考研英语作文中的 破折号和分号用法

考研英语作文中的 破折号和分号用法
考研英语作文中的 破折号和分号用法

破折号和分号用法

破折号不能分割不完整的句子,也就是说破折号两边的句子成分必须完整.

1.英:用来表示或突出同位语。例如:

Only one thing is now wanting—a refrigerator.现仅缺少一件东西——冰箱。

汉:用来引出行文中解释说明的语句。例如:

……水作深黑色,泛着油光。留心看时,水面细细地在那里动,其中游泳着无量数的蚊虫的前身——孑孓。

2.英:用来概括前面列举的若干东西。例如:

New houses,larger schools,more sheep,more pigs and chickens,morehorse and donkeys—everywhere we saw signs of the commune's prosperity.新房子,扩建的学校,更多的猪、羊、鸡、马和驴,到处(是)我们可以看到公社的繁荣景象。

汉:表示总结上文。例如:

中国反是,军力、经济力和政治组织力是比较地弱的,然而正处于进步的时代,其战争是进步的和正义的,又有大国这个条件足以支持持久战,世界的多数国家是会要援助中国的。——这些,就是中日战争互相矛盾着的基本特点。

3.英:用来表示犹豫或迟疑。例如:

I—I—I rather think—maybe—Amy has taken it.我——我——我想——也许——是爱梅拿了吧。

汉:表示犹豫不定或迟疑。例如:

我希望是那样——但是——那就是——啊,我来试一下吧。

4.英:用来表示意思的突然转折。例如:

“And may I ask—”said Xiao Wu;“but I guess it's better for you to ask himabout it.”“我可以问——”小吴说,“不过我想还是你问他的好。”

汉:表示意思转折。例如:

呵,省里派来的?敢就是李克,特派李克——不,移作特派员的巡行指导员李克?

5.英:用来表示反问。例如:

It is clear—is it not?—that we must practise strict economy.很清楚——不是吗?——我们必须厉行节约。

汉:用两个破折号引进疑问形式。例如:

“自然物质”——是不依赖发音器官?不依赖大脑?不依赖神经元?不依赖传递声波的空气?——语言竟会在一种连马尔本人也说不清楚的环境中“成长”。……

6.英:表示在说话时有意地中断了一下,以便强调或引起别人注意破折号后面要说的话。例如:

In a word,the spirit of the whole country may be described as—self-relianceand arduous struggle.总而言之,整个国家的精神可以说是——自力更生,艰苦奋斗。

汉:表示语气的停顿。例如:

有一次是除夕,大家都回去过年——我的家那时还在上海,也不想进城去玩——L夫妇知道我独在,就打电话来请我吃火锅。

7.英:用在一个引用的句子前面(代替一个冒号,或与分号一起连用)。例如:

Uncle Wang laughingly answered—“No,no;stay where you are.”王大叔笑着回答说:“哦,不用了,不用了,就呆在那儿吧。”

汉:用于引语之前。例如:

心底下的微语,突又响亮到可以使方罗兰吓得——你说是反动,是残杀么?然而半个城是快意的?

8.英:用在一个解释性的插入语前面和后面,相当于一个括号。(这种用法在英国英语中尤为普遍)。例如:

Then the proposals—both Xiao Y ang's and mine—were adopted.后来两个建议——小杨的和我的——都被采纳了。

汉:把解释性话语放在两个破折号之间,第二个破折号后面可以用逗号表示句中停顿。例如:蜘蛛进行交际使用的当然不是语言——蜘蛛连声音也发不出——,它靠得是蜘蛛所传达的“波”分辨。

9.英:用在一个解释性的分句或句子前面。例如:

How lucky the girls nowadays are!—they can go anywhere,say anything.今天的女孩子多幸福啊!她们哪儿都能去,什么话都能说。

汉:破折号引出的话对前面一个陈述句进行解释。例如:

樽开柏叶酒,灯发九枝花。——“柏”与“九”本不能对,“柏”与“百”同音,因而与“九”为借对。

10.英:用来表示“从……到……”的概念,尤指生卒年份。例如:

William Shakespeare,1564—1616,is one of the greatest poets and dramatistsin the history of Bristish Literature.威廉·莎士比亚(1564——1616)是英国文学史上的伟大诗人和剧作家。汉:用于年份之间,表示时段或人物的生卒年。例如:

1939——1940年我又在上海写了《春》的续篇《秋》。

11.英:用来补充说明,特别是在非正式文字中。例如:

We'll be arriving on Monday morning—at least,I think so.我们将在星期一上午抵达——至少我是这样想的。

汉:表示补充说明前面的分句。例如:

掉转身,望着小窗外的黑夜,——一个冷漠的冷酷的昆明的黑夜。

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英语中分号用法

分号有时又称为小句号。它表示一个停顿,其停顿时间在逗号与冒号的停顿时间之间。文章如采用许多分号,其风格则变得严肃、正式。为了正确使用分号,有必要先学会辨认主句。当两个主句没有任何连接词(and, but, or, nor, for)连接而出现在同一个句子里,这时最好采用分号使之分离。分号的主要作用很简单,它常用于分离没有连接词连接的句子。但最好不要在从句之间形成如此之强的停顿。如果你要连接从句,而又不愿意用连接词时,则采用分号。

一般说来,分号的作用介于逗号和句号之间,即用分号隔开的两部分之间的关系,比用句号

隔开的紧密,但不及用逗号分开的紧密。

1)用于并列句之间。

例句:

People make history; unusual people make history interesting.

Y our car is new; mine is six years old.

2)分隔已有逗号的并列成分,以避免歧义。

例:

Folow this procedure:first,get your apllication forms; next, fill them out; last, pay the charge.

3)用于由for example, namely, in fact等引出的分句之前。

例:

Tom is well-liked; in fact, he is the most popular person in the class

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