语法复习四定语从句
语法复习四：定语从句
（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导
1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2、关系副词：when, where, why
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）
The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）
3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。
e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
1、that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第
一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
2）用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词+ 关系代词。
e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
3）as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend’s.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。
e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.
2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流
利。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.
4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+ which”来代替。
e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
练习、定语从句
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：
1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.
2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.
3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.
4. The students will not pass the exam . They don’t study hard.
5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.
6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.
7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.
8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.
9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.
10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.
11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.
12. That’s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.
13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.
14. I want to talk to the bo ys. Their homework haven’t been handed in.
15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.
16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.
17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.
18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.
19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.
20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.
二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:
1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.
2. The pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.
3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.
5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.
6. The stories about the Long March, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.
三、选择填空：
1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. when
2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
A. whose
B. who
C. whom
D. which
3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. as
4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. who
5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. as
6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.
A. whom
B. which
C. who
D. when
7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning?
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. who
8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?
A. who
B. /
C. that
D. when
9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker.
A. who
B. whom
C. to whom
D. to who
10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.
A. with whom
B. when
C. to whom
D. which
11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him
B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to
D. who the nurse is talking
12. The man ____ around our school is from America.
A. which you showed
B. you showed him
C. you showed
D. where you showed
13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.
A. of whom
B. from whom
C. about that
D. who
14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.
A. where
B. who
C. in which
D. which
15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you?
A. that
B. whom
C. when
D. whose
16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. that
B. which
C. whatever
D. all
17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A. most of them
B. most of that
C. most of whom
D. most of those
18. This is the very letter ____came last night.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. as
19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I.
A. whoever
B. whomever
C. anyone
D. the one
20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.
A. where
B. /
C. when
D. what
21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. on which
22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.
A. which
B. in which
C. that
D. /
23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.
A. that, what
B. what, that
C. which, what
D. that, which
24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?
A. that
B. which
C. its
D. whose
25. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. whom
B. who
C. to whom
D. form whom
26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago?
A. the one
B. which
C. that
D. where
27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?
A. the one
B. where
C. in which
D. /
28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?
A. whose
B. who
C. whom
D. which
29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.
A. it
B. which
C. that
D. he
30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.
A. when there were
B. which there were
C. that there were
D. where there were
31. I live in the house ____ windows face south.
A. which
B. whose
C. where
D. in that
32. ---- What game is popular with them? ---- The ____ most is tennis.
A. game they like it
B. game they like
C. best game they like
D. best game they like it
33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.
A. which
B. which time
C. during which time
D. during which
34. The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
35. Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.
A. when
B. that
C. at which
D. where
36. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published ne xt month.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. when
37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.
A. which
B. as
C. that
D. it
38. ____ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.
A. What
B. As
C. That
D. Which
39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.
A. whose
B. that
C. whom
D. who
40. I have bought two pens, ____ write well.
A. none of which
B. neither of which
C. both of which
D. all of which
41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?
A. why
B. which
C. for that
D. of which
42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
A. which
B. what
C. it
D. that
43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.
A. following
B. followed
C. to follow
D. that followed
44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.
A. It
B. Which
C. As
D. That
45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.
A. that was what
B. what was that
C. and which was
D. which was what
46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.
A. when
B. as
C. whose
D. what
47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.
A. when
B. as
C. whose
D. what
48. He is absent ____ is often the case.
A. what
B. which
C. who
D. as
49. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. when
50. Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.
A. who
B. that
C. whom
D. which
51. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.
A. that, which
B. when, which
C. which, that
D. when, who
52. This is the only book ____ I can find.
A. that
B. which
C. it
D. with which
53. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way
B. the way in that
C. the way which
D. the way of which
54. That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
56. There was ____ to prevent the accident.
A. something could do
B. anything we could do
C. nothing we couldn’t do
D. nothing we could do
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英语语法讲解之定语从句 时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用)： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children，two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.) We have three books，none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
定语从句语法知识点基本汇总
定语从句 一、that引导的定语从句 1. that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man(that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that/which comes after spring is summer.春天之后的季节是夏季。 I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress(that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.安买的衣服不太合身。 2.限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况 （1）当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, some, the one等词时。 Everything that he said was true. 他所说的一切都是真的。 There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 有我能为你效劳的事吗？ That’s all that I know. 我知道的就这么多。 （2）当先行词被the very（恰恰,正好）the only, any, few, little, no, all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. 这正是我要买的语法书。 The only thing that is constant is change. 唯一不变的是变化。 There was little that we could do to help her. 我们没有什么能帮助她的。 （3）当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution.这是曾经用过的最好的抗污染的办法。This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 （4）当先行词是first，last，next等序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 What is the first American film that you have seen? 你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？（5）当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? 有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的
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定语从句语法总结
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定语从句语法讲解教学内容.docx
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必考英语语法——限定性定语从句
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Teaching plan for unit 4 Teaching aims and demands: 1. Topic: Basic knowledge of earthquakes; how to protect oneself and help the others in disasters 2. Useful words and expressions: earthquake, quake, right away, well (n.) , million , event , pipe, burst, as if, at an end , nation , canal, steam, dirt, ruin, in ruins , suffering, extreme, injure, destroy, brick, dam, track, useless, steel, shock, rescue, trap, electricity, disaster, dig out, bury, mine, miner, shelter, a (great ) number of , title, reporter, bar, damage, frighten, frightened, frightening, congratulation, judge, sincerely, express, outline, headline, cyclist 3. Functions: ] Talking about past experiences: I will never forget the day when the earthquake took place. The time was 5:15 in the afternoon and I was driving along the road. Sequence 4. Grammar: The attributive clause (I) 由that, which, who, whose引导的定语从句 The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. It was heard in Beijing which is one hundred kilometers away. ` Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Teaching procedures: Period 1. Step 1. Warming up Ss discuss and answer some questions: % 1. Which of the following may cause people the greatest damage A. earthquake B. typhoon C. flood D. drought 2. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. You have time to take only one thing. What will you take Why Step 2. Pre-reading Ss discuss and answer:
高中英语必修一语法讲解 定语从句(1)
定语从句（1） 概念引入： She is the girl who sings best of all. 她是所有人中唱得最好的。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。 Give me the book whose cover is green. 把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。 定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。 语法点拨【高清课堂：定语从句一P1】， 定语从句的定义 Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？ The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good. 他前天买的那本书很棒。 He is the man whom we should learn from. 他就是我们应该学习的人。 Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。 其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：上面例子中的关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football. （who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语） There is still much homework which we must finish. （which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语） 关系代词引导的定语从句 I. who和whom 1. who和whom代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用who引导，作宾语时用whom引导。The girl who is singing is my best friend. 正在唱歌的女孩是我最好的朋友。 （who代替先行词the girl在从句中作主语） His friend who works as a doctor is very interesting. 他那当医生的朋友很有趣。
高中英语语法定语从句
第 11 章定语从句 第 11 章 ...................................... 1．先行词和关系词 ................................. 2．定语从句的种类 ................................. 3．关系代词如何引导定语从句 ....................... 4．各种关系代词的使用方法 ......................... 5．关系代词与介词·关系代词的省略 ................. 6．非限定性定语从句中的关系代词 ................... 7．关系副词的定义与用法 ........................... 8． as 引导的定语从句 .............................. 9．定语从句中需注意事项 ........................... 10．定语从句和同位语从句的区别 .................... 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、副词、不定式、介 词短语等来担任，如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语 从句，因为主要由形容词担任定语，所以也可以称它为形容词性从句。 定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，还能修饰整个主句或主句的一部分。 第一个来的人是迈克。 你给我的毛巾不干净。 我父亲每天做早操，这点对他的身体有好处。 这就是我去年住过的房子。 1 先行词和关系词 （关系代词和关系副词的定义与作用） 1 定语从句的构成 （爱冒险的青年人） 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系 词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。定语从句都在它所修饰的先行 词的后面（后置）。（这一点和汉语不同，汉语中的定语都放在被修饰 的名词或代词的前面。） 2 关系词的作用 两个简单句 Thank you for the record.+You gave me the record. 主从复合句 谢谢你给我的录音机。 Thank you for the record that/which you gave me the record.… (× ) Thank you for the record that/which you gave it to me.… (× ) 关系代词起着代词和连词的作用。关系副词起着副词或介词短语和 连词的作用。 在从句中它们既代替前面的先行词在句子里担任一定的成分，又把 两个句子连接起来构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。请看上面例句。说明 关系代词 that/which 紧跟在先行词 record 的后面引导定语从句。 关系代词 that/which 在从句中既代替先行词 record 在句子里担任宾语，（该定语从句原应为 You gave me the record.）又起着连词的作用把两