2012年高考语法分类：非谓语动词小结(有讲解以及最新试题解析)
非谓语动词
考点一不定式作状语
不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。
1．不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。
To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.
要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。
2．不定式用于so...as to...，such...as to...，enough to...，too...to...，only to...等结构中作结果状语。
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?
你能不能行行好，借给我你的自行车？
He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can influence others.
他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。
He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.
他匆忙去了售票处，结果被吿诉所有的票已经卖完了。
【温馨提示】“only＋to do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell和主语He 之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。
His parents died，leaving him an orphan.
他的父母去世了，使他成为孤儿。
考点二过去分词作状语
1．过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。
Given the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果得到正确的训练，这些少年足球选手有朝一日可能成为国际明星。
Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
倘若给予更多的关注，这些树会生长得更好。
Michael's new house is like a huge palace，compared with his old one. 和旧房子相比，Michael的新房子就像一座巨大的宫殿。
2．某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有：lost(迷路)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。
Lost in the mountains for a week，we were finally saved by the local police.
在大山里迷失了一个星期，我们最终被当地警察所救。
Absorbed in his book，he didn't notice me enter the room.
专心读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
考点三现在分词作状语
1．动词的ing短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。分词所表示的动作和句子的主语常为主动关系。
Being ill，he couldn't go to school.
因为生病，他不能去上学。(原因)
My car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.
我的车遇到交通堵塞，所以延误了。(结果)
As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not moving，and asked myself what I was going to do.(伴随)
当交通路灯变绿灯时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问要做什么事。2．现在分词有：一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。Not having received a reply，he decided to write again.
没有得到答复，他决定再写信去。
The old man，having worked abroad for twenty years，came back to his motherland.(work与句子的主语The old man之间存在主谓关系，而且
work这一动作发生在谓语动作之前)在国外工作了二十年，这位老人回到了祖国。
Having been scolded many times，he determined to study hard to catch up with others.
多次被批评之后，他决定努力学习赶上他人。
3．有一些固定结构，如：generally speaking，taking everything into consideration，judging from/by等，无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。Taking everything into consideration，the result is better than expected.
把一切因素考虑进去，结果比预料的要好。
Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.
从他说的话来判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。
4．现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：如果是意义上的主谓关系，一般用动词ing形式，如果是意义上的动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.
从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语the park之间存在动宾关系)
Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系)
考点四非谓语动词作定语
1．现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
There are two roads before us，one leading to the beach，the other to the park.
在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。
2．过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。
I'm calling to enquire about the position advertised in yesterday's China Daily.
我打电话来是想询问一下有关昨天在《中国日报》上刊登的招聘职位的情况。
考点五非谓语动词作宾补
1．过去分词作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。
I'll have my house painted tomorrow.
明天我会让人把我的房子粉刷一下。(被动)
When I opened the door，I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 当我打开门时，我发现地面被落叶所覆盖。
2．现在分词作宾语补足语：现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行的主动动作，即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，have，keep等。
When I caught him cheating me，I stopped buying things there and
started dealing with another shop.
当我发现他在欺骗我时，我停止了在那儿购物，去了另一家商店(购物)。
考点六独立主格结构
独立主格结构，就是分词有其自己的独立主语，可以不与句子的主语保持一致。独立主格独立主格结构
结构没有谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。此结构在句子中起原因、方式、时间、条件、伴随状语的作用。独立主格结构应与句子的主体部分分隔开来。其功能和用法见下表：
语法训练
1. (2011年高考湖南卷)The ability________an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A．expressing B．expressed
C．to express D．to be expressed
解析：考查在特定语境中使用非谓语动词作定语的能力。句意：表达观点的能力与观
点本身同等重要。“做某事的能力”应该表达为“the ability to do sth.”故选C项。
答案：C
2．(2011年高考湖南卷)The players________from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A．selecting B．to select
C．selected D．having selected
解析：本题考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：人们期待着从全国范围内挑选出来的运动员们在今年的夏季运动会上给我们带来荣誉。select(挑选)与其逻辑主语the players之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，A、B、D三项是表示主动的非谓语动词形式，故排除。
答案：C
3．(2011年高考天津卷)________into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
A．Translating B．Translated
C．To translate D. Having translated
解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：被译成英语后，我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同的语序。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致，本句中的主语the sentence与translate间为逻辑上的被动关系，故排除A、C、D三项，只有B项表示被动，故为答案。
答案：B
4．(2011年高考北京卷)Sit down，Emma. You will only make yourself more tired，
________on your feet.
A．to keep B．keeping
C．having kept D．to have kept
解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意：坐下，Emma。站着只会让你更加劳累。逻辑主语you与keep之间为主动关系，所以选择B项，现在分词作伴随状语。A、D两项为不定式，通常表示目的，所以排除；C项为现在分词的完成式，不表示伴随，故排除。
答案：B
5．(2011 年高考上海卷)At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind，________that he could do nothing to help.
A．to realize B．realized
C．realizing D．being realized
解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：我曾经下决心要和山姆叔叔谈谈，可后来我改变了想法，意识到他根本帮不上忙。空格处非谓语动词和逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，可排除表被动的B和D两项；A项不定式通常表目的，在此不符合语境，也被排除。此题中用现在分词作伴随状语，表原因。
答案：C
6．(2012年西安质量检测)________on the top of the mountain is an ancient
tower________back to two hundred years ago.
A．Standing; dating B．To stand；to date
C．Having stood；dating D．Stand; dated
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：位于山顶的是一座追溯到二百年前的古塔。“Standing on the top of the mountain”是现在分词短语作表语，此处为了保持句子平衡，将分词短语提到句首，引起完全倒装；“dating back to two hundred years ago”是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰tower。
答案：A
7．In the next five years，the government's work will be evaluated________on people's happiness level instead of GDP alone.
A．based B．to be based
C．basing D．having based
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语意及句子结构可知，此处表示根据人民的幸福指数来衡量政府的工作，based on...是过去分词作状语。
答案：A
8. ________the theory，the scientists asked more than sixty college students to take part in the experiment.
A．Being tested B．To test
C．Testing D．Tested
解析：考查非谓语动词。这里不定式短语在句中作目的状语，表示“为了验证这个理论”。
答案：B
9．(2012年江西七校联考)—It was too cold yesterday morning，and I couldn't get my
car________.
—Why didn't you try________the battery with some hot water?
A．to run; to fill B. started ；filling
C．going；fill D. starting; filling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：——昨天早上太冷了，我的汽车都发动不起来。——你为什么不尝试用热水充满电池呢？第一空是“get sth.done”结构，表示“使……被……”；第二空用try doing sth.表示“尝试做某事”。
答案：B
10．________that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right job for her.
A．To consider B．Considering
C．Considered D．To be considered
解析：考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语considering...作原因状语，其逻辑主语与主句主语一致，表示的动作与主句谓语动词动作基本上同时发生。句意：考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。
答案：B
11．________her mother after being separated for 20 years, she couldn't help，even though she tried not to，________.
A．Seen；crying B. To see ；cry
C. Seeing ；crying D．Having seen ; cry
解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空是现在分词作状语；第二空，因有状语从句的分隔，不容易判断，正常语序是She couldn't help________even though she tried not to. can't help doing sth.“情不自禁做某事”，故选C。
答案：C
12．(2012年洛阳检测)The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the task，
________that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A．having added B. to add
C．adding D. added
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：来访部长表达了对工作的满意，并说在这儿他很开心。add与主句主语间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且与主句谓语动词动作基本上同时发生，故用现在分词的一般式，在此，非谓语动词作伴随状语。
答案：C
13．Nowadays many people keep on the move，
A．to hope B．hoping
C．expecting D．to expect
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句法与词法，hope后不能接不定式作宾语补足语，而expect 可接不定式作宾语补足语。many people与expect之间构成主谓关系，所以用现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随的动作。
答案：C
14．All the books donated by the students from urban schools are said________ to the students in rural areas the other day.
A．to be sent B．being sent
C．having been sent D．to have been sent
解析：考查非谓语动词。从语法可知，be said后面接“不定式”，故排除B项和C项，同时语意表示“捐的书几天前已被送往农村学生的手中了”，且send和books之间为动宾关系，故应用动词不定式的完成式的被动语态。答案选D项。
答案：D
15. They believed what the weather forecast said and went on their exploration，________in heavy snow on the mountain.
A．being caught B．only to be caught
C．only to catch D．only catching
解析：考查非谓语动词。only＋不定式作结果状语，表示意外结果，be caught在此表
示“突然遭受”之意。句意：他们相信了天气预报的说法，继续他们的探险行动，结果在山上遇到了暴雪。
答案：B
最新2018高考英语非谓语动词专项讲解练习
第五章非谓语动词 【非谓语动词作状语】 一.不定式,分词作状语的基本原则 不定式,分词作状语时,不定式,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式,分词作状语. 二.不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况比较多,如果强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或so as,构成"in order to do"或"so as to do"结构."in order to do"结构作目的状语时,可以放在句首也可放在句中;"so as to do"结构只能放在句中. Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year(so as/in order)to visit her. Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forge t it. 2.不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so...as to;such...as to;...enough to;only to(常表示以外的或事与愿违的结果);too...to等. I'm not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down. Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left. I'm too tired to stay up longer. 备注:在only too..to结构中,too...to...并非是"太....而不能..."之意.此时,与too..to..搭配的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy等. I'm only too glad to have passed the exam. 3.不定式作原因状语 形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因.用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased等. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 4.在"主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do"结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.该结构中常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等. This question is easy to answer. This book is difficult to understand. 三.分词作状语 1.分词作状语时其形式的选择 2.分词作状语的句法功能 分词作状语时,可以表时间,原因,结果，条件,让步，行为方式,伴随状况等.为了强调,还可与 while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用. When offered help,one often says"Thank you"or "It's kind of you".(时间) Separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other
高考英语语法填空：历年语法填空真题20套
最新高考英语考前冲刺语法填空短文改错精准训练历年语法填空真题20套Passage 1(2019课标全国I) The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 1 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modem methods 3 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 4 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 5 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 6 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 8 (high) than they actually are. Of 9 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 10 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ? 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ? 答案： 1 that 2 poorly 3 of/for 4 to perform 5 have reported
高考英语语法体系
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句法 一、句子成分和句子种类 1.句子成分 2.句子种类 2.主谓一致的几种情况 2.主语从句 3.宾语从句 4.表语从句 5.同位语从句 6.直接引语和间接引语 2.定语从句的分类 3.关系代词 4.关系副词 5.介词+关系代词 6.注意事项 7.定语从句和同位语从句的区别 8.定语从句和短语的转化 2.地点状语从句 3.条件状语从句 4.目的状语从句 5.原因状语从句 6.结果状语从句 7.让步状语从句 8.比较状语从句 9.方式状语从句 10.状语从句的省略 六、特殊句式 1.there be结构 倒装 强调 省略 5.插入语 七、情景交际 1.社会交往 2.态度 3.情感
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】【专题要点】 非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下： 1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语； 2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别； 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式； 10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【教法指引】 非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；
8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题； 10.“（be+）过去分词+介词”结构； 11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 （1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．这里禁止抽烟。（抽象） It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（经验） Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验） （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.我只花了五分钟的时间来完成这项工作。 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 （1）不定式作表语 1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。