中考主谓一致常考考点共9页

中考主谓一致常考考点共9页
中考主谓一致常考考点共9页

中考主谓一致常考考点

主谓一致是指句子的主语与谓语动词在人称和数方面保持一致。在判断谓语与主语是否一致时,我们主要可以通过其语法形式是否一致、意义是否一致和是否符合就近原则三种情况进行分析。

语法形式一致

1. 当主语是v-ing(动名词短语)形式、不定式(短语)或者一个句子时,从语法形式上看是单数形式,所以谓语动词通常用单数形式。

例:When and where to hold this class meeting ____ yet.

A. are not decided

B. have not decided

C. is not decided

D. has not decided

分析:答案选C。不定式(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

2. 当“one of + 复数名词”或者“many a + 单数名词”作主语时,从语法形式上看是单数形式,因此谓语动词通常用单数形式。

例1:Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks. 许多船只毁于那些礁石之上。

例2:One of the students _____ go to the sea for summer holiday. (2001陕西)

A. wants to

B. want to

C. would like

D. are going

分析:答案选A。“One of + 复数名词”作主语,意思为“……中的一个”,所以谓语动词用单数。

3. 一些复数名词表示的是由两个相同的、不可分割的部分组成的一件东西。当这样的词作主语时,它的语法形式是复数形式,因此谓语动词

通常也要用复数形式。常用的这类名词有:trousers、pants、glasses、scissors等。

例:Where are my trousers?我的裤子在哪儿?

值得注意的是,如果这些名词之前有数量词修饰时,谓语动词的数则由数量词的单复数来决定。

例:There is a pair of scissors on the table. 桌子上有一把剪刀。

分析: 名词前有量词a pair修饰,是单数形式,所以谓语动词要用单数形式。

意义一致

1. 主语含“and”

一般情况下,当and连接两个或两个以上的名词或者代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

例:The teacher and his student are talking in English now. 这位老师正在用英语和他的学生交谈。

分析: And连接了两个名词:the teacher和his student,主语是两个人,是复数,因此,谓语动词也要用复数形式。

但是下面的情况比较特殊,需要注意:

1) 当主语结构为“the/a/an + 单数名词 + and + 单数名词”的时候,表示主语是一个人(身兼两职),故谓语动词用单数形式。

例:The teacher and novelist is working now. 这位老师兼小说家正在工作。

分析:主语是一个人,这个人身兼老师和小说家双重身份,所以谓语动词用单数,仍符合意义一致的原则。

2) 当主语结构为“the/a/an +单数名词 + and + the/a/an + 单数名词”的时候,表示主语是两个不同职位身份的人,所以谓语动词用复数。

例:The singer and the dancer ____ coming to our party soon. (2003山东)

A. are

B. is

C. will

D. is going to

分析: 答案选A。主语是两个不同身份的人(一位歌手和一位舞蹈家),所以谓语动词用复数。

3) 当and连接的两个主语被each、every、no修饰的时候,谓语动词用单数的形式。

例 1:Every minute and every second is precious. 每一分、每一秒都弥足珍贵。

分析: 主语虽然是and连接的两个名词,但是从意义上来看,是强调“每一分、每一秒”,这里“每”代表的是单数意义,相应的,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。

例 2 :Each boy and each girl ____ asked to come here.

A. are

B. is

C. be

D. have

分析: 答案选B。And 连接的两个主语被each 修饰的时候,强调的是每一个个体,表示的是单数意义,因此,谓语动词也要用单数,所以答案是B。

4) 主语为“both...and...”结构时,表示的是复数意义,谓语动词

用复数形式。

例:Both Kate and I _____ ready for the picnic now. (2003 青海)

A. is not

B. is getting

C. are getting

D. am getting

分析: 答案选C。Both...and...并列两个名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。

5) 当集合名词cattle、people、police等作主语的时候,它们本身指代的就是整体意义,谓语动词用复数形式。但family、class、team等集合名词作主语时,如果将其作为一个整体看待,则谓语动词要用单数形式;如果就其中的成员而言,谓语动词则必须用复数形式。

例1:The police haven't arrived yet. 警察还未到。

分析: 集合名词police在此处指代的是“警察”这个整体,表示的是一个集合概念,因此,谓语动词也相应的用复数形式。

例2:A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win. 热情高涨的团队多半会取胜。

分析: 强调“这支队伍”,是一个整体概念,故谓语动词用单数。

例 3 :The team were talking over some new plays. 这支队伍的队员们正在讨论一些新的比赛技巧。

分析:强调其中的成员,故谓语用复数。

2. “The +形容词”作主语表示某一类人的时候,表示的是一个集合的概念,谓语动词要用复数。

例1 :The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富人变得

越来越富,而穷人变得越来越穷。

例 2 :The old are a part of the society. 老人是社会的一部分。

3. 主语由表示度量、距离、金钱、时间、书名等的复数名词充当时,通常将其看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。

例1:Three feet is not long enough. 三英尺不够长。

例2:A hundred miles is a long distance. 一百英里是一段很长的距离。

4. 某些以“s”结尾的名词表示单数概念,作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。这些名词有:

* 表示信息:news

* 表示地理位置(或国家名) :United States

* 表示学科:maths、physics、politics 等等。

例:No good news ____ in this newspaper.

A. is

B. are

C. shall be

D. were

分析:答案选A。主语news表示的是单数概念,谓语动词用单数。

就近原则

当连词连接两个或两个以上的名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的单数形式取决于最靠近谓语的主语。

中考中常考的要用到就近原则的连词有:

一个“否定”:“neither...nor...”

三个“选择”:“or...”、“either...or...”、“not...but...”

还“有”一个“不但……而且……”:“there be”、“not

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