九年级上册英语知识点

Book 5复习

Unit 1

一. 重点词：

modern, gold, record, event, close, race, seem, luck (lucky, luckily), tennis, believe, guest, such, able, great, practise, dream, include, age, few

二. 词组：

the Olympics (the Olympic Games) 奥林匹克运动会

long jump 跳远

win the gold medal 获得金牌

break the record 破记录

take turns doing (to do) sth. 轮流做某事

at the same time 同时

jump up and down 欢呼跳跃

set a world record 创世界纪录

catch up with 跟上

put up 张贴

Good Luck! 好运气！

two more times (another two times) 再多两次

give up 放弃

give up (doing) 放弃做某事

believe in sb. 相信某人

do one?s best (to do) 尽力（做某事）

be able to do sth. 能做某事

at the end (in the end, at last, finally) 最后，终于

Dream Team 梦之队

the women?s 10-metre platform. 女子10米跳台

not …any more 不再

one by one 一个接一个

keep doing sth. 继续做某事

practise doing 练习做某事

三. 重点句子及句型

1. They go as fast as they can.

as…as sb. (one) can ＝as …as possible 尽可能地……

as…as中间加原级的形容词或副词。例：

I will work as hard as I can. 我将尽可能努力工作。

He ran as fast as he could. 他拼命地跑。

Please come here as soon as you can. 请尽快来这里。

2. We call the first Olympic Games the “ancient” Olympics.

我们把早期的运动会叫做“古代”奥运会。

call sb. / sth. ＋n. 称呼某人/某物……，后面的名词作宾语补足语。

例：We call the boy DaMao. 我们称呼那个男孩大毛。

类似于这种可以用名词或名词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：

name/call/make/choose/find/think等。例：

We chose him our monitor at yesterday?s class meeting.

昨天班会我们选他当我们的班长。

I find him a clever boy. 我觉得他是个聪明的孩子。

3. It seemed that Zhuang Yong and Jenny Thompson, an American swimmer, had finished at the same time.

看上去好像庄泳和美国游泳选手詹尼·汤姆森同时游完全程。

以下几种方式可以表示“看起来……，似乎……”

It seems that ＋从句

seem to be ＋adj.

seem ＋adj.

例：Danny seemed excited. (Danny seemed to be excited.)

丹尼似乎很激动。

seem to do sth.

例：When his wife?s pet cat died, Alan didn?t seem to care at all.

艾伦妻子的宠猫死了，他好象一点也不在乎。

4. Diving is one of the most popular events at the Olympics.

潜水是奥运会最受欢迎的项目之一。

one of………其中之一，后常加最高级及名词复数。例：

Changjiang is one of the longest rivers in the world.

长江是世界最长的河流之一。

5. Make your country proud. 使你的国家因你而自豪。

proud作宾语补足语，修饰宾语your country；

make的用法：

make the bed 铺床make tea 沏茶

make dumplings 包饺子make a car 制造汽车

be made of 由……制成

make sb. /sth. ＋n. 使某人/某物成为……

made sb. /sth. ＋adj. 使某人/某物如何……

make sb. /sth. do 使某人/某物做某事

名词/形容词/do （不定式，省to），作宾语补足语。

6. …his team came in twentieth. 他的队第二十名。

twentieth 第二十

整十数的序数词，变y为ie加th。例：

ninety→ninetieth fifty→fiftieth

7. We had such an interesting day at school today.

我们今天在学校度过了这么有趣的一天。

这句话也可以说成：We had so interesting a day at school today.

such和so意思都是“如此……/这样……”，但用法不同。

It is so interesting a film that we all want to see it once more.

它是如此有趣的电影，我们都想再看一遍。

Thanks a lot for sending me such beautiful pictures by e-mail!

多谢你用e-mail给我发来这么漂亮的图片。

He is so weak that he can?t work on.

他如此虚弱以致不能再继续工作。

8. If I don?t. I won?t be able to sleep tonight.

如果我不写下来的话，我今晚睡不着觉。

此句是if构成的条件状语从句，要用一般现在时代替将来时。

I?ll go to the park with my friends if it doesn?t rain tomorrow.

如果明天不下雨，我要和朋友去公园。

9. If he practises walking on pizzas, he?ll do better next time.

如果他保持练习在比萨饼上走的话，下次他会表现好一些。

finish, enjoy, practise, keep, mind后常加动名词作宾语。例：

You?d better practise speaking English both in and after class.

你最好在课上课下练习说英语。

四. 语法：直接引语变间接引语。

直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，用来转述别人的话叫间接引语。例：

He said, “He will go to Beijing tomorrow.” （直接引语）

He said that he would go to Beijing the next day.

直接引语变间接引语时时态、人称及一些时间或个别词都要做相应的改变。

①时态：

一般现在时→一般过去时一般将来时→过去将来时

现在进行时→过去进行时一般过去时→过去完成时

现在完成时→过去完成时

* 但真理性的句子时态不变。例：

He said: “The sun rises in the east.”

He said that the sun rises in the east.

他说太阳从东方升起。

②时间：

now→then, last month→the month before.

today→that day, three days ago→three days before.

tonight→that night, tomorrow→the next day.

yesterday→the day before, the day after tomorrow→in two days.

③其它变化：

this→that these→those here→there

come→go

句式的改变：

①直接引语是陈述句加“that”可以省去。例：

He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”→

He said that his sister had been there three days before.

②直接引语是一般疑问句，变成用if/whether引导的宾语从句，人称时态等作相应改变。

Mother asked me, “Did you buy any meat for lunch?”→

Mother asked me if/whether I had bought some meat for lunch.

③直接引语是特殊问句，变成由原来疑问词一样的连接词引导的宾语从句，时态人称等作相应改变。例：

“What do you do?” he asked me.

He asked me what I did.

④直接引语是选择问句变成由whether或if引导的宾语从句。

“Do you like English or Chinese?” He asked me.

He asked me whether I liked English or Chinese.

⑤直接引语是祈使句，根据说话语气变成ask/tell/order warn sb. to do sth.的结构。例：

She said to me, “Stand up.”→

She asked me to stand up.

Father said to his son, “Don?t play football in the street.”→

Father told his son not to play football in the street.

五. 表示祝愿的交际用语：例：

Have a good time! Good Luck! Well done! Congratulations!

Enjoy yourself! Marry Christmas! Happy Birthday!

Unit 2

一. 重点词汇：

tower, thick, whole, weigh, including human farther farthest list, anybody kilo, lift, pull.

二. 词组：

have an idea 有主意

get tired 变累

take turns to do (doing) sth. 轮流做某事

hold a world record 保持世界纪录

something funny 一些可笑的事情

get into a car 上车

more than 多于、超过

be located in/on 位于……

less than 不足，少于

around the world 全世界

all over the world, throughout the world

across the world

work on …从事……在某方面工作

on average 平均

stand on one foot 单脚站立

on record 在记录上

have to (must) 不得不，必须

be late for …迟到put down 放下

live to be …活到多大on island 在岛上

make a list of 做……清单think of 考虑，想起

any other 任何别的，其它的some more 再多一些

write down 写下，记下play the violin 拉小提琴

try to do sth. 尽力做某事try doing sth. 试做某事

be full of 充满……（be filled with…）

by the way 顺便问some day 有一天（将来时）

三. 句式及重点句子：

1. Our class could play soccer for a week without stopping.

我们班同学可以踢一周足球不休息。

without 介词，with的反义词，后加名词、代词或doing形式的动词，有时可以用if从句改写。例：

Without having breakfast, he hurried to school.

他没有吃早饭，匆忙上学去了。

Fish can?t live without water. 没有水鱼不能活。

If there is no water, fish can?t live.

2. That?s very kind of you. 你真是太好了。

还可以说：That?s very nice of you.

3. Wouldn?t we get tired? 我们不会累吗？

此句是否定形式的一般疑问句，常用来表惊讶、责备、赞叹等语气。例：

Isn?t it beautiful? 它不漂亮吗？（It is beautiful！）

注意答语：Yes, it is. 不，漂亮

No, it isn?t. 是的，不漂亮。

Can?t you come earlier? 你不能早来吗？（责备）

4. The Great Wall of China is more than 7,240 kilometres long.

中国的长城长7,240多公里。

It is ＋数字＋单＋形容词是一个固定句式，用来表达某物（人）多高/长/宽/深等。例：The river is 10 metres deep.

这条河深10米。

The old man is seventy years old. 这个老人70岁。

Our room is 5 metres wide. 我们教室宽5米。

通常这样的句子可以用how＋形容词＋一般问句构成特殊疑问句。例：

How wide is your room?

How deep is the river?

5. On average, it weighs more than 26 tons.

平均，它（鲸）重26吨多。

weigh 动词，重……多少。

weight n. 重量。例：

The desk weighs 10 kilos. 这书桌重10公斤。

The weight of the desk is 10 kilos.

The desk is 10 kilos heavy.

6. The average blue whale is about four times as big as the biggest elephant.

平均蓝鲸是最大的大象的四倍。

four times as＋原级＋as 是……的几倍例：

This room is three times as big as that one.

This is twice bigger than that one.

times是倍数，有时也可以当“次数”讲。例：

I have been to the Great Wall twice.

7. Does anyone have any other ideas?

有人有别的主意吗？

any other 用在肯定句中后常加单数名词。

any other 在疑问句和否定句中加复数名词。例：

The boy is taller than any other boy in his class.

这个男孩比他班里任何别的男孩都高。

I don?t want any other oranges. 我不要任何别的桔子。

8. I have some more. 我有更多一些。

some more 更多一些，后加可数或不可数名词。

much more 后加不可数名词

many more 后加可数名词复数

I want many more books. 我想要更多的书。

9. It?s a man who can ride his bicycle backwards while playing the violin.

那是一个能边拉小提琴边倒骑车的人。

while (when) 当……时，时间状语从句。

当从句的主语和主句的主语一致或是it时，在时间、条件、让步从句中且从句中的谓语动词含有be时，则可以省略从句的主语和be。例：

I will go to visit Beijing if (it is) possible.

Although (I am) ugly, I am gentle.

尽管我丑，我很温柔。

四. 重点词组（词）的辨析：

1. have to /must 不得不，必须

have to 强调客观，must强调主观。例：

Mother is ill. I have to look after her.

I must study hard.

have to有时态、人称变化，否定问句结构用助动词。

have to →don?t have to

has to →doesn?t have to

had to →didn?t have to

will have to →won?t have to

must的否定式有mu stn?t和needn?t，must只有一般现在时，needn?t常作否定回答。

You mustn?t eat in class. 上课不要吃东西。

Must I come here so early? 我必须这么早来吗？

No, you needn?t . 不，不必。

2. cost/pay for/ spend …on/in doing / take

花钱常用前三者，花时间常用后两者，句式为：

Sth. costs (sb.) ＋money.

Sb. pays money for sth..

Sb. spends money on (in doing) sth.. 例：

The book cost me ten yuan. 我花10元钱买那本书。

I paid ten yuan for the book.

I spent ten yuan for /(in) buying the book.

take的句式为：

It takes sb. ＋time＋to do sth.. 例：

I spend much time on books.

我花很多时间读书。

I spend much time (in) reading books.

It takes me much time to read books.

五. 表达开心的句子：

How wonderful / nice!

That?s lovely/great/wonderful!

I?m so happy. It?s well done.

I?m pleased to know that.

六. 语法：比较级和最高级。

1. 构成：单音节词和大部分双音节词变化词本身。

例：long→longer→longest

（比较级在词尾加er，最高级在词尾＋est。）

big→bigger→biggest

easy→easier→easiest

多音节词在原形前＋more和most，构成比较级、最高级。例：

beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

interesting→more interesting→most interesting

特殊词：good/well→better→best

much/many→more→most

ill/bad/badly→worse→worst

little→less→least

2. 用法：两者比较用比较级，三者、三者以上用最高级。例：

He is taller than his brother. 他比哥哥高。

He is the tallest in his family. 他在家里最高。

△最高级要有比较范围，常用in或of短语表示。例：

He is the fastest of the three.

三个人中他最快。

Unit 3

一. 掌握的词汇：

money, pay, price, advertising, ad, supply, quite, business, success, example, fat, any other, safe, afraid, board, rent, magazine, own.

二. 词组

make money 赚钱Business Hours 营业时间

pay for为……付款business lingo 商务用语

have a meeting 开会come up to…走近，朝……走来

for sale待售I?m afraid not恐怕不能

go over to…朝……走去give back归还

at lunchtime在吃午饭时Junior High School中学

push a pro duct 推销产品thousands of数以千计

三. 重点句式和句子

1. Why don?t we think of things that our classmates want to buy?

怎么不考虑我们同学想买的东西呢？

Why don?t we（you）+do …？= Why not + do…？

为什么不做……？常用来提出建议。例：

Why not go and see her?

为什么不去看看她呢？

类似提出建议的表示还有：

How about（What about）

Shall we do…？Let?s do…We?d better do…等例：

Why not go shopping this Sunday?

这个礼拜日为什么不去购物？

Let?s go shopping this Sunday.

Shall we go shopping this Sunday?

How （What）about going shopping this Sunday?

2. Suddenly, Danny hears somebody say something.

突然，丹尼听到有人跟他说了些什么。

在感官听觉动词see, watch, notice, look at, hear, listen to等词后，用省略的to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。当变成被动语态时，要恢复to。例：

We often heard them argue next door.

我们常听见他们在隔壁争吵。

I saw him walk into the headmaster?s office.

我看到他走进校长的办公室。

He was noticed to come in the room.

有人注意到他进了房间。

3. Sometimes, business English is hard to understand.

有时，商业英语很难懂。

此句还可以表示为：

To understand business English is hard. 或

It is hard to understand business English.

再例如：

The instructions are easy to follow.

这些说明很容易明白。

It?s easy to follow the instructions.

To follow the instructions is easy.

4. How much does it cost?

它花去多少钱？

此句是用来寻问价钱的，还可以用what?s the price of来表示。

How much does your coat cost?

你的大衣多少钱？

What?s the price of your coat?

5. I don?t think it would be safe to do my homework on a bicycle.

我认为骑在自行车上写作业不是安全的。

It was fun to sell the cookies.

卖甜饼很有趣。

这两个句子都有不定式做主语。其句式为：

It is + n. /adj + to do. 意为做某事如何……例：

It is fun to learn English.

学英语很有趣。

It?s not good to speak when you have meals.

吃饭时说话不好。

6. To hold up posters, maps and other papers.

动词不定式做目的状语。动词不定式作目的状语时，可以将其放于句首，也可以放于句末。例：

To learn English well, he went to England.

为学好英语，他去了英国。

（He went to England to learn English well.）

7. He made his first push-pins by himself.

他自己做了他的第一批图钉。

make sth. by oneself 独自做……，可以表示为：

make sth. alone

He made his bed by himself（alone）

他自己做的床。

8. The Moore family still owns the company and…。

Moore一家仍拥有这家公司……

own，动词“拥有”可以用has“替换”

owner n. “拥有者，物主”。例：

The owner of the house is Li.

这家房子的主人是李。

Li owns the house.

李拥有这个房子。

own还可以作形容词，意为“自己的”，常和形容词性物主代词连用，例：

This is our own room.

这是我们自己的房间。

四. 表示购物的习惯用语。

May / Can I help you?

How many / much would you like?

What colour / size would you like?

I want / I?d like…

How much is it / are they?

That?s too expensive, I?m afraid.

Do you have any other colours / sizes / kinds?

That?s fine. I?ll take it.

五. 语法，条件状语从句，以if引导。

if在英语中可以构成条件状语从句，意为“如果”，也可以构成宾语从句，意为“是否”。例：

I don?t know if he will come tomorrow.（宾从）

我不知道他明天是否来。

If he comes, I?ll let you know.（条从）

如果他来，我让你知道。

*（1）在if构成的条件状语从句中，如果主句是将来时，或祈使句或有情态动词，从句通常用一般现在时。如上面的例句，再如：

He can pass the exam if he studies hard.

如果他努力学习会通过考试的。

（2）if构成的条件从句可以放于句子前面，也可以放于后面。例：

If it rains, I won?t go with yo u.

如果下雨我就不和你去了。

I won?t go with you if it rains.

Unit 4

一. 掌握的词汇：

fever, hospital, nurse, pain, chest, lung, breathe, catch a cold, potato, cheese, butter, move, smoke, terrible, worse, rest, plenty, disease, against, unable, disabled, lucky

二. 词组

deep night 深夜

get dressed穿上衣服

have got （have）a fever发烧

get sick（ill）/ fall ill / sick生病

take the medicine吃药

three times a day一天三次

stay healthy保持健康

be different from与……不同

a balanced diet一个平衡的饮食

the more…，the more…，越……越……

plenty of…许多，大量

No smoking.禁止吸烟。

be unable to不能……

be married（get married）结婚

Not at all.没关系。

catch（a）cold感冒（have a cold）

take out拿出，取出

the next day第二天

stay in bed呆在床上，躺在床上。

三. 重点句型、句子

1. What?s wrong with Danny?

丹尼怎么了？

What?s wrong with…？用来寻问某人某物有什么病或出什么毛病了，也可以表示为“What?s the matter with…？或What?s the trouble?”例：

What?s wrong / the matter with the boy?

What?s the boy?s trouble?

2. I don?t feel well.

我感觉不舒服。

well是形容词，用来指身体好，feel是系词，和well构成系表结构，表示身体状况的还有：feel bad / feel terrible（感觉很差）等。

另外well还常作副词，指做得好。例：

He sings well.

他唱歌好。

He draws very well.

他画画非常好。

3. My head hurts 我头疼。

说有什么病可以用“身体部位+ hurts”或pain或have等词来表示。例：

My stomach hurts.

我肚子疼。

I have a pain in my stomach.

I have a stomachache.

have（got）+病症，常表示得什么病，例：

have（got）a cold / fever / cough / headache

感冒发烧咳嗽头痛

4. Salad is made of fresh vegetables.

沙拉由新鲜蔬菜做成。

be made of由……制成，常用于被动语态，主语为制成物，宾语为原材料。例：

The chair is made of wood.

这个椅子由木头制成。

如果制成物看不出原材料，常用词组be made from。例：

The book is made from wood.

这本书由木头制成。

5. Eating foods from grain gives you vitamins, minerals and fibre.

吃来自谷物的食物给你维生素、矿物质和纤维。

eating不可以改为eat，因为动词不可以作主语，所以用eating形式，即动名词，动名词（或短语）作主语时动词用单数形式。例：

Taking exercise helps you keep healthy.

运动帮你保持健康。

6. The more you move your feet, the more healthy you will be.

你越爱运动，你就会越健康。

越……，就越……，常用“the +比较级，the +比较级”结构。

前者是状语从句，后者是主句，如果主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时。例：

The more, the better.越多越好。

The more food he eats, the fatter he will be.

他吃得越多，就越胖。

7. He has been away for three days now!

他已经三天没上学了。（离开三天了）。

be away，离开，不在，是leave的延续词，类似的还有：

catch a cold（结束性）→have a cold

fall ill（结束性）→be ill 例：

He has caught a cold.他感冒了。

He has had a cold for a week.

他感冒一周了。

He fell ill last Friday.

他上周五病了。

He has been ill for five days.

他病五天了。

8. I rested and drank plenty of water.

我休息而且喝很多水。

plenty of许多，大量，相当于lots of或a lot of，后可加可数名词复数或不可数名词。

He has plenty of time to watch TV.

他有很多时间看电视。

There are plenty of shops on either side of the street.

街两面有许多商店。

9. Could you open the door for me?

请为我打开门好吗？

Would （wiu/, Could）you + do…？用来表示请求对方为自己做某事。would / could / will 不表时态。

Would / Could you go and get me some chalk?

去给我拿些粉笔来好吗？

10. She is unable to do many things.

她不能做很多事情。

unable不能的，un-表示前缀，表示否定。例：

happy →unhappy不开心的，fair→unfair不公平的

此句可以表示为：

She can?t do many things.

She is not able to do many things.

11. I?m feeling much better.

我感觉好多了。

much相当于a lot，常用来修饰比较级，还有even, far, a little, a bit等也可以放于比较级前，而very, too, quite, so, much too等常用来修饰原级。例：

On Monday I felt very bad, but now I feel much better.

周一我感觉很差，但现在感觉好多了。

四. 交际用语，表达“看病”的句子。

What?s wrong with you?

How are you feeling?

It?s nothing serious.

You?ll recover soon.

Take some medicine three times a day.

It can make you feel better.

I don?t feel well.

It hurts here.

I feel terrible / bad.

I?ve got a pain here.

I?ve got a headache / cough / fever / cold.

五. 语法：并列句

由并列连词but, and, or, so, while等构成的并列句，例：

He helps me and I help him.

He was ill, but he still worked on.

He likes cooking while his wife likes travelling.

Unit 5

（一）要掌握的词汇

life （lives）, save one?s life挽救某人的生命

all one?s life一生，一辈子

mind n. 头脑，精神

v. 介意

mind doing 介意做某事

century n. 世纪

anyone pron. 任何人，无论谁

southwest adj. 西南的southwestern

produce v. 出产，生产

spare adj. 空闲的

nothing 不定代词，没什么

develop v. 发展，培育，使形成（devoloped , devoloping , development）super adj. 超级的，优良的

blind adj. 失明的

deaf adj. 聋的

greatly adv. 非常，很

northern adj. 北方的，北部的

war n. 战争

kill v. 杀死

peace n. 和平peaceful （adj.）和平的

soldier n. 战士，士兵

blood n. 血

（二）掌握的词组

1. succeed in ... 在……取得成功，相当于be successful in ...

2. be different from ... 与……不同，相当于be not the same as

3. on one?s own靠某人自己，相当于by oneself

4. be famous for ... 因……而出名，相当于be well-known for ...

be famous as ... 作为……而出名

5. Theory of Relativity 相对论

6. the hundredth time 第一百次

7. make a mistake 出错误

8. the rest of ... 其余的

9. have a dream 做梦

10. graduate from ... 毕业于

11. come up with an idea 想出一个主意

12. devote ... to ... 致力于……

13. because of ... 因为……

work on ... 从事……

14. day after day 日复一日

15. set an example 树立榜样

16. at the age of ... 在……年龄时

17. have a high fever 发高烧

18. between ... and ... 两者之间

19. at first 最初，首先

20. do one?s best to do ...尽力做某事

21. first aid 急救

22. the Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争

23. operate on sb. 给某人做手术

24. die of ... 死于

25. make an example 举例子

26. in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代

（三）句式

1. It is said that Professor Yuan is one of the richest people in China.

It is said that ... 据说……，相当于People say that ...

例：It is said that the boy has joined the army.

据说那个孩子已经参军了。

2. The grain of this new type of rice would be as big as peanut so that farmers could rest in the cool shadows of big rice plants.

这种新水稻的粒子将会和花生一样大，以便农民可以在这种水稻的阴凉下休息。

as ... as ... “和……一样”，表示程度相同的比较。

This box is as big as that one.

这个箱子和那个一样大。

so that 表示目的，译为“以便……，目的是……”。

He stood on a chair so that he could reach the top of the tree.

他站在椅子上以便能够够到树的顶部。

（四）语法：被动语态

1．英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态

主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。

当我们强调谁是某个动作的执行者，即“谁做了某种事情”时，用主动语态。

eg: Daniel bought a new computer 丹尼尔买了一台新电脑。（不是别人）

如果主语不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者时，就是被动语态。

eg: A new computer was bought by Daniel 一台新电脑被丹尼尔买了。

被动语态的谓语由be + 动词的过去分词构成，其中be是助动词，随时态改变。

一般现在时的被动语态由“am / is / are ＋动词的过去分词”构成。

一般过去时的被动语态由“was / were ＋动词的过去分词”构成。

2．被动语态的用法：

当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。

eg: Rice is grown in South China. 华南种植水稻。（没必要说明是谁种）

This bridge was built 100 years ago. 这座桥是100年前建的。（不知道谁建的）

P assive voice with …by?

在被动语态中，如果我们也要把动作的执行者表达出来的话，我们就在被动句子的后面，用“by+动作的执行者（宾格）”来表示。

e.g. Jack broke the window. （主动语态）

The window was broken by Jack. （被动语态）窗户是被杰克打碎的。

Meals are cooked by her mother at home. 在家饭是她母亲烧的。

The book was written by him several years ago. 这本书是他几年前写的。

3．难点：

1）. 当一个含有复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的句子变为被动语态时，只能把宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾补还放在原来的位置。

e.g. We call him Xiao Wang.--- He is called Xiao Wang.

He cut his hair short.--- His hair was cut short.

2）. 带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，常常把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语；如果直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for.

e.g. Someone gave the boy an apple.-- The boy was given an apple.

An apple was given to the boy.

His mother bought a present for him.--- He was bought a present.

A present was bought for him.

3）. 在let, hear, watch, see, help, have 等词的句子中，主动语态不加to, 被动语态要加to.

e.g. The boss makes us work 12 hours a day.--- We are made to work 12 hours a day.

They heard the children sing that morning.--- The children were heard to sing that morning. Unit 6

（一）掌握的词汇

accident，actor，careful，serious，patient，safety （safely，safe），rule，stop，height [hait] ，careless，bathroom，instead （instead of），soap，edge，warn （warning），save

（二）掌握的词组

pretend to do sth. 假装做某事

have an accident 出事故

be mad at sb. 对某人生气（be angry with ...）

take care of 照顾（look after）

Be careful! 当心。（Look out!）

Come down! 下来。

fall on top of ... 落在……上面

get out of 下车

in a hurry 匆忙

stop ... from ... 阻止某人做某事

put out 扑灭

the poor 穷人

on (at) the edge of ... 在……边缘

higher and higher 越来越高

leave one alone (by oneself) 把……单独留下……

warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事

（三）句式

1. Why don?t you pretend to be Jenny?s friend?

为什么你不假装Jenny的朋友呢？

Why don?t you do ...? （Why not do ... ?）

Why don?t you go to see him tomorrow?

为什么你不明天去看他呢？

2. Don?t be scared.别害怕。

此句是祈使句，由系词be开头，后常加形容词，构成系表结构。

例：Be careful! 当心！

Be quick! 快点！

否定形式在句首加don?t。

例：Don?t be late for school!上学别迟到。

Don?t be nervous!别紧张。

3. Shall I call an ambulance?

我可以叫救护车吗？（我叫救护车好吗？）

Shall I (we) do sth ... ? 我（们）做……好吗？

用来表示请求，自己所做的事情征得对方的意见，是否同意。

例：Shall I get you some water?

我给你打点水好吗？

4. There is something wrong with my arm.

我的手臂有毛病。

There is something wrong with sb. or sth. 某人某物有毛病

There is something wrong with my watch.

我的手表坏了。

否定式为：There is not anything wrong with ... .

There is nothing wrong with ... .

5. It took me three months to recover.

我用了三个月时间恢复。

It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费多长时间做某事

it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式“to do sth.”。

take 随时态改变，sb. 用宾格。

例：It took me two hours to clean my house yesterday.

我昨天用了两个小时打扫房子。

It will take me another two days to finish the work.

完成这项工作我还要两天时间。

（四）语法：祈使句

表示命令、叮嘱等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句省略主语，以动词原形开头，常加please 表示客气。常有以下三种结构：

（1）行为动词开头。例：

Sit down, please. (Please sit down.)

Come here.

Go there.

（2）系词be开头。

Be careful!

Be silent.

（3）Let开头。例：

Let?s do it at once.

Let him do it.

注：（1）祈使句的否定式在句首加don?t。例：Don?t speak in Chinese.别用汉语说。

Don?t be here so early.别来这太早。

（2）在祈使句前可以加never或always。Never climb up too high. It?s dangerous.

Always come on time. 总是准时。

Always be polite to others. 总是对人礼貌。