Moreover
D. Otherwise
2. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling __61____ partnership. In contrast, human do not seem to be as ____62(gifted)___ as other animals at detecting such chemicals.
A. open
B. alert
C. resistant
D. superior
3. A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and ______ room is in a much better position than
a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
A. furnished
B. expensive
C. comfortable
D. suitable
4. Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them ______ and active.
A. alive
B. vivid
C. mobile
D. diverse
5. As I looked around, I realized that there were dozens of other people at the park —some of them were parents with children of their own — but no one else had stopped to help the boy who was being picked on by a group of boys. I walked up to the group and said something. I felt happy that one of the boys was brave enough to stand up against his friends to help that boy, but I felt ________ that no one else had even taken a second glance. I couldn't help but think that those parents at the park would want someone to help their children in that situation, and yet they did nothing but stand by.
A. hungry
B. anxious
C. sad
D. guilty
语法线索
1. ______do you suppose he asked for them?
A. What
B. How
C. Who
D. Which
2. ______ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job.
A. Because
B. While
C. If
D. Since
3. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for _______his family might need, he burst into tears
A. whoever
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. whenever
4. The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here, one of several dozen such pictures. __28__ she had a slice to eat, she never bothered the one on her head. It was a fair trade — I got a pleasure, and she had yet another tasty treat.
A. Even if B．Ever since C．As far as D．So long as
首尾呼应
1. D。短文开头提到早期从事园艺的意图并非出于对大自然的热爱。空格所在句则说“现在会说正是对大自然的热爱使‘我’成为一名真正的园艺师”。
2. C。空格出现在短文开头，但在短文结尾提到“……激励人们去追随他们的梦想”，首尾照应。
3. C。短文第一空答案的相关照应信息出现在最后一段“I became a Black Wednesday fan too for a few years ”。
4. 本题的正确答案的跨行信息在文章倒数第二段：She also encouraged her daughter not to feel like she should secretly be friends with Jane but to feel proud of her (friendship) with her.
固定搭配、词语辨析
1. love at first sight是固定搭配，意为“一见钟情”。
2. have an impact on(对……有影响)为固定搭配。A. 打击 B. 逼迫 C. 挑战 D.影响
3. raise one’s head(s)抬起头来。句意：当音乐放完时，我要求他们所有人慢慢抬起头来，那样我们就能分享我们的音乐之旅。
4. A。take a chance为固定搭配，意为“抓住机会”。
5. B。从语境看当时Mrs. Clarke在自己家里，make tea意为“泡茶”，符合语境。serve tea 意为“上茶”。
6. B。本题为名词词义辨析。curiosity好奇心；status 地位；determination 决心；significance 重要性。
7. A。本题考查习语anything but，意为“决不”“根本不”，即校长认为我肯定是一个失败的人。
8. 选D 清洗梳子当然要打开水龙头。“打开”用“turn on”来表示，为固定搭配，故选D。
9. 选C 考查固定搭配。be suitable for“合适于……”；be eager for“渴望……”；be responsible for“对……负责”；be ready for“为……做好准备”。由语境“my employer carries a lot on her shoulders”可知老板要负责办公室里的很多事务，故选C。
平行或对比结构
1. 观察空格前后的句式结构，前面用you would not detect…, 后面用you would see…；空格所在的句子和前一句结构相同，意思相反，而且使用的省略形式，因此只能选用otherwise 代替否定条件句。
2. 根据句型结构“either…or”可以判断空白处所填内容和前面的ready to fight为反义表达。feel open partnership表示“开放的、坦诚以对的伙伴关系”。alert警觉的；resistant抵抗的；superior优越的，均不符合题意。
3. C。设空部分与下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。
4. A。因空格处与and后面的active是平行的，所以答案为与active意思相近的alive。
5. 选C 本题可以利用表示转折关系的并列句“I felt happy that one of the boys was brave enough to stand up against his friends to help that boy, but I felt ________ that no one else had even taken a second glance.”进行解题。上文提到“I felt happy”，由转折连词but判断，下文应用happy的反义词sad与之对应，故选C。
语法线索
1. B。本题中，do you suppose为插入成分。he asked for them是一个相对独立和完整的句子，因此空格处应该用副词How来修饰谓语动词asked，而不能用代词What, Who或Which。
2. C。根据后面的I had been born in the 16th century可知这只是个假设，是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用if引导。
3. B。for引导的宾语从句中缺宾语。
4. 选D 只要她有东西吃就随便我拍摄。so long as “只要”，符合语境。
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. It was lack of money, not of effort, ______ defeated their plan.
A. which
B. as
C. that
D. what
2. The old worker insisted that he ______ old and ______ back to the working post again.
A. wasn’t; be sent
B. wasn’t; was sent
C. be not; send
D. isn’t; sent
3. Her books were all over the dining table, ______ meant we had to eat in the kitchen.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. it
4. —This is the first time I ______ my first picture with my own hands.
—It's time that you ______ a picture for me.
A. took; took
B. have taken; took
C. took; will take
D. will take; have taken
5. Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
6. ______ five minutes ______ before the last bus left, we arrived at the station.
A. There were; go
B. With; to go
C. It was; left
D. It had; left
7. We can’t have lunch at the restaurant, because ______.
A. all of us don’t have money
B. not all of us have money
C. everyone of us don’t have money
D. none of us has money
8. —What do you think of French?
—In my opinion, French is ______ English.
A. a subject so difficult as
B. as difficult a subject as
C. as a subject difficult as
D. difficult as subject as
9. We had to be patient because it ______ some time ______ we got the full results.
A. has been; since
B. had been; until
C. was; after
D. would be; before
10. Are you driving to the airport, sir? I'd appreciate ______ if you could give me a lift.
A. that
B. you
C. this
D. it
11. It struck me like lightning how difficult it must have been for a woman to get medical training so long ago when women's education was always placed ______ to men's.
A. better
B. worse
C. second
D. first
12. —What’s the matter? Y ou really look down.
—______.
—Well, better luck next time.
A. Why, I always look up to you
B. I failed an important test
C. I have a bad cold
D. Me? I never look down upon anybody
13. I would rather ______ the football match last night with my friends; otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now.
A. not have watched
B. not watch
C. hadn't watched
D. haven’t watched
14. When the bridge fell down, several cars happened ______ on it.
A. to run
B. running
C. to be running
D. that they were running
15. －Stay a bit longer; it’s been such ______ fun having you with us.
－Thanks, anyway. I've to get ______ early start tomorrow morning.
A. /; the
B. a; an
C. /; an
D. the; an
二、完形填空
“Fire! Fire！” The cry broke the still night air, and the fi re bells began to ring. Fred was awakened by the alarm and the red light __1__ into his room. He dressed himself __2__, almost, and tapped at the door of his mother’s bedroom.“It is Mr.Barton’s house, mother. Do let me go,” he said in an eager and __3__ voice. Mrs. Liscom thought for a moment. He was young, but she could __4__ him, and she knew how much his heart was in the __5__. “Yes, you may go,” she answered, “but be careful, my boy. __6__ you can help, do so; but do nothing rashly (鲁莽地).” Fred __7__ to follow her advice, and hurried to the fire.
The fire spread with __8__ speed, for there was a high wind, and it was found impossible to save the house. But Katy was in the house. There was no __9__ for words, but for instant and powerful action. The staircase was already __10__; there was but one way to reach Katy, and that full of danger. The second floor might __11__ at any moment. Fred knew he needed an arm __12__ than his own, and silently sought __13__ and guidance.
A ladder was quickly brought, and placed against the house. Fred climbed it, __14__ by the firemen, dashed through the window and found the poor child lying nearly choked with smoke. He woke her up with __15__, carried her to the window, and placed her upon the sill (窗台). She was instantly grasped by strong arms, and was __16__ along the ladder. Fred followed as fast as possible. They had __17__ reached the ground when a crash of falling woods __18__ them that they had a narrow escape.
Fred never forgot the __19__ of that night; and he came to believe, and to act upon the belief, in after years, that true manliness is in harmony with gentleness, __20__, and self-sacrifice.
1. A. reflecting B. streaming C. struggling D. rolling
2. A. constantly B. deliberately C. immediately D. formally
3. A. pleased B. frightened C. disappointed D. excited
4. A. trust B. attend C. depend D. value
5. A. question B. suggestion C. request D. order
6. A. Where B. Although C. Because D. If
7. A. refused B. pretended C. hesitated D. promised
8. A. limited B. fearful C. controlled D. harmful
9. A. time B. energy C. problem D. opportunity
10. A. under repair B. in use C. on fire D. on guard
11. A. fail B. arise C. turn D. fall
12. A. stronger B. weaker C. longer D. shorter
13. A. wound B. arm C. help D. life
14. A. surrounded B. followed C. carried D. paid
15. A. difficulty B. courage C. joy D. fear
16. A. turned out B. turned down C. carried down D. carried out
17. A. never B. hardly C. ever D. readily
18. A. told B. informed C. warned D. presented
19. A. explosion B. ladder C. loss D. experience
20. A. wealth B. kindness C. woman D. power
三、阅读理解
Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But
the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moo nshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
1. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .
A. run out of human control
B. satisfy human’s real desires
C. command armies of killer robots
D. work faster than a mathematician
2. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be
able to .
A. prevent themselves from being destroyed
B achieve their original goals independently
C. do anything successfully with given orders
D. beat humans in international chess matches
3. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .
A. help super intelligent machines work better
B. be secure against evil human beings
C. keep machines from being harmed
D. avoid robots’ affecting the world
4. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?
A. It will disappear with the development of AI.
B. It will get worse with human interference.
C. It will be solved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay for a decade.
四、七选五
Have you ever seen any students whose trousers hang so low you can see their underwear? What do you think of that? Fashionable? Some of today’s teenagers are big fans of such a look. ____1______
The headmaster of a school in central Italy has asked students to stop wearing low-rise jeans that expose underwear and parts of the body. His request came after a class trip. One day, he saw one boy’s baggy trousers slide to his feet. _____2______
But in Italy, a nation that takes fashion very seriously, the suggestion caused a debate among
parents, teachers and students. The issue is whether the headmaster's request will limit students' freedom— or whether dress in Italian schools is too casual.
_____3____ “We do not want to kick fashion out,” the headmaster explained, “but extremes (极端) of fashion like this are not right in school.” Many other schools have now requested that their students also stop wearing such trousers.
_____4____ Ludovica Gaudio, 14, wore extremely low trousers exposing orange underwear in class. It was cold, so she wore a matching orange scarf. ______5_______ “I don’t really feel comfortable in those sort of jeans,” said Sarah Lattanzi, “in winter, when dressed like that, it’s quite cold and I am afraid my stomach will ache.”
A. But recently this trend has been at the center of an argument in Italian middle schools.
B. A parents’ group praised the move in favor of good taste, while others advised s chools to stop worrying about fashion and fix up old school buildings.
C. He pointed out that this way of dressing is not suitable for school.
D. Most students have simply ignored the request.
E. Another 14-year-old said she would probably respect the request, simply for practical reasons.
F. Let us see that Italian students react differently to schools’ requests.
G. Schools should pay attention to things more important than students’ clothes.
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. C。容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句。其实，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为lack of money, not of effort。
2. A。从题意看，这位老工人“坚持认为一种观点”和“坚决要求做某件事”。因此，涉及insist的两种不同用法。“老工人认为他没有老”，其谓语用正常时态；“应该再次被派往工作岗位”，其谓语要用(should) do形式。
3. A。语意为：她的书摆满了餐桌，这就意味着我们必须在厨房吃饭了。which引导的是非限制性定语从句，代替主句所表达的整个内容。故选A项。
4. B。This is the first time后面的从句中用现在完成时；It's time后面的从句中用一般过去时。
5. C。当从句的主语和主句的主语相同时，且从句的谓语是be动词时，可以省略从句主语和be动词，本句补全应该为：Though (they were) lacking...
6. B。本题考查with的复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。本题用不定式做宾补表示将来的动作。句意：在最后一班公交车离开的前五分钟，我们到了车站。
7. D。考查部分否定与全部否定。A、B、C均为部分否定，D项为全部否定，据题意选D。
8. B。as...as表示同级比较。其中第一个as是副词，后接“adj.＋a＋n”。
9. D。在“it＋be＋一段时间＋before/after/since＋从句”句型中，before从句中的动作经过一段时间后才会实现；after从句中的动作发生后已经过去了一段时间；since从句中的动作完成后到现在已经有一段时间了。结合题意可知，答案为D。
10. D。句意：先生，你是开车去机场吗？如果你能载我一程，我将非常感激。根据语意可知，it为形式宾语，代替真正的宾语if you could give me a lift。
11. C。second to 意为“次于；亚于”。
12.B。句中look down意为“看上去很失落”，而且由better luck next time可知选B。
13.A。would rather (not)＋have done 意为“宁愿(未)做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾。
14. C。句意：那座桥坍塌时，正巧有好几辆汽车正在上面行驶。happen to do中不定式根据语境可选择不同的形式。
15. C。第一空因fun为不可数名词，所以不用冠词；第二空get an early start早早出发，固定用法。
二、完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。邻居家半夜失火，Fred不顾生命危险前去救火。面对二楼即将坍塌的危险，他借助梯子爬上二楼，救下了已经昏迷的Katy。
1. B；根据该句中的“red light”和“into his room”可知，红光照进他的房间。stream意为“照亮，使明亮”，故B项正确。A项意为“反映”；C项意为“斗争”；D项意为“滚动”。
2. C；根据上文的“Fred was awakened by the alarm”可知，Fred被火警声惊醒；据此可以判断，他立刻穿好衣服。C项意为“立即，马上”，故C项正确。A项意为“始终，一直”；B 项意为“故意，小心翼翼地”；D项意为“正式地”。
3. D；根据该句中的“eager and”可知，空处所填的形容词与eager对应，表示Fred想要救火的热切和激动。D项意为“激动的”，故D项正确。
4. A；根据下文中的“Yes, you may go”可知，他的母亲同意他去救火；据此可以判断，尽管他还小，但他的母亲信任他。A项意为“信任”，故A项正确。
5. C；根据上文中的“eager”和该句中的“how much his heart was in”以及下文中的“she answered”可知，他的母亲理解他渴望去救火的请求；C项意为“请求”，符合语境，故C项正确。
6. D；根据语境可知，此处表示“如果你能帮助救火”。空处引导条件状语从句。
7. D；根据该句中的“follow her advice”可知，Fred承诺听从她的建议。D项意为“承诺，保证”，故D项正确。
8. B；根据该句中的“for there was a high wind”可推知，由于风太大，火势以惊人的速度蔓延。B项意为“吓人的，可怕的”，故B项正确。A项意为“有限的”；C项意为“控制的”；D项意为“有害的”。
9. A；根据该句中的“for instant and powerful action”可知，他们没有时间讲话，只有立即采取行动。A项意为“时间”，故A项正确。
10. C；根据该句中的“The staircase was already”并结合上文火势快速蔓延的描述可以判断，楼梯已经着火了。C项意为“着火”，故C项正确。A项意为“在维修中”；B项意为“在使用中”；D项意为“执勤”。
11. D；根据上文对火势的描述及“The staircase was already”可知，形势很危险，二楼可能会随时坍塌。D项意为“跌落，倒塌”，故D项正确。
12. A；根据上文可知，二楼可能随时坍塌；据此可以判断，Fred知道他需要比自己的臂
力更强大的力量。A项意为“更强壮的”，故A项正确。
13 C；根据该句中的“and guidance”可知，空处和名词guidance对应，表示Fred默默地寻求帮助和指导。C项意为“帮助”，故C项正确。
14. B；根据该句中的“by the firemen”可知，Fred爬上梯子，后面跟着消防员。
15. A；根据上文中的“the poor child lying nearly choked with smoke”可知，Katy被烟呛倒在地上；据此可以判断，Fred费了很大劲才将她弄醒。
16. C；根据该句中的“along the ladder”可知，她被人抱下去了。C项意为“抱下”，故C 项正确。A项意为“结果是，证明是”；B项意为“拒绝”；D项意为“实施，执行”。
17. B；根据该句中的“when a crash of falling woods”并结合该句结构可知，该句使用了“hardly ...when”结构，表示“一……就……”。
18. A；根据语境可知，坍塌的木头显示他们死里逃生。A项意为“显示，告诉”，故A项正确。B项意为“通知”；C项意为“警告”；D项意为“呈现”。
19. D；此处表示Fred绝不会忘记那天晚上的经历。D项意为“经历”，故D项正确。A 项意为“爆炸”；B项意为“梯子”；C项意为“失去”。
20. B；根据该句中的“with gentleness”和“and self-sacrifice”可知，空处与gentleness对应，表示Fred和他人在救火过程中体现出来的精神。B项意为“善良”，符合语境，故B项正确。
三、阅读理解
1. A 根据第一段The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) many become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want可知人工智能可能会超出人的控制，故选A。
2. A 根据第二段it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead.可知原因是机器能够独立获取原始目标。
3. D 根据第三段using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.可知不要让他们影响现实世界，故选D。
4. C 根据最后一段Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. 可知作者认为可以解决但是很困难，选C。
四、七选五
1. A。本空承接上文而来，上文提出一个问题：对“low trousers”的看法。并且很多青少年喜欢这样穿，如果不起“波澜”的话，这个问题就不会引起下文了，因此接一句：但是这个问题最近成为争论的焦点。
2. C。本空依然承接上文。本段落的叙述主语分别为the headmaster, his request, he，空白句继续讲“校长……”。
3. B。本句为段首句。后文校长解释了该项措施，其他一些学校也采取了类似措施。按照常理，应该是引起了争议，需要解释。
4. D。本句也是段首句。下一句提到一个14岁的孩子不顾规定，依旧穿很短的裤子。那么上句为D时上下文承接最流畅。
5. E。本空后的句子则展示了相反的例子，另一个人表达了对这种举措的支持。E项Another 14-year-old....和下文承接顺畅且逻辑清晰。
高中英语语法最重要知识汇总
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
人教版2020高考英语一轮复习完形填空+语法填空练习(1)(含解析)
2019高考英语一轮完形填空+语法填空练习（1） 李仕才 第一部分：完形填空 A We have all heard of giant pandas, and know that they are endangered. When one has babies, it makes national news __1__， and pictures of their babies are __2__ circulated. But it now seems that the giant panda is not __3__ of itself. The lovely animals have __4__ a classic test of self-awareness. They cannot __5__ themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recognition test to __6__ whether children or animals have a __7__ of self-awareness. In the test, an animal is presented __8__ a mirror. Researchers then watch to see __9__ it notices a mark on its face, which is only __10__ in the mirror. If the animal notices the mark, it often __11__ it. Human children often pass the test when they are only two years old. Many other animals have passed the mirror test, including monkeys, Asian elephants and even pigeons. But when researchers tested pandas, __12__ of them did the same thing as those animals did. __13__， each panda behaved as if their __14__ in the mirror was another panda altogether. They acted as if they were __15__ by what they saw in the mirror, scratching their feet and walking __16__. The __17__ of this research will help design better areas for animals in captivity (圈养). For example, one-directional glass sometimes used in the areas may __18__ pandas to feel stressed when they see their own image in the __19__. That's because they might believe it to be another panda, __20__ themselves. 1．A.papers B．covers C．headlines D．pages 2．A.widely B．popularly C．especially D．completely 3．A.shy B．fond C．conscious D．confident 4．A.failed B．ignored C．faced D．conducted 5．A.observe B．discover C．recognize D．understand 6．A.believe in B．find out
高考英语完形填空语法填空专项练习附答案解析 (2)
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(完整版)高中英语语法知识思维导图
什么是语法？ +表语 +宾语 +间接宾语+直接宾语 +宾语+宾语补足语 to/-ing s not
一般现在时vs.一般过去时
一般将来时 将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的 动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经 常或者重复发生的动作，常与表示 将来的时间副词连用，例如：soon, next week, this afternoon, tomorrow We will graduate next year. 我们明年毕业。
进行时(1) (V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing)?
进行时(2)
完成时(1) Part1 完成时的句型构成 1-1 陈述句型：S+has/have+过去分词(p.p.) I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业) 1-2 否定句型：S+has/have+not+过去分词(p.p.) Sandy has been a nurse in this hospital for 15 years.(珊蒂已经在这家医院担任护士长达15年了。) 1-3 疑问句型：Has/Have+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Have you ever seen Peter in past 3 months?(过去3个月内，你看见过彼吗？) 2-1 陈述句型：S+had+过去分词(p.p.) This proposal had been deliverde by Eva before Aaron finished it. (这个计划在艾伦完成以前，伊娃就已经提交出去了) 2-2 否定句型：S+had+not+过去分词(p.p.) I had not finished my work when he visited me last week.(上周他来拜访我以前，我还没有完成工作。) 2-3 疑问句型：Had+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Had you ever been to a blind date before you married?(你结婚以前曾经参加相亲吗？) 3-1 陈述句型：S+shall/will+have+过去分词(p.p.) They wll have finished the meeting by now. (他们现在应该已经开完会了) 3-2 否定句型：S+shall/will+have+not+过去分词(p.p.) We will have not made 10 apple pies by the end of today.(我们在今天结束之前不能做完10个苹果派。) 3-3 疑问句型： Shall/Will+ s+have+过去分词(p.p.)? Will they have already left by the time we get there?(我们到的时候，他们会不会已经离开了？ )
高中英语语法知识点总结
高中英语语法知识点总结 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1、The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains、 A、 which was B、 it was C、 which were D、 them were 【陷阱】 容易误选A或B，将 A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】 最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops、 A、 which is B、 it is
C、 which are D、 them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are 2、 A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A、 that B、 which C、 where D、 what
人教版高中英语【必修二】[语法讲解
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