2016-2017学年高考英语阅读理解解析汇编(65)

2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（65）

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

体裁：记叙文话题：热点关注时间：7分钟

Does style really sell? How can the appearance of a product be more important than what it does? The battle between form and function rose again when James Dyson，British inventor of the Dyson vacuum(真空) cleaner that has sold in millions around the world，resigned as chairman of London's Design Museum.It is widely believed that Mr.Dyson felt that the museum put too much stress on style at the expense of serious industrial design.

Mr.Dyson accused the museum of not keeping true to itself.He may be right，but these days，museums everywhere can no longer afford to be unique centers of scholarship and

learning.Among competition for sponsorship，they must use exhibitions of populist culture，nice cafes and shops or，best of all，a new building by Frank Gehry to increase visitor numbers.

On the one hand，some producers can be too old-fashioned and too concerned with the importance of product engineering and the functionality of their goods.On the other hand，there are those who believe that how a product looks is more important.Design is indeed a broad term，involving both function and form.Typically，in any given product area，it changes from the former to the latter.Clothing is a good example.But surely you would have to be a very shallow person to think something's appearance is more important than what it does.

Today nearly all goods at any given price point do much the same job.So almost the only way producers can differentiate their products from those of their competitors is to create some sort of emotional connection with the consumer，which could be through the visual appeal of the product or its packaging，or the imagery(意象) created by advertising.And what of the Dyson vacuum cleaner? Mr.Dyson may believe that people buy these machines because of the graphs showing their superior suction，but most vacuum cleaners do a good job；the main reason people pay extra for a Dyson is that it is a vacuum cleaner with a trendy brand.With its inside workings exposed，it is a bit like a Richard Rogers building with all its pipes shown in bright colors on the outside instead of being hidden inside.Functional it may be，but it is a bit of a trick，too.

【语篇导读】英国吸尘器发明家Dyson因强烈反对设计博物馆太过注重外在的风格样式而辞职，他认为这里应该是研究学问的地方。

1．Mr.Dyson left the Design Museum because he thought the museum ______.

A．didn't increase the number of visitors

B．couldn't provide scholarships for learners

C．wasn't loyal to its original purpose of learning

D．didn't have great appeal for serious industrial design

解析推理判断题。由第一段的最后一句话和第二段的第一句可知，他辞职是因为设计博物馆太注重风格样式。他认为这里应该是研究学问的地方，他们的做法违背了这个初衷。

答案 C

2．Speaking of clothing，the underlined word“latter” refers to “______ ”．

A．affording protection

B．indicating one's identity

C．providing warmth

D．making someone beautiful

解析词义猜测题。根据文章内容可知，这里的latter指的是前面一句话中的form，即外形。因此D项正确。

答案 D

3．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?

A．A product with convenient packaging sells well.

B．The majority of consumers prefer to buy branded goods.

C．Most similarly priced products are of a comparable standard.

D．Emotion contributes much to the development of advertising industry.

解析细节理解题。由第四段的第一句可知，大多数指定价格的产品都做着同样的工作，即大多数相似价格的产品都有可比的标准。所以C项正确。

答案 C

4．What is the author's attitude towards the form of a product?

A．Optimistic. B．Sceptical.

C．Disapproving. D．Objective.

解析态度推断题。由最后两段的内容可知，作者认为产品的外形还是很重要的，但也是个小花招，因此作者对产品外形持客观的态度。选D。

答案 D

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

体裁：记叙文话题：人物介绍时间：7分钟

(2014·宁夏银川一中高三月考)Sam Walton，the founder of Wal-Mart，was born in Kingfish，Oklahoma on March 29,1918.He was raised in Missouri where he worked in his father's store while attending school.This was his first retailing(零售业) experience and he really enjoyed

it.After graduation，he began his own career as a retail merchant.

He soon opened his first Wal-Mart store in 1962 in Rogers，Arkansas.Wal-Mart specialized in name brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success.Soon a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America.

Walton's management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts of management that are still in use today.

After taking the company public in 1970，Walton introduced his“profit sharing plan”．The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store.Sam Walton believed that “individuals don't win，while teams do”．Employees at Wal-Mart stores were offered stock options(认股选择权) and store discounts.These benefits are commonplace today，but Walton was among the first to implement(实施) them.Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers and more sales.He also believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the company's success，they would care about the company.

By the 1980s，Wal-Mart had sales of over one billion dollars and over three hundred stores across North America.Wal-Mart's unique decentralized(分散的) distribution system，also Walton's idea，created the edge needed to further encourage growth in the 1980s during growing complaints that the “superstore” was stopping smaller and traditional stores from developing.By 1991，

Wal-Mart was the largest US retailer with 1,700 stores.Walton remained active in managing the company，as president and CEO until 1988 and chairman until his death.He was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death.

【语篇导读】本文介绍了沃尔玛公司的创始人山姆·沃尔顿。1962年，他开办了第一家沃尔玛百货商店。经过几十年的奋斗，他使沃尔玛公司成为全球最大的连锁零售王国。他的经营理念现在仍然适用。

1．Sam Walton first made a hit in retailing when ______.

A．he worked in his father's store

B．he created Walton's management style

C．a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America

D．he specialized in name brands at low prices

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Wal-Mart specialized in name brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success.”可知，沃尔玛在低价销售名牌产品时取得了意想不到的成功，因此选D。

答案 D

2．What is the purpose of Walton's carrying out “profit sharing plan”？

A．To make sure all the employees had their own shares.

B．To encourage the employees to work hard and make joint efforts.

C．To select excellent employees for his stores.

D．To make more profit for himself.

解析细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句“The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store.”可知，雇员的收入与商店的利润挂钩，这个计划就是为了鼓励员工努力工作。

答案 B

3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．With Walton's management style，employees treated the stores as their own.

B．Walton wasn't one of the merchants who first implemented stock options.

C．The smaller and traditional stores were well affected by Walton's stores.

D．In his old age，Walton gave all the management to his men.

解析细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“He also believed that by giving employees a par t of the company and making their success dependent on the company's success，they would care about the company.”可知，沃尔顿的经营理念就是让员工把公司当成自己的一样去关心。

答案 A

4．What does the underlined word“edge” in the last paragraph mean here?

A．Danger. B．Disadvantage.

C．Advantage. D．System.

解析词义猜测题。根据上下文内容可知，沃尔顿的想法是让沃尔玛独特的分散配送体系创造优势以进一步鼓励发展，因此edge表示“优势”，故答案为C。

答案 C

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

体裁：议论文话题：积极人生时间：7分钟

(2014·河南新乡许昌平顶山高三调研)Gretchen Alexander is sightless.But she refuses to allow her blindness to limit her life activities.She enjoys archery，golf，softball，sailing and water skiing，as well as a number of other activities that those of us who are sighted have yet to learn.She also speaks to groups about living life fully.When speaking to a group of high school students，she was once asked if there was anything she wouldn't try.“I've decided to never sky dive，” she answered.“It would scare the heck out of my dog.”

Why do some people rise above their problems and live life fully，while others become defeated? Merle Shain explains it this way：“There are only two ways to approach life: as a victim or as a gallant fighter.And you must decide whether you want to act or to react...”

When discouraged，a victim reacts，perhaps in pain or self-pity.But a fighter will act.A fighter will make a decision to change that set of circumstances that left him or her discouraged.Or a fighter will decide to accept those circumstances with grace and move ahead anyway.A fighter will decide to act with courage.A fighter will take responsibility for his or her happiness.No matter how afraid，a fighter will refuse to give in to the most defeating of all human emotions—helplessness.A victim reacts.A fighter acts.It's your decision.It's a decision about whether you will live your life fully with courage，or you will be forever defeated by harsh circumstances.Make it well，for it may be one of the most important decisions you ever make.

Will you be a victim or a gallant fighter?

【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文。文章以Gretchen Alexander 为例，论述了在生活中当你遇到不愉快的事情时，你应该做一名受害者还是做一名勇敢的战士。

1．The best title for this article would be ______.

A．Gretchen Alexander's Life

B．Merle Shain's Attitude to Life

C．Victims and Fighters

D．The Way of Life

解析标题归纳题。文章的最后一段“Will you be a victim or a gallant fighter？”点出了文章主题。故C项最适合作为文章标题。

答案 C

2．What can we learn about Gretchen Alexander from this passage?

A．She is more athletic than those of us who are sighted.

B．She is discouraged when her dog is scared.

C．There is no limitation to her life activities.

D．She is a brave fighter.

解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Gretchen Alexander is sightless.But she refuses to allow her blindness to limit her life activities.”和“She also speaks to groups about living life fully.”可知，Gretchen Alexander在生活中是一位勇敢的战士。

答案 D

3．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “______”．

A．life B．choice

C．courage D．circumstance

解析词义猜测题。从下文的“for it may be one of the most important decisions you ever make”可知，画线词的含义是“选择”。

答案 B

4．The third paragraph mainly talks about ______.

A．the difference between a victim and a fighter

B．the reactions to helplessness

C．decision-making

D．a fighter's responsibility

解析段落大意题。本段主要介绍了受害者和战士在遇到一些不好的事情时各自不同的表现——受害者是有反应，而战士则是行动起来。故选A。

答案A。

【由福建省三明市2014高考模拟题改编】

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

Former Hollywood child star Shirley Temple died on

Monday at home in Woodside，California，from natural

causes．“she was surrounded by her family and carers ,” a

statement said．

With her charm and blonde curls(金色的卷发)，she

was one of the most popular stars of the 1930s．in hit

movies like Bright Eyes and Stand Up and Cheer．Her

singing，dancing and acting won over fans worldwide．She

was given a special Oscar for child in 1935，when she

was just six years old．To this day，she is still the youngest child to receive an Academy Award．After retiring from films in 1950 at the age of 21，Temple returned to the spotlight as a politician and diplomat(外交家)．

Shirley Temple started her film career at three．Between 1934 and 1938 she appeared in more

than 20 feature films and was the top US movie star．She wore a grass skirt and played a ukulele (四弦小吉它)to promote the musical Captain January，directed by David Butler，in 1936．She attended her first big public performance for her film Wee Willie Winkie in Hollywood on 26 June，

1937．

As well as being the youngest receiver of an Oscar(at the age of 6 years and 3 1 0 days)，Temple

was also the youngest child to present one of the statuettes(小金人)．She stood on a chair to give Claudette Colbert the best actress prize for it Happened One night in 1935．At the age of 12 Temple’s star burnt out——her parents bought out the remaining time of her contract and sent her to

an expensive girl’s schoo1．Her final film，A Kiss for Corliss，is available to watch online for free．This is the star’s final ever moment on the big screen．The actress retired from Hollywood in 1950，

but she still appeared occasionally on TV．In 1958 she wore a fairy godmother costume to promote

her series of dramatised fairy tales，Shirley Temple’s Storybook．

In 2006，she accepted the Life Achievement Award at the 12th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards．

1．Shirley Temple was popular with the world mainly because of_______．

A．her charm and blonde cuffs B．her singing，dancing and acting

C．her young age as an actress D．her career being a diplomat

2．According to the passage，Shirley Temple was born in______.

A．1929 B．1932 C．1934 D．1935

3．From the passage we can infer that_____.

A．Temple involved herself actively in political work after she was twenty—one

B．the Life Achievement Award was given to Temple when she was young

C．her parents sent her to an expensive girl’s school by contract

D．the film of her first public performance was Captain January

4．Which of the following statements is TRUE about Shirley Temple ?．

A．She ever received the Oscar award for the best actress．

B．She was the best child movie star in the world．

C．She was once a presenter at an Oscar Awarding ceremony．

D．She stopped appearing on any kind of media after 1950．

【参考答案】1—4、BAAC

较难题目特训：介绍说明类

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a

design student is to receive financial support to produceeco-friendly tentsmade of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.

Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.

Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs.

The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.

To raise money for the idea, he toured the City’s private companies which fund new businesses and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint’s directors and won their support. Mint has committed around￡500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr Dunlop’s business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year.

Mr Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics. For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhab team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards. They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior(外部的) advertising space.

The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonbury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.

1. “Eco-friendly tents” in paragraph 1 refer to tents.

A. economically desirable

B. favorable to the environment

C. for holding music performances

D. designed for disaster relief

2. Mr Dunlop established his business.

A. independently with an interest-free loan from Mint

B. with the approval of the City’s administration

C. in partnership with a finance group

D. with the help of a Japanese architect

3. It is implied in the passage that.

A. the weather in the UK is changeable in summer

B. most performances at British festivals are given in the open air

C. the cardboard tents produced by Mr Dunlop can be user-tailored

D. cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users

4. The passage is mainly concerned with.

A. an attempt at developing recyclable tents

B. some efforts at making full use of cardboards

C. an unusual success of a graduation project

D. the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals 【参考答案】1-4 BCCA