国际翻译学类期刊目录介绍

国际翻译学类期刊目录介绍
国际翻译学类期刊目录介绍

一、翻译资格证书考试

人事部翻译资格证书

全国外语四级翻译证书考试办公室https://www.360docs.net/doc/b15904872.html,/wyfyzs/index.jsp

上海市翻译资格证书

福建厦门大学翻译资格证书

二、国际翻译学类期刊简介

1. Across languages and cultures

A multidisciplinary journal for translation and interpreting studies

"Across Languages and Cultures publishes original articles and reviews on all sub-disciplines of Translation and Interpreting (T/I) Studies: general T/I theory, descriptive T/I studies and applied T/I studies. Special emphasis is laid on the

questions of multilingualism, language policy and translation policy. Publications on new research methods and models are encouraged. Publishes book reviews, news, announcements and advertisements.”

2. Alta newsletter

American literary translators association 《美国文学翻译家协会新闻通讯》

3. Babel: International journal of translatio n

季刊- published by the International Federation of Translators with the assistance of UNESCO.

Babel is a scholarly journal designed primarily for translators and interpreters, yet of interest also for the nonspecialist concerned with current issues and events in the field of translation.

Babel includes articles on translation theory and practice, as well as discussions of the legal, financial and social aspects of

the translator’s profession; it reports on new methods of translating, such as machine-aided translation, the use of computerized dictionaries or word banks; it also focuses on schools, special courses, degrees, and prizes for translators. An established publication, Babel will appeal to all those who make translation their business.

Contributions are written in French and English and occasionally in German, Italian and Russian.

Babel is published for the Federation of Translators (FIT).

This journal is peer reviewed and indexed in: IBR/IBZ, INIST, Linguistic Bibliography/Bibliographie Linguistique, LLBA, MLA Bibliography, European Reference Index for the Humanities.

An international journal on translation, BABEL is published 4 times a year. Authors can submit their paper in

electronic format to RenéHaeseryn, Director of publication: babel@https://www.360docs.net/doc/b15904872.html,.

4. Equivalences

5. In other words :Journal of the Translator s association

The journal of the Translators Association, produced in collaboration with the British Centre for Literary Translation at the University of East Anglia.

Contains articles on the art of translation and on translating particular authors and texts together with reviews of newly published translations.

Bi-annual. Annual subscription: £12 individuals; £25 institutions.

The Translators Association

The Society of Authors

84 Drayton Gardens

London SW10 9SB

Telephone: +44 (0)20 7373 6642

E-mail: info@https://www.360docs.net/doc/b15904872.html,

6. Languages in contrast

International journal for contrastive linguis tics

Languages in Contrast aims to publish contrastive studies of two or more languages. Any aspect of language may be covered, including vocabulary, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, text and discourse, stylistics, sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics. Languages in Contrast welcomes interdisciplinary studies, particularly those that make links between contrastive linguistics and translation, lexicography, computational linguistics, language teaching, literary and linguistic computing, literary studies and cultural studies. Languages in Contrast provides a home for contrastive linguistics. It enables advocates of different theoretical linguistic

frameworks topublish in a single publication to the benefit of all involved in contrastive research.

Languages in Contrast provides a forum to explore the theoretical status of the field; stimulates research into a wide range of languages; and helps to give the field of contrastive linguistics a distinct identity. This journal is peer reviewed and indexed in: IBR/IBZ, INIST, Linguistic Bibliography/Bibliographie Linguistique, LLBA, European Reference Index for the Humanities

Languages in Contrast (Spr?k i kontrast: SPRIK) is a cross-disciplinary and cross-institutional research project focusing on corpus-based contrastive language studies (Norwegian, English, French, German), especially information structure at different levels. The SPRIK project has the over-arching strategic aim of enhancing linguistic research in Norway

within contrastive linguistics, stylistics, and semantics/pragmatics, as well as linguistically oriented translation studies. Central to the project is research on the Oslo Multilingual Corpus(OMC). Such parallell corpora represent an invaluable source of insight into the interplay of various factors that determine information structure in a language while also shedding light on the cross-linguistic variation in the structuring of sentences and text. Through contrastive studies of authentic language in context, the project aims to provide new insights, methodological renewal and empirically based theory development. Insights gained from the research project will also be relevant to applied fields such as translation and foreign language teaching.

SPRIK comprises three sub-projects focusing on different aspects of information structuring. Syntactic devices

are central to Subproject 1, while the other two focus on lexcial and textual resources. Subproject 1:

Syntactic resources for information structuring: presentatives, topicalization, passivization, clefting

Subproject 2:

The interplay of explicit and implicit information

Subproject 3:

Conditions for perspectivization in text SPRIK is funded by the Norwegian Research Council. The project continues a previous project supported by the Norwegian Research Council and the Faculty of Arts at the University of Oslo.

7. Machine translation

Description

Machine Translation covers all branches of computational linguistics and language engineering, wherever they incorporate a

multilingual aspect. It features papers that cover the theoretical, descriptive or computational aspects of any of the following topics:

machine translation and machine-aided translation

human translation theory and practice

multilingual text composition and generation

multilingual information retrieval

multilingual natural language interfaces

multilingual dialogue systems

multilingual message understanding systems

corpus-based and statistical language modeling

connectionist approaches to translation

compilation and use of bi- and multilingual corpora

discourse phenomena and their treatment in (human or machine) translation

knowledge engineering

contrastive linguistics

morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics

computer-aided language instruction and learning

software localization and internationalization

speech processing, especially for speech translation

phonetics, phonology

computational implications of non-Roman character sets

multilingual word-processing

the multilingual information society (sociological and legal as well as linguistic aspects)

minority languages

history of machine translation

8. Meta: Translators' Journal

9. MT news international

Newsletter of the International Association for Machine Translation

10, Perspectives: studies in translatology 丹麦著名学术刊物《视角:翻译学研究》(Perspectives:Studies in Translatology):该英语季刊创刊于1993年,由丹麦哥本哈根大学英文系和翻译研究中心主办,国际著名翻译学者Cay Dollerup担任主编。自2002年起该刊改由哥本哈根大学英文系和清华大学外语系合办。作为国际翻译界颇有影响的学术刊物之一,该刊为国际权威检索系统A & HCI(艺术与人文科学论文索引)确定的极少数翻译研究源刊,其论文收录率达到80%以上。该刊物的特点是观点新、视角新、跨文化和跨学科,力图从不同角度揭示翻译学的性质和任务。

11. Target: International journal of translati on studies

This is edited by GIDEON TOURY and JOSéLAMBERT and published by John Benjamins (Amsterdam).

Target promotes the scholarly study of translational phenomena from a thoroughly interdisciplinary and international point of view. Rather than reducing research on translation to the practical questions asked by translators, their committers or their audience, the aim is to examine the role of translation in communication in general, with emphasis on cultural situations and theoretical, methodological and didactic matters. Attention is given to the relationship between translation and the societal organisation of communication.

Target provides a forum for innovative approaches to translation. It publishes

original studies of theoretical, methodological and descriptive-explanatory nature into translation problems and corpora, reflecting various socio-cultural approaches. The extensive review section discusses the most important publications in the field in order to reflect the evolution of the discipline.

12. Traduire Revue franaise de traduction : information linguistique et culturelle 13. Translation and literature Translation and Literature 'has long been indispensable. It is a large intelligence flitting among the languages, to connect and to sustain. The issues are becoming archival; the substantial articles, notes, documents and reviews practise an up-to-the-minute criticism on texts ancient and modern.' - Times Literary Supplement

Translation and Literature is an interdisciplinary scholarly journal focusing on English Literature in its foreign relations. Recent articles and notes include: Surrey and Marot, Livy and Jacobean drama, Virgil in Paradise Lost, Pope's Horace, Fielding on translation, Browning's Agamemnon, and Brecht in English. It embraces responses to all other literatures in the work of English writers, including reception of classical texts; historical and contemporary translation of works in modern languages; history and theory of literary translation, adaptation, and imitation. Translation and Literature is indexed in Arts and Humanities bibliographies and bibliographical databases including the Modern Language Association of America International Bibiography Winner of three successive British Academy Learned Journals Awards, 1993-96

Free Sample Issue: V olume 15, Part 1, Spring 2006

Edinburgh University Press

Print ISSN 0968-1361.

Electronic ISSN 1750-0214.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b15904872.html,/demo/translation_and_ literature/tal.html

14. Translation review University of Texa s at Dallas

Started in 1978, Translation Review is published two times a year. The Review is unique in the English-speaking world. While many literary journals publish translations of the works of international authors in English translation, Translation Review focuses on the theoretical and critical aspects of transplanting a literary text from one culture into another. The pages of Translation Review present in-depth interviews with translators; articles that deal with the evaluation of

existing translations; profiles on small, commercial, and university publishers of foreign literature in translation; comparative studies of multiple translations into English of the same work; investigations of methodologies to develop translation workshops and courses in literary translations; and information concerning ongoing research in translation studies in the United States and abroad. Through Translation Review, translators have a forum to talk about the reconstruction of the translation process to give readers a sense of the tremendous difficulties involved in transplanting a text from a foreign culture into English. Thus, the practice of translation can also be considered an important methodological tool to initiate and promote interdisciplinary thinking. Translation Review serves as a major critical and scholarly journal to facilitate cross-cultural

communication through the refined art and craft of literary translations.

Translators and scholars who are interested in contributing to Translation Review should contact the editor, Rainer Schulte. We are looking for articles and essays that deal with the reconstruction of the translation process. We are particularly interested in thoughtful reviews of significant new translations into English. Furthermore, we would like to expand studies that deal with the anthropological and cultural aspects of translation. Articles focusing on the practical implications of translation for the teaching of literature and the humanities are of particular interest to the editors.

15. The Translator: studies in intercultural communication

The Translator is a refereed international journal that publishes articles on a variety

of issues related to translation and interpreting as acts of intercultural communication. It aims to provide a meeting point for existing as well as future approaches and to stimulate interaction between various groups who share a common concern for translation as a profession and translation studies as a discipline. The Translator puts equal emphasis on rigour and readability and is not restricted in scope to any particular school of thought or academic group. Editor: -Baker, Mona(The University of Manchester)

16.The Interpreter and Translator Trainer Editor: -Kelly, Dorothy(Universidad de Granada)

-Editor: -Way, Catherine (Universidad de Granada)

PUBLISHER: -St. Jerome (Manchester) START/END YEAR: -2007 - Present

PUB TYPE: -Journal/Periodical/Series (Peer reviewed, 2 item(s) per year) ISSN: 1750-3991.1.1

SUBJECT(S): -translator training, interpreter training

DISCIPLINE: -Languages

LC NUMBER: -None

HTTP:

-http://217.199.184.112/page.php?id=454 &doctype=Periodicals§ion=1&msg=Perio dicals&finds=0&string= LANGUAGE: -English

EDITORIAL STATEMENT:

Increasing demand for professionals for the languages services industry and other areas of intercultural communication and the concomitant proliferation of training programmes have given rise to widespread concern for and reflection on how translator and interpreter education and training can best be conceived and the necessary skills and knowledge to be

acquired. This is the first journal in the field of translation studies to devote its attention entirely to research in education and training.

ITT is a refereed international journal that seeks to address issues relating to the education and training of professional translators and interpreters, and of those working in other forms of interlingual and intercultural mediation. ITT aims to provide a specialized forum for trainers, educators, researchers and professionals sharing an interest in the training of translators and/or interpreters from diverse theoretical and applied approaches, encouraging critical reflection on the many issues involved, including: curricular design; syllabus design; translator/translation competence(s); teaching and learning approaches, methods and techniques; teaching and learning resources; assessment and accreditation,

国际经济学作业复习资料第七章

Chapter 7 International Factor Movements Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework? (a) International trade in goods (b) International conflict resolution (c) International trade in services (d) International trade in factors of production (e) International borrowing and lending Answer: B 2. The slope of the production function measures (a) the physical increase in output as country grows. (b) the dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c) the increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d) the marginal product of labor. (e) the marginal product of capital. Answer: D 3. International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a) increase total world output. (b) improve the economic welfare of everyone. (c) improve the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d) improve the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e) None of the above. Answer: E 4. If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a) workers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b) workers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c) workers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country. (d) workers in the capital abundant country would wish to migrate to the labor abundant country. (e) workers in the capital abundant country would migrate to the labor abundant country. Answer: C

国际经济学双语习题

International Economics, 8e (Krugman) Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 What Is International Economics About? 1) Historians of economic thought often describe ________ written by ________ and published in ________ as the first real exposition of an economic model. A) "Of the Balance of Trade," David Hume, 1776 B) "Wealth of Nations," David Hume, 1758 C) "Wealth of Nations," Adam Smith, 1758 D) "Wealth of Nations," Adam Smith, 1776 E) "Of the Balance of Trade," David Hume, 1758 Answer: E Question Status: Previous Edition 2) From 1959 to 2004, A) the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size. B) U.S. imports roughly tripled in size. C) the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size. D) U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports. E) U.S. exports roughly tripled in size. Answer: C Question Status: Previous Edition 3) The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because A) the United States is a relatively large country. B) the United States is a "Superpower." C) the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. D) the United States invests in many other countries. E) many countries invest in the United States. Answer: A Question Status: Previous Edition 4) Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are A) not relevant to current policy analysis. B) are only of moderate relevance in today's modern international economy. C) are highly relevant in today's modern international economy. D) are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy. E) are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists. Answer: C Question Status: Previous Edition 5) An important insight of international trade theory is that when countries exchange goods and services one with the other it A) is always beneficial to both countries. B) is usually beneficial to both countries. C) is typically beneficial only to the low wage trade partner country. D) is typically harmful to the technologically lagging country. E) tends to create unemployment in both countries. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition

《自动化专业英语》中英文翻译-中文部分

第二部分 控制理论 第1章 1.1控制系统的引入 人类控制自然力量的设计促进人类历史的发展,我们已经广泛的能利用这种量进行在人类本身力量之外的物理进程?在充满活力的20世纪中,控制系统工程的发展已经使得很多梦想成为了现实?控制系统工程队我们取得的成就贡献巨大?回首过去,控制系统工程主要的贡献在机器人,航天驾驶系统包括成功的实现航天器的软着陆,航空飞机自动驾驶与自动控制,船舶与潜水艇控制系统,水翼船?气垫船?高速铁路自动控制系统,现代铁路控制系统? 以上这些类型的控制控制系统和日常生活联系紧密,控制系统是一系列相关的原件在系统运行的基础上相互关联的构成的,此外控制系统存在无人状态下的运行,如飞机自控驾驶,汽车的巡航控制系统?对于控制系统,特别是工业控制系统,我们通常面对的是一系列的器件,自动控制是一个复合型的学科?控制工程师的工作需要具有力学,电子学,机械电子,流体力学,结构学,无料的各方面的知识?计算机在控制策略的执行中具有广泛的应用,并且控制工程的需求带动了信息技术的与软件工程的发展? 通常控制系统的范畴包括开环控制系统与闭环控制系统,两种系统的区别在于是否在系统中加入了闭环反馈装置? 开环控制系统 开环控制系统控制硬件形式很简单,图2.1描述了一个单容液位控制系统, 图2.1单容液位控制系统 我们的控制目标是保持容器的液位h 在水流出流量V 1变化的情况下保持在一定 可接受的范围内,可以通过调节入口流量V 2实现?这个系统不是精确的系统,本系 统无法精确地检测输出流量V 2,输入流量V 1以及容器液位高度?图2.2描述了这 个系统存在的输入(期望的液位)与输出(实际液位)之间的简单关系, 图2.2液位控制系统框图 这种信号流之间的物理关系的描述称为框图?箭头用来描述输入进入系统,以及

国际经济学作业答案第七章.docx

Ch a p t e r 7I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c t o r Mo v e me n t s Multiple Choice Questions 1.Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework? (a)International trade in goods (b)International conflict resolution (c)International trade in services (d)International trade in factors of production (e)International borrowing and lending Answer: B 2.The slope of the production function measures (a)the physical increase in output as country grows. (b)the dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c)the increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d)the marginal product of labor. (e)the marginal product of capital. Answer: D 3.International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a)increase total world output. (b)improve the economic welfare of everyone. (c)improve the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d)improve the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e)None of the above. Answer: E 4.If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a)workers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b)workers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c)workers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country. (d)workers in the capital abundant country would wish to migrate to the labor abundant country. (e)workers in the capital abundant country would migrate to the labor abundant country. Answer: C

翻译理论简答题

《实用翻译教程》习题库 简答题 第一章导论 1.翻译课的目的是什么? 2.决定翻译质量的因素有那些? 3.翻译课的性质是什么? 4.为什么学习翻译理论? 5.实用翻译理论主要解决那些问题? Keys: 1.翻译课的目的就是培养和提高学生的实际翻译能力,也就是把原语所表达的信息材料,用译语重新表达出来,并达到较高的翻译质量。 2.外语水平.汉语水平.知识水平.工作态度 3.翻译是技巧有时科学,进行翻译教学应该是有理论,又有实践,二者紧密结合。 也就是又讲理论,掌握翻译规律;又作大量练习,获得技能技巧。 4.翻译理论就是研究和探讨翻译固有的内在规律,发现翻译过程中经常出现的问题, 并寻求解决途径。翻译理论就是帮助翻译工作者了解翻译规律,解决翻译过程中 遇到的各种困哪问题。翻译理论的可贵在于它的实践性,在于用来指导翻译实践, 提高翻译质量。为提高翻译水平而学习,这就是学习翻译理论的目的。 5.性质问题.标准问题.翻译过程中遇到大的各种实际问题,分析这些问题产生的原因 并提出解决办法,以提高翻译质量。 第二章什么是翻译 6.人们交流思想有哪几种情况? 7.解释语内交流.语际交流? 8.翻译的目的和功能是什么? 9.翻译的定义? Keys: 6.语内交流.语际交流.信息传播 7.语内交流是指在同一语言内部进行的交流。语际交流是指操不同语言的人.通 过翻译进行的思想交流。 8.翻译是思想交流的桥梁(使不懂原语的人,能通过译文而懂得体现在原文信息中 作者的思想.意图.观点和所不懂的思想感情)和接力(使原文信息能传播的更远, 能传播到更多的人那里)这就是翻译是翻译的目的和功能。

9.翻译是人类交流思想过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁,使通晓不同语言的人能通过原 文的重新表达而进行思想交流。翻译是把一种语言(即原语)的信息用另一种语 言(即译语)表达出来,使译文读者能得到原文作者所表达的思想,得到语原文 读者大致相同的感受。 第三章翻译的性质 10.写作的特点是什么? 11.翻译的特点是什么? 12.翻译过程中的困难有那些? 13.翻译的两大通病是什么? Keys: 10.写作的特点可以概括为“心中有数,自己决定”。包括:写什么.给谁看.用词结构和表现手法. 11.1人云亦云.2不容更改.3先理解,后动笔.4克服原语的干扰 12.1理解的困难.2读者不同.3.两种语言表达方式不同.4材料步熟悉 13.翻译症和马虎翻译 第四章翻译与对等 14.对等有那些形式? 15.为什么说翻译实际上就是对等问题? 16.什么是灵活对等? 17.什么是意义对等? 18.什么是风格对等? 19.为什么有相当一部分的人翻译时坚持形式忠实的? Keys: 14. 1.词的对等 2.短语句子的对等 3.形式对等 4.灵活对等 5.意义对等 6.风格对等 15.对等就是指不同语言对同一事物的描述。翻译是将SL表达的事物用TL重新表 达一遍,这实际上是用两种语言SL与TL表达同一事物,这两种语言对同一事 物的表达就是对等。因此,翻译实际上就是对等问题。 16.灵活对等就是翻译时考虑的不是词的对等,而着眼于句子甚至段落的对等。在形 式和意义不能兼顾的情况下,主要考虑意义,不受原文形式的束缚和影响,把原 作的意思灵活的表达出来。 17.只要求思想内容与原文一致,在意义上没有增删更改的现象,叫做意义对等。 18.风格对等指翻译时光是意思相同还不够,还有尽量保持原作风格。 19.1.形式忠实有时也能起到表达原意的作用,而不去考虑在更多情况下不能表达原

电气工程及其自动化专业_外文文献_英文文献_外文翻译_plc方面

1、 外文原文 A: Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer Th e si ng le -c hi p m ic ro co mp ut er i s t he c ul mi na ti on of both t h e de ve lo pm en t o f t he d ig it al co m pu te r an d th e i n te gr at ed c i rc ui t a rg ua bl y t h e to w m os t s ig ni f ic an t i nv en ti on s o f t he 20th c e nt ur y [1]. Th es e t ow ty pe s of ar ch it ec tu re a re fo un d i n s in g le -ch i p m i cr oc om pu te r. So m e em pl oy t he spl i t pr og ra m/da ta m e mo ry o f th e H a rv ar d ar ch it ect u re , sh ow n in Fi g.3-5A -1, o th ers fo ll ow t he p h il os op hy , wi del y a da pt ed f or ge n er al -p ur po se co m pu te rs a nd m i cr op ro ce ss o r s, o f ma ki ng n o log i ca l di st in ct ion be tw ee n p r og ra m an d d at a m e mo ry a s i n t he P r in ce to n ar ch ite c tu re , sh ow n i n F ig.3-5A-2. In g en er al te r ms a s in gl e -chi p m ic ro co mp ut er i s c h ar ac te ri ze d b y t h e i nc or po ra ti on o f a ll t he un it s of a co mp uter i n to a s in gl e d ev i ce , as s ho wn in Fi g3-5A -3. Fig.3-5A-1 A Harvard type Program memory Data memory CPU Input& Output unit memory CPU Input& Output unit

中南财大国际经济学双语期末试卷

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可分割的统一中所业已表达出来的东西准确而完全地表达出来。(费道罗夫,1953)● According to Catford transl ation is “ the replacement of textual material in one language SL by equivalent textual material in another language TL”. (翻译的定义也许可以这样说:把一种语言(SL)中的篇章材料用另一种语言(TL)中的篇章材料来加以代替。)(卡特福德,1965)● ●翻译是把一种语言的言语产物在保持内容方面(也就是意义)不变的情况下改变为另外一种语言的言语产物的过程。(巴尔胡达罗夫,1985中文版)● According to Newmark translation is “ a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language”2001a:7.美国现代翻译家、语言学会主席尤金奈达(EugeneA Nida)1969年所下的定义:Nida in sists “… translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style” Nida1969: 53。(翻译就是在译入语中再现与原语的信息最切近的自然对等物,首先是就意义而言,其次是就文体而言)Translation Translation in fact has three distinguishable meanings for this word. It can refer to: 1 translating: the process to translate the activity rather than the tangible object 2 a translation: the

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物质由分子通过分子间的吸引力紧紧地靠在一起。当物质吸收热量,分子的能量升级并且 使得分子之间的间隙增大。当越来越多的能量被吸收,这种效果就会加剧,粒子之间相互脱离。这种由固态到液态的状态变化通常被称之为熔化。 当液体吸收了更多的热量时,一些分子获得了足够多的能量而从表面脱离,这个过程 被称为蒸发(凭此洒在地面的水会逐渐的消失在蒸发的过程中,一些分子是在相当低的 温度下脱离的,然而随着温度的上升,分子更加迅速的脱离,并且在某一温度上液体内部 变得非常剧烈,大量的气泡向液体表面升起。在这时我们称液体开始沸腾。这个过程是变为蒸汽的过程,也就是液体处于汽化状态。 让我们试想大量的水装在一个敞开的容器内。液体表面的空气对液体施加了一定的压 力,随着液体温度的上升,便会有足够的能量使得表面的分子挣脱出去,水这时开始改变 自身的状态,变成蒸汽。在此条件下获得更多的热量将不会引起温度上的明显变化。所增 加的能量只是被用来改变液体的状态。它的效用不能用温度计测量出来,但是它仍然发生 着。正因为如此,它被称为是潜在的,而不是可认知的热量。使这一现象发生的温度被称为是沸点。在常温常压下,水的沸点为100摄氏度。 如果液体表面的压力上升, 需要更多的能量才可以使得水变为蒸汽的状态。 换句话说, 必须使得温度更高才可以使它沸腾。总而言之,如果大气压力比正常值升高百分之十,水必须被加热到一百零二度才可以使之沸腾。

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电气工程与自动化学院 本科毕业设计专业翻译资料(中文读书报告) 学生姓名:王超杰 专业班级:自动化12-06班 学号:311208002219 2016 年 6 月11 日

原文: Design of Combustible Gas Detection system using Wireless Transmission Technology Shijiazhuang Universities of Economics, Hebei, China zkzhlp@https://www.360docs.net/doc/b15904872.html, Keywords:TGS813, AT89S52, DS18B20, nRF905, TC35i Abstract.The detection device of combustible gas are designed in the presented work,using wireless transceiver and GSM network.The system realize the wireless transmission of the gas concentration,and also can send alarm information to user’s mobile when an exception occurs. The system consists of two parts: a master and slave. The function of the slave is to collect data, process data and transffer the data to the master.The taskof the master is to receive data and display it by LED. The signal acquisition is completed by sensor TGS813 and A/D converter TLC2543. The wireless transmission is achieved through wireless transceiver nRF905. Since the accuracy of the sensor is affected by the environment,using DS18B20 to achieve temperature compensation. And with wireless communication module TC35i and GSM network platform, we can send the alarm information to user’s mobile promptly. Introduction Gas detection is widely used in petroleum, chemical, metallurgy, family, shopping malls, gas stations and other places. Currently, how to monitor the hazardous gas fast and accurately are the important issues. Although the gas detection technology is relatively mature, but most products has many shortcomings, such as single function, operating complex, bulky, expensive and low sensitivity. Wireless communication technology applied to the gas monitoring field, can resolve the problem of remote monitoring in special environment, such as high temperature, low temperature, toxic gas.and unable to wiring . In the presented work, the combustible gas detectoris fully functional (with wireless transceiver), simple, small size, low cost, and has high sensitivity. The equipment can greatly improve the system's detection capability and accuracy with temperature compensation algorithm, and also can send alarm information to the user's mobile phone promptly through the GSM network. System design The system consists of two parts as shown in Figure 1. Fig. 1 Overall system block diagram

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国际经济学双语习题 3 International Economics, 8e (Krugman) Chapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model 3.1 The Concept of Comparative Advantage 1) Trade between two countries can benefit both countries if A) each country exports that good in which it has a comparative advantage. B) each country enjoys superior terms of trade. C) each country has a more elastic demand for the imported goods. D) each country has a more elastic supply for the exported goods. E) Both C and D. Answe r: A

Question Previous Edition Status: 2) In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in the production of one particular product we need information on at least ________ unit labor requirements one A) two B) three C) four D) five E) Answe D r: Previous Edition Question Status: 3) A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because it is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it A) could alternatively. is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it B) could domestically. is producing exports using fewer labor units. C) is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units. D) None of the above. E) B Answe r: Previous Edition Question Status:

自动化专业英语 翻译

1.1 In recent years the performance requirements for process plant have become increasingly difficult to satisfy. Stronger competition, tougher (更加严苛的) environmental and safety regulations (法规), and rapidly changing economic conditions have been key factors in the tightening of plant product quality specifications (产品质量规范).A further complication (复杂) is that modern processes have become more difficult to operate because of the trend toward larger, more highly integrated plants with smaller surge capacities (谐振能力) between the various processing units. Such plants give the operators little opportunity to prevent upsets (扰乱) from propagating from one unit to other interconnected units. In view of (考虑到,由于) the increased emphasis placed on safe, efficient plant operation, it is only natural that the subject of process control has become increasingly important in recent years. In fact, without process control it would not be possible to operate most modern processes safely and profitably (有利的), while satisfying plant quality standards. 近年来,对过程系统的性能改善需求变得越来越困难.更为激烈的竞争,更加严格的环境和安全规范,以及快速变化的经济条件都是加强工厂产品质量规范的关键因素更为复杂的情况是,由于现代制造业朝着规模更大,集成度更高的方向发展,而使不同的加工环节之间的应变能力更低, 所以加工过程更难控制近年来,考虑到工业制造逐渐加强的安全、高效需求,过程控制这个课题变得越来越受重视. 实际上,对于大多数现代工业,要满足安全、高效,产品质量的要求,没有控制系统是不可能的. It is assumed that the inlet and outlet flow rates are identical (相同的) and that the liquid density ρ (rho) remains consant,that is, the temperature variations are small enough that the temperature dependence of ρ can be neglected. Under these conditions the volu me V of liquid in the tank remains constant. 假设输入和输出流量是相等的,并且液体密度保持恒定,也就是说温度变化足够小,密度对温度的影响可以忽略不计. 在这些条件下,槽内液体的体积保持恒定 Use a larger tank. If a larger tank is used, fluctuations (波动) in Ti will tend to be damped out (阻尼,衰减) due to the larger thermal capacitance of the tank contents. However, increased volume of tankage would be an expensive solution for an industrial plant due to the increased capital costs of the larger tank.Note that this approach is analogous to the use of water baths in chemistry laboratories where the large thermal capacitance of the bath serves as a heat sink (散热装置) and thus provides an isothermal (恒温的) environment for a small-scale research apparatus (仪器). 使用一个更大的槽. 如果使用更大的槽,因为更大的热容,Ti的波动会趋向于衰减. 然而,体积增加使得开支增加,会使工厂系统的解决方案变得更加昂贵.要指出的是这个方法类似于化学实验室中水缸的使用,水缸的大热容量可以看作散热装置,因此可以为小型研究仪器提供一个恒温环境. Note that in feedforward control, the controlled variable T is not measured. 在前馈控制中,被控变量T是没有被测量的. 1.2 The motivation of using feedback, illustrated (说明) by the examples in Section (1), is somewhat oversimplified.In these examples, the use of feedback is shown to be for the purpose of reducing the error between the reference input and the system output.However, the significance of the

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