whose, who引导的定语从句,分裂句的用法
Unit 17
Teaching Aims:
1. LSP: The relative clause introduced by whose, whom；cleft sentence (用whose, who引导的定语从句；分裂句的用法)
2. Dialogue Ⅰ＆Ⅱ: some conversational strategies in talking about pyramids in Egypt and expressing certainty and uncertainty.(谈论埃及金字塔和表达确定和不确定问题的会话技巧) 3．ReadingⅠ＆Ⅱ: some comments in the passage structure and get the main idea of each paragraph(对文章结构的评述以及各段大意)
Language Structure
Warming-up questions:
1.Who was the famous English writer whose plays have been translated into many languages,
such as Hamlet? (William Shakespeare)
2.Who was the popular singer whose songs you are interested in?
3.Who was the famous actress whose films you like best?
4. Is there any roommate whom you find it difficult to live with?
5. What is the most place you have ever been to?
6. What is the best film you have ever seen?
7.What is the most interesting book you have ever read?
8.What is the most beautiful song you have ever heard？
Main Teaching Points:
☆1. The relative clause introduced by whose
☆2. The relative clause introduced by who(m) (as the object of a preposition)
☆3. The cleft sentence with attention focused on various sentence elements
☆4. The relative clause preceded by a noun which is modified by a superlative
Ⅱ. 关系限定词whose引导关系从句
Whose 引导定语从句，表示所属关系，既可指人，也可用于指具体事物或抽象事物，如：
1. Is he the boy whose sister is a university student?
2. William Shakespeare was the famous English writer whose plays have been translated into
many languages.
3. The river whose banks are covered with trees.
Ⅲ. 关系代词whom 引导的定语从句作介词的宾语。在口语中whom通常可以省略。例如：
1. I know the person whom you spoke to just now.
2. They are your parents whom you should be devoted to.
3. He is a naughty boy whom I will have to look after during this holiday.
Ⅳ. 强调句的疑问形式（cleft sentence）
强调句采取it + be的一定形式+被强调部分+that/who分句，所强调部分多为代词，名词，形容词，状语等，其连接词通常是that或who，而不用when 或where。例如：
1. Was it last summer that he graduated from the university?
2. Was it at an evening party that you first saw her?
3. Was it Susan that the teacher asked to see?
Ⅴ. that 引导关系从句其作为先行词的名词被形容词最高级修饰
that 引导关系从句中，其作为先行词的名词被形容词最高级修饰。其关系代词that既可指人也可指物，例如：
1. He is the most excellent student I have ever met.
2. This is the most delicious food I have ever tasted.
3. Gone with the wind is the most interesting book I have ever read.
Tips for LSPⅠ
LSPⅠis about identifying two people doing the same thing.
Ⅰ. Listening to the dialogue and fill in the blanks.
Ⅱ. Language points.
1. CAAC---Civil Aviation Administration of China (中国民用航空总局)
2. Cassette recorder: ph. 录音带录音机
3. It’s me.—Grammatically, this sentence ought to be “It’s I”, since I is the subject
complement. But in colloquial English, people always say “It’s me”
Ⅲ. Variations based on the given cues
Sample:
A: I find there’s a member of our class whose father teaches English in the middle school. Do you know who it is?
B: It’s me. My father teaches English in the middle school.
A: Really? But there is someone else whose father teaches English in the middle school, too.
Do you know?
B: Oh, it must be Qin.
Tips for LSPⅡ
Tips for LSPⅡis about identifying people who are related to somebody in one way or another.Ⅰ. Listening to the dialogue and fill in the blanks.
Ⅱ. Language points
1. editor-in- chief: 总编，主编
2. the other day: 不久前某一天,通常与过去时连用。
e.g. I saw David at the bank the other day. 几天前我在银行见过戴维。
3. share: vt.分享;分担;共有;共同使用[(+with/among/between)]
e.g. Sam and I share a room. 山姆和我合住一间房间。
He shared his book with me yesterday. 昨天他把他的书和我共用。
Ⅲ. Variations based on the given cues
Sample:
A: You received a letter yesterday, isn’t it?
B: Yes, I did.
A: Was it from Mary Brown?
B: No, it is from Sue Green.
A: Isn’t she one of the reporters whom Sid’s father works with?
B: No, she is a teacher whom Jane lives next door to.
Tips for LSPⅢ
Tips for LSP Ⅲis about correcting what somebody has said about a thing or a person. Ⅰ. Listening to the dialogue and fill in the blanks.
Ⅱ. Language points
1. nuclear physics【物】核子物理学
2. no longer(=not …any longer): 不再, 再也不。
e.g. He will no longer come back here. (He will not come back here any longer. )
Ⅲ. Variations based on the given cues
Sample:
1. A: Is it a book on general physics that Dick borrowed?
B: No, it isn’t.
A: Then what has he borrowed?
B: He borrowed a book on nuclear physics.
2. A: Was it last Thursday that Keith came to see me?
B: No, I don’t thin k so.
A: Then when did she come to see me?
B: She came to see you last Friday.
Tips for LSP Ⅳ
Tips for LSP Ⅳis about making comments on a thing or a person.
Ⅰ. Listening to the dialogue and fill in the blanks.
Ⅱ. Language points
1. enlighten: vt启发,启迪; 教育,教导
e.g. Can you enlighten me on this issue? 你能否在这个问题上指点我一番?
I like those TV programs which enlighten the viewer as well as entertain him.
我喜欢那些既使观众得到娱乐又使观众受到教育的电视节目。
Enlightening: a. 启迪人的, 发人深省的。
2. cope with(= deal with ): ph.对付;处理
Ⅲ. Variations based on the given cues
Sample:
A: What are you doing now?
B: I’m reading an article?
A: Whose article?
B: It is written by Joe.
A: What do you think of Joe’s article?
B: It’s one of the most enlightening articles that I have ever read.
Dialogue Ⅰ
Ⅰ.Introduction
1. What will come into your mind when speaking of Egypt?
2. How much do you know about pyramids in Egypt?
3. Which is the biggest pyramid?
4. Do you want to pay a visit to the pyramids?
ⅡListening to the dialogue
Ⅲ.Comprehension questions
1. What are pyramids?
2. Why were the pyramids built?
3. What is still a mystery to people?
IV. Language appreciation
1. come across: 偶然碰到
e.g. We came across an old man lying in the road. 我们碰见一位老人躺在路上。
I came across an old friend yesterday. 我昨天碰见一位老朋友.
2. go ahead: 开始做某事情
3. for what purpose: =why
4. far off : very different (from the fact)
e.g. “I wasn’t too far off”: What I said is not very different from the facts (差不多，不算很错)
5. have something to do with: 与---有关，something可以用much, a lot等替换，其反义词组为have nothing/ little to do with
6. journal article: 期刊文章。
7. Are you kidding? : Are you telling the truth?
8. enable: v, make sb. able to do sth. 使能够;赋予...能力
To enable sb. to do sth.
e.g. Training will enable you to find work. 培训将使你找到工作。
The salary he got every month enabled him to support his family. 他每个月的工资能够养活他的家人。
9. convince: vt. 使确信,使信服;说服
e.g. He convinced me of his innocence. 他使我相信他是无辜的。
I was convinced that he knew the truth. 我确信他知道事实。
Convincing: 有说服力的;令人信服的; 有论据证实的
a convincing argument 富有说服力的论点
10. in person: 亲自
e.g. He will be present at the meeting in person. 他将亲自参加会议.
11. with one’s own eyes : 亲眼所见.
V. Conversational strategies
Initiating a topic
1. Initiating a topic by using a tag question to check whether the other one knows the topic or
not.
A: You know what pyramids are, don't you?
Practice with the following cues:
1) We are going to have an English test. Maybe Jim didn’t know it.
2) It is heard that we will have a picnic in Forest Park next Sunday.
3) We will have to attend a class meeting on how to spend the summer holiday meaningfully.
Practice with the following cues:
The Great Wall of China:
1) What is it like? (Winding dragon)
2) Who was it that ordered it to be built? And when was the Great Wall built? (The head of
various ducal states; in the sixth century B.C.)
3) For what purpose did they have the Great Wall built? (To protect the states from foreign
invasion)
4) How long is the Great Wall? (6350 kilometers long)
VI. Retelling (Put the dialogue into a short passage)
?Sample outline:
? A and B talk about the pyramids:
?1) Who had them built and who built them?
?2) Why were they built?
?3) What do they look like and how big are they?
?4) How were the pyramids built?
?Ⅶ. Oral practice
?The Great Wall of China
DialogueⅡ Certainty and Uncertainty.
1. How to express certainty, when you are sure that something will (or will not) happen in the future.
A: Do you think you will pass your final English exam?
B: Yes, I’m abs olutely sure/ positive/ certain I will. (No, definitely /certainly not)
2. How to express uncertainty, when you are not sure or doubtful whether something will happen in the future
A: Do you think you will be accepted to join the army?
B: Well, it’s impossible, I suppose, but I’m not really sure. (I might be, I suppose, but it’s doubtful.)
3. How to express probability
A: Do you think every home will have its own computer in the future?
B: I’m pretty certain/ almost sure. (Probably/ I think so.)
Ⅱ. Language points
1. I haven’t got a hope of passing. 我（考试）没有过的希望。
2. to come top: 名列前茅
3. There’s very little chance of you failing. : It is hardly possible for you to fail.
4. to do well in (=be good at)
5. in time: 及时
6. to wait and see
Ⅲ.Practice
1. A cure will be found for cancer?
A: Do you think a cure will be found for cancer?
B: Yes, I’m quite sure that scientists will find a cure some day.
A: I’m not really sure. It’s is possible I suppose, but scientists have been trying for a l ong time without success.
B: Yes, that’s right, and we aren’t sure what causes cancer.
2. People in the future will live to be 150 years old?
A: Do you think that in the future, people will live to be 150 years old?
B: Well, it’s impossible. I suppose, bu t I have many doubts.
A: I think people will probably live longer, but not to 150.
B: Yes, better care for the old, better food and better housing mean that people will live
longer.
A: There’s always a chance, I suppose, that I will live to be 150, but I doubt it!
First, ask ss to retell the dialogue Ⅰ
Reading Ⅰ Derby Day
Ⅰ.Lead-in questions
1. What is Britain’s national sport? (cricket, football, boxing…)
2. Do you like to watch a horse racing on TV?
3. According to your analysis, why do many people go to the horse race-course (赛马场)?
ⅡAnswer the questions
Go over the text in 5 minutes and answer the questions on specific details of this text:
1. Can you tell me what Britain’s national sports are? (The national sports were those in
which horses took part—hunting, riding and racing)
2. What is the annual horse race called? (Derby) *picture6, 8*
3. What do people go to Epson for on Derby Day? (watch the horses, win money by betting,
enjoy themselves)
4. Is Derby Day only a racing meeting? (No, it is not only a racing meeting : it is one of the
great days in the year, an outing for the whole family)
5. Who are bookmakers? (In this text, a bookmaker is a person who takes money risked on the
result of competitions, especially horse-races.)
Ⅲ. Comments on the text
This is a piece of expository writing to describe a kind of sports.
Para 1: The first question sentence initiates the topic (horse racing) as well as arouses the readers’ interest and thinking.
Para 2: The first sentence introduces the most famous British horse race—the Derby, and the place (Epsom) and the time. The second sentence gives more details about Epsom and the reason why people go there. The third and fourth sentences describe people’s craze for Derby.
Para 3: It further illustrates the importance of the Derby Day for thousands of Londoners--- the outing of the whole family.
Para 4: It introduces what people (children, old people, men and bookmakers) can do besides watching the racing.
Para 5: Scene description. It describes d ifferent people’s immediate reactions to the start of the big race. (Rush to the rail, the noise stop, stop shouting, all eyes watch the line … )
Para 6: It describes the scene when the race is over. (Lead in the winner, shout again, back to London) To sum up, from the description, we can get a clear impression of the Derby Day.
Ⅲ. Language Points for Reading I:
1. derby day: day of the annual horse race at Epsom, England (赛马日)
2. “Who can say?”: No one can say for sure.
此句为修饰问句，修饰疑问句在形式上是疑问句，但意义上相当与一个强调的陈述句。
3. …and everyone wants to get there to fast for safety: Everyone wants to get
there very fast and perhaps safety is overlooked.
4. party: n.可数名词 a group of people doing sth. together.一伙人
e.g. a search party looking for the lost child.
政党
…一方（law one of the people or sides in an agreement of argument）e.g party A
5. set up: 建立,创立
e.g. A new government was set up after the war. 新政府于战后成立。
Reading Ⅱ Entertainment at No Cost
comprehension questions
Ⅰ. Read the text first and answer the following comprehensive questions.
1. What do many people think about entertainment? (They think that entertainment means money)
2. What can people see when they stroll through busy streets? (They can see an interesting show of different people from all over the world and a free fashion show, too)
3. Under what condition is window shopping a harmless amusement? (When the stores are closed)
4. What other free entertainment can people get? (to hear an interesting debate in a local college or university, see a film or attend a concert at the local public library, or visit a flea market)
5. What do street musicians provide people with? (not only enjoy themselves, but also get a lot of warm sunshine and fresh air)
6. What can people do from time to time? (to pretend to be a tourist and get to know the city all over again )
7. How can people easily find good entertainment at no cost at all? (With imagination and a spirit of adventure you can quite easily find good entertainment at no cost at all)
Ⅱ.Language points for reading Ⅱ
1. to equate with : consider something as equal or equivalent (to something else)
2. newspaper scanning: reading newspapers quickly to look for something
3. window-shopping: 浏览橱窗（通常指无意购买者）
4. a flea market: 跳蚤市场（廉价出售旧物的露天市场）
5. how about+-ing/ -n-表示建议，请求或邀请或征求对方意见等
e.g. How about coming to stay with us for a few days when you are in the district
on business?
6. classical music: 古典音乐 rock music：摇滚音乐 blues: 布鲁斯 folk
music: 民族音乐 bluegrass 兰草音乐
7. magician: 魔术师 mine: 哑剧演员 juggler: 耍把戏者clown: 小丑 acrobat: 杂技演员
8. set aside: 留出,拨出 e.g. He set aside a little money each week. 他每
周都留出一些钱备用。
9. at slow time: 此处slow意为“不景气的”其反义为prosperous
e.g. a slow season(淡季)
10. feel like (would like to/ want)
11. You will see your city in a new perspective once you know more about its
history or its architectural treasures.
12. see something in a …(adj) perspective: see something in …point of view
(以…观点看事物) e.g. see something in the proper/ right/ wrong perspective
Ⅲ. Comments on the text
In this passage, the author introduces a little resourcefulness to have a good time without spending a lot of money in an optimistic mood. It can be divided into three parts.
Para 1: It gives a quite new opinion that we can have entertainment at no cost, which is different from general people’s concept.
Para 2—4: several ways to enjoy oneself without a lot of money. (Go to the street to watch different people or do window-shopping, check the neighborhood paper to get information, listen to the street musicians, etc) Para 5: Plan ahead for some activities in order to find good entertainment at no cost.
On a whole, we can see that the passage is very clear-cut in structure, and we are convinced that with imagination and a spirit of adventure we can get entertainment at no cost at all.
Ⅰ.Guided Writing
Students do the exercise on the Students’ book.
Ⅱ. Workbook:
Students do the exercise on the Workbook.
where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词
where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词。 一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 注：有时point也可以是具体的地点： Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。 The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。 二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。 Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。 五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。 六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job
which,who引导的定语从句教案资料
which, who引导的定语从句 看下面的几个例句： It successfully shows the rich culture which makes Beijing so famous. 它成功地展示了使北京闻名遐迩的悠久文化。 The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min. 我们最喜欢的照片是赵敏照的 先行词是物 It successfully shows the rich culture which makes Beijing so famous. 引导词在从句中作主语 先行词是物 The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min. 引导词在从句中作宾语 由此，我们可以看出：which引导的定语从句修饰的是无生命的东西。which 在从句中的成分是可以作主语，也可以作宾语。 下面我们再看一个句子： 先行词是人 His father is the person who will be most unhappy. 引导词在从句中作主语 由此，我们可以看出： 如果先行词是人，那么定语从句的引导词就可以是who。 注意：当who 在从句中作宾语时，在现代语法规则简化为大多数情况下都可用who了。 如：Do you know Mr Zhang who(m) they like very much? 在先行词是物的定语从句中，一般情况下that和which都可以通用, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。 (1)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不 定代词时。 I am sure she has something that you can borrow. (2).先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. (3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book that he has read (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him. (5)先行词为人和物的组合。 They talked for an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the
where引导定语从句的用法
Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表 示地点 1、We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly、A、which B、as C、why D、where 2、He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car、 A、which B、as C、why D、where 两道题都选where ,但就是case, situation都不就是地点,如何理解？ 在“先行词不就是表示地点的名词”的前提下,如何判断就是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题就是一个高频考点。就就是说,关系副词where 所指代的先行词不只就是表示地点的名词。
用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解,当where 引导定语从句时,它的先行词就就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不就是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请瞧以下几个例句: Other research, where siblings have been asked to say who their mother and father favor, suggests that mothers do tend to show a preference for their first-born son, but fathers often show great affection for their youngest daughters、 1、Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other、请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。
定语从句中that与who的用法区别
定语从句中that与who的用法区别 1. 两者均可指人，有时可互换（包括当先行词为all, anyone, someone等，同时也包括先行词受the only 等的修饰时）： All that [who] heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。 He is the only one among us that [who] knows Russian.他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。 Anyone who [that] is over sixteen is allowed in. 任何超过十六岁的人都允许进去。 It is impolite to turn your back on someone who [that] is speaking to you. 人家跟你说话，你把背朝人是不礼貌的。 2. 但是在下列情况，通常要用that： ①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时： I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad. 我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。 ②当先行词是who时(为避免重复)： Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯？ ③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略)： Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。 3. 但是在下列情况，通常要用who： 当先行词为those 且指人时，英语习惯上要用who 来引导定语从句。如： Those who do not wish to go need not go. 不愿去的人不需要去。 Those who couldn’t walk were carried on stretchers. 那些不能走的人都用担架抬着。 It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。 Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。 The plan was supported by those who wished to listen to more good English. 这计划受到想多听好英语的人的支持。 Let us spend a few moments in silence so that / in order that we remember those who died to preserve our freedom. 让我们默哀片刻，以缅怀那些为维护我们的自由而牺牲了的人们。 注：偶尔也可见到在 who 之后用that 引导定语从句的用例，但相当少见。如： The danger is that people who pay their bills on time will be lumped in with those that don’t. 危险的是那些及时付账的人将会同那些不及时付账的人混在一起。
whose引导的定语从句
whose引导的定语从句是语法重点，也是高考中经常考查的语法内容之一。要学好whose引导的定语从句的用法，应注意以下六个方面。 一、whose为who的所有格，作“某（些）人的……”解，它所指代的先行词必须是人，其引导的定语从句修饰它的先行词，同时它本身在从句中作定语。 This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake．这就是在那次大地震中失去双亲的那个小姑娘。 Mr Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn't been handed in．刘老师要跟那些没交家庭作业的学生谈话。 二、whose也可作which的所有格，作“某（些）物的……”解，它所指代的先行词必须是物，其语法功能同上。 The company whose name was Notco was in Australia．那个名叫诺特可的公司设在澳大利亚。 We live in a house whose windows open to the south．我们居住在一所窗户朝南开的房子里。 三、whose可修饰定语从句中的主语、宾语、介词宾语等不同成分。 Mr King，whose legs were badly hurt，was quickly taken to hospital．金先生的腿受了重伤，很快就被送往医院。（whose修饰定语从句中的主语legs） We shall have to make a decision about Ms King，whose story I've just told you．关于金女士的情况，我刚才已经告诉你们了，我们得对她的事情作出决定。（whose修饰定语从句中的宾语 story） 四、whose既可引导限制性定语从句，亦可引导非限制性定语从句。 The boss in whose department Mr King worked called at the hospital．金先生工作单位的老板到医院来探视。（限制性定语从句） The boss of the company，whose name was Mr Little，told the story．公司的老板叫利特尔，他讲述了这个故事。（非限制性定语从句） 五、由于whose具有兼作who和which的所有格的双重功能，故在指人时可用of whom代替whose，指物时可用of which代替whose。 This kind of book is for children whose native language（＝the native language of whom）is Chinese．这种书是给母语是汉语的儿童看的。 Mr Brown has written a novel whose name（＝the name of which）I've completely forgotten．布朗先生写了部小说，其书名我完全忘了。 I live in a room whose window（＝the window of which）opens to the south. 我住在一间窗户朝南开的屋子里。 六、按英语习惯用法，下列情况中的whose和of whom或of which切不可混用：
非限制性定语从句的引导词
、先行词指人,在句中作主语who: John,who is only five,has an inborn talent for music. (约翰是一外5岁大的孩子,有着天生的音乐才能。) 2、先行词指人,在句中作宾语whom: His wife,whom you met at my home,was a teacher. (他的妻子，就是你在我家遇见的那个，是一位老师。) 3、先行词指物,在句中作主语或宾语which: Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。) 注意：无论先行词指人或者指物,在句中作主语或者作宾语，非限制性定语从句的引导词都不能用that。 4、先行词在句中作定语，无论指人或者指物,引导词都用whose: The girl,whose name is Kate,is the top of the students in our school.(那个女孩是我们学校最优秀的学生，她的名字叫Kate。) The book,whose cover is red,is mine.(封面是红色的那本书是我的。) 5、先行词指物，在句中作时间状语用when： The sports meeting will be put off till next month,when we will have made all the preparations.(运动会将被推迟到下个月，那时我们做好一切准备。) 6、The next day we arrived in New York,where we were inerviewed on the radio.（第二天我们到达纽约，在那里我们接受了电台的采访。） 7、如果先行词作介词的宾语，先行词指人，介词提前的结构是：介词＋whom；先行词指物，介词提前的结构是：介词＋which: President Wilson,with whom he had not the same intimate relations,is treated much less sympathetically.(威尔逊总统与他没有同样的亲密关系，所以就没有被很同情地对待。) The Second World War,in which millions of people were killed,ended in 1945.(第二次世界大战造成数百万人的死亡，于1945年结束。) 8、as也可以引导定语从句，常与such连用： Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.(象你所描绘的那种人现在已经很少见了。) Let's disscuss only such questions as concern us.(让我们只讨论那些和我们有关的问题吧。) 注意：the same that+从句，意思是：正是那一个人或物；the same as+从句，意思是：就像某个人或物： He is the same man that you are looking for.(他就是你要找的那个人。) He is the same man as you met in the street.(他很象你昨天在街上遇见的那个人。实际上并不是那个人。) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.(这就是我昨天丢失的那支笔。) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(这很像昨天我丢失的那支笔。)
初中英语语法 whowhich和that引导的定语从句
初中英语语法who which和that引导的定语从句 初中英语语法who, which和that引导的定语从句 【链接中考】 ( ) 1. Is that the man ______ helped us a lot after the earthquake? (2009浙江杭州) A. whose B. which C. when D. who ( ) 2. Sorry, we don’t have the c oat ______ you need. (2009河北) A. what B. who C. whom D. which ( ) 3. I’ve found some pictures of the most interesting places _______ you can visit during the winter holidays. (2009山东烟台) A. where B. which C. what D. that 【概念】在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，也叫引导词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等，关系副词有where, when, why等。 【关系代词的功能】 关系代词在从句中的功能 that 作主语或宾语(指人或物) which 作主语或宾语(指物，可与that互换) who 作主语或宾语(指人，可与that互换) 【温馨提示】 ◆that和which在从句中作宾语时常可省略。 ◆以下情况的定语从句常用that引导而不用which： (1) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing, anything等时; (2) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时; (3) 先行词被序数词修饰时; (4) 先行词被the very, the only, the last等修饰时; (5) 先行词被all, every, any, little, no等修饰时; (6) 先行词既有人又有物时。 ◆先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置时，只能用which或whom引导。 【语法闯关】用适当的关系代词填空。 1. I prefer shoes ______ are cool. 2. My necklace is not the only thing ________ is missing. 3. These are the best stamps _______ Kate has given me. 4. The building in ______ you live is comfortable. 5. —Is everything ______ we need to do done? —Yes. You needn’t worry about it. 6. The man ______ stands over there is my Chinese teacher. 7. I want to read all the books ______ were written by Guo Jingming. 8. The book ______ has a red cover is a storybook. Key： 【链接中考】1-3 DDD 【语法闯关】
(完整版)whose引导定语从句可以指物
whose引导定语从句可以指物吗 请看下面这道题： I saw some trees __________ leaves were black with disease. A. its B. whose C. his D. the 分析：此题应选B。容易误选A。许多考生认为，关系代词whose和who，whom一样，只能指人，不能指物。 事实上，用作关系代词的whose 与who，whom不一样，它不仅可以指人也可以指物(用作定语)： There are some students whose questions I can’t answer. 有些学生的问题我不能回答。 Can you see the mountain whose top is covered with snow? 你看得见山顶上覆盖着雪的那座山吗? Here is a word whose meaning escapes me. 这里有一个词，我一下想不起它是什么意思了。 当先行词为物时，其后引导定语从句的whose＋n. 也可换成the＋n. ＋of which / of which ＋the＋n.： ■窗户破了的那座房子是空的。 正：The house whose windows are broken is empty. 正：The house the windows of which are broken is empty. 正：The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 但是如果whose所修饰的名词中心词之前有数词或其他限定词，则不用whose，而用of which： There I saw a large table，two legs of which were broken. 在那里我看见有一张大桌子，其中有两条腿断了。
which引导的定语从句的用法
which引导的定语从句的用法 WHICH可以引导定语从句，修饰表示事物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。例如：HEWASREADINGABOOK， WHICHWASABOUTWAR.他正在读一本关于战争的书。（关系代词WHICH在修饰BOOK的定语从句中充当主语。） HEWASREADINGABOOK，WHICHHEHADBOUGHTFROMLONDON.他正在读一本书，这本书是从伦敦买回来的。（关系代词WHICH在修饰BOOK的定语从句中充当宾语。） WHICH引导非限定性定语从句时有一个特殊用法，即它所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰主句中更多的部分甚至整个主句（这时被定语从句所修饰的“先行词”要作广义理解），WHICH仍在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如：HESETFREETHEBIRDSHAPPILY， WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS.他开心地把鸟放了，这是对他成功的一种庆祝。 把非限定性定语从句“WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS”的先行词视为主句中的“THEBIRDS”显然不符合整句的语境，被 “WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS”所修饰的是整个主句，WHICH所引导的这类特殊的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的情况进行某种意义的补充说明，WHICH常可译为“这一点，这件事”。 ［考题1］ YOUCANFINDWHATEVERYOUNEEDATTHESHOPPINGCENTRE， ____ISALWAYSBUSYATTHEWEEKEND.（2006上海春） A.THAT B.WHERE C.WHAT D.WHICH ［答案］D
who是什么从句
关系代词who引导定语从句作句子的主语、宾语。定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导。 who的用法 1.who引导的定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词或代词。例如： （1）The student who is answering the question is John. 正在回答问题的那个学生是约翰。 （2）Anybody who breaks the laws will be punished. 任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。 2.who是主格，在定语从句中作主语，此时不能省略。例如： （1）The person who was here yesterday is a musician. 昨天来这儿的那个人是位音乐家。 在非正式英语中，who亦可作宾语，且可以省略。例如： （2）The man（who）I saw just now is Mr Li.我刚才见到的那个人是李先生。 3.在定语从句中，who在人称、数上和其前面的先行词保持一致。如： Do you know the boy who is standing over there? 你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗？ 4.若先行词中既有人又有物，关系代词用that而不用who。例如： He watched the children and boxes that filled the car. 他看见了塞满汽车的孩子和箱子。
5.若先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词修饰，关系代词用that而不用who。例如： （1）Yao Ming is the best basketball player that I know. 姚明是我知道的最好的篮球运动员。 （2）Tom is the first boy that left the room. 汤姆是第一个离开这个房间的男孩。
介词引导的定语从句 -答案
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。一．介词选择的主要标准 1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配 Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。( to a degree ) The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。( in the play ) The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。( be trained for the job ) 2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配 Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁？( shake hands with sb. ) Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月，东南亚的部分地区发生洪水，人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。(suffer from sth. ) 3.介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配 Ours is a beautiful country , of which we are greatly proud . 我们的国家是一个美丽的国家，我们为之感到很自豪。( be proud of ) The woman to whom Spielberg is married is an actress. 同斯皮尔伯格结婚的女人是一位演员。( be married to ) The woman to whom he was engaged was a doctor. 他与之订婚的那个女士是位医生。(be engaged to ) 4.有时关系代词前用什么介词，要根据句子的意思来决定，此时不但要注意其前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配 I was a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was , she had ran back in the direction from which she had come.看见一位妇女在黑暗中像我走来，我还没来得及认清她是谁，她已经从她来的方向跑回去了。（如果仅注意先行词，很容易受习惯心里的影响而使用in this direction 的搭配，但考虑到语境后的come ，则应该使用from。） He was educated at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University. 他在当地一所高中上学，之后他上了北京大学。（after which 的意思就是“在当地一所高中接受完教育之后”）。 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm. by which time many have got home.在 办公室我好像总是没时间，只有等到下午五点半，而那个时候大家都已经回家了。（此句不能受at 5:30 pm 的通常表达的影响而选用介词at, 而应该依据整个句子的语意来确定介词。）5.表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时，用介词of The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days.这次环球旅行老水手用了9个月，其中航行的时间是226天。 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. 这个工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中的（指50万双鞋）80%销往海外。 I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most of whom
学习由whose引导的定语从句及语法句型
一、学习由whose引导的定语从句 whose 是定语从句中一个常用的关系代词，它是关系代词who的所有格，在从句中作定语，也就是说当先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系，表达“……的”意思时，用关系代词whose 引导定语从句，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物，既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 例：①Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt, was taken to the hospital. 金先生腿受重伤，被送进了医院。 ②They liv es in a room whose window opens to the south. 他们住在一间窗户朝南开的房间里。 whose短语在定语从句中有时可作介词宾语，即构成“介词＋whose＋名词”引导定语从句并在从句中作状语。 例：①The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident. 金先生工作所在的部门领导已经听人说过这一意外事故。 ②He is the student of whose b rother we are always proud. 他就是那个我们总是为他哥哥感到骄傲的学生。 whose引导定语从句时,通常可与of which/of whom引导的定语从句进行转换。 例：①I made a table,the surface of which(of which the surface)is quite smooth. 我制了张桌子，桌面很光滑。 I made a table, whose surface is quite smooth. ②I live in a r oom whose window(the window of which或of which the window)opens to the south. 我住在一间窗户朝南开的屋子里。 ③The professor of whom a daughter(a daughter of whom) has gone abroad is very famous in China. 那位他的女儿已经出国了的教授在国内很有名。 二、语法句型 1 、不定式作目的状语 不定式具有副词的特征，在句中可以作目的状语，修饰谓语动词，表示动作或状态的目的。 例：He came to see me last Sunday. 他上星期天来看过我。 为了强调目的状语，可以用in order to＋动词原形，甚至可以将in order to短语提到句首。 例：①I had to lie to the company and pretend to be a man in order to get a job. 为了得到工作，我不得不对公司撒谎，并装扮成男人。 ②In order to catch the train, I’ll get up very early tomorrow morning. 为了赶火车，我明天将很早起床。 此外还可以用so as to短语来作目的状语，但so as to不能置于句首。 例：She lied to us because she had to so as to( in order to) get a job. 她对我们撒谎，那是因为为了得到工作，她不得不这么做。
who, which引导的定语从句
who, which引导的定语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。它的作用相当于一个形容词。定语从句通常位于它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这一名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词（副词）。这里主要介绍关系代词who与which的用法。 关系代词who（whom）和which均可引导定语从句，who用来指人，而which指物，在从句中充当主语或宾语。请看例句： We shall never forget Mr Li who taught us English in the middle school. 我们永远不会忘记中学时教我们英语的李老师。(who在从句中作主语) The man who(m) you saw last week has left the town. 上周你看见的那个人已离开这个城镇了。（whom也可用who, 在从句中作saw的宾语）【温馨提示】关系代词在从句中作宾语时，常可省略。如： He told a story which moved us deeply. 他讲了一个使我们深受感动的故事。（which在从句中作主语） This is a reason which we must not forget. 这是 （which在从句中作宾语）我们不能忘记的一个原因。
需要指出的是关系代词which和that都可指物，一般情况下可以互换。如： The house which / that you lived in is a very old building. 你住的那个房子是座古老的建筑。 但在下列情况中，通常用which, 不用that。 当先行词有指示代词修饰时。如： The lady did not want that one which smelt terrible. 那位夫人不要气味难闻的那个。 当关系代词前有介词时。如： The room in which my family live used to be a garage.我家住的房间以前是个车库。 当先行词本身为that时。如： That which you told him about is what we want to know. 你告诉他的正是我们想知道的。
定语从句中引导词的特殊用法
一 先行词指物的特殊情况： 一．必须用that的情况： 1. 先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时， eg. This is the first job that I have taken up. This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read. 2. 先行词是不定代词,something somebody nothing anything 等或是all little much 时， eg. There is something that I want to tell you. 3. 先行词被all/ any/ every/ each/ few /little/ no/ some/ much/ only/ none/ both/ either/ neither 等修饰时， eg. I have read all the books that you lent me. 4. 先行词被the only, the last, the very…修饰时, eg. This is the only method we can use. 5. 先行词又有人又有物时， eg. They talked about things and persons that they know in the school. 6. 主句以who 或which开头时， eg. Who is the old man that speak to you just now ? 二、修饰物时只用which不用that的情况 1，引导非限制性定语从句时。例如： Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，这使得他很轻。2，当关系词前有介词时。例如： This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。 3，在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。例如： Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。 4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如： Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。5、先行词为that时。例如： The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。 三、修饰人时只用who不用that的情况 1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如： The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.我最羡慕的是学习勤奋，工作出色的人。
[译林版]四下whose用法解析及练习
whose的用法 一、whose不等于who’s。Whose是who的所有格形式，意为“谁的”，而who’s是who is 的缩略形式，意为“谁是”。但whose与who’s同音，都读作[hu:z]。whose在句中可作表语、定语等。如：Whose is that computer? 那台电脑是谁的？（作表语）Whose sweaters are these? 这些是谁的毛衣？（作定语）whose用来对物主代词及名词所有格进行提问： 1．提问形容词性的物主代词。 如：These are my bananas. →Whose bananas are these? 2．提问名词性的物主代词。 如：That bedroom is Helen’s →Whose is that bedroom? Mr Li’s students are in the classroom.→Whose students in the classroom? These are their sweaters. 这些是他们的运动衫。（针对定语提问） Whose sweaters are these? 这些是谁的运动衫？ This shirt is Kim’s. 这件衬衫是Kim的。（针对表语提问） Whose is this shirt? 这件衬衫是谁的？( 对画线部分提问 ) ___________________________ Those are her trousers. ( 对画线部分提问 ) ____________________________ That cup is her sister’s . ( 对画线部分提问 ) ____________________________ 二、who和 whose 有何不同? 1. who与whose都是疑问代词，用来构成特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句不能用yes和no来回答， 要用完整形式来回答，读时用降调。 who的意思是“谁”，问的是姓名或某人的关系/身份。如： —Who is he ？—He is John ．（问姓名）他是谁？他是约翰。 —Who is she ？—She is our teacher．（问关系）她是谁？她是我们的老师。 当用who提问，不知道是谁和人的数量时，问句的谓语动词常用单数。如： Who isn't at school today？今天谁没到校？ 2. whose一般是就物主代词或名词所有格提问。 1）提问部分作定语时，用“Whose ＋名词＋一般疑问句？”结构。如： It's my shirt．→Whose shirt is it？这是我的衬衫。→这是谁的衬衫？ 2）提问部分作表语时，用“Whose ＋一般疑问句？”结构。如： The shirt is mine．→Whose is the shirt？这件衬衫是我的。→这件衬衫是谁的？ 1.She is a nurse . ___________________________ 2.She is my teacher. ____________________________ 3. It is my coat . ____________________________ 4. The book is Li Hua’s. ____________________________ 5. The new car is my uncle’s . ______________________ 6. Those are our friends . _____________________