造纸原理与工程英文复习题

填空：

纸是一种特殊的材料，是由（主要是植物纤维）和其他（如胶料、填料、助剂等非纤维添加物质）交织结合而成的、具有的特殊薄张材料。

The paper and paperboard can be devided into 4 grades according to the industrial and consumer purposes, , , , .

The paper and paperboard manufacturing technologies can be classified into

and 。

打浆的主要任务是：1）。

2）。

打浆对纤维的作用包括：细胞壁的位移和变形、初生壁和次生壁外层的破除、吸水润胀、细纤维化、切断、产生纤维碎片、使纤维扭曲、卷曲、压缩和伸长以及半纤维素的溶解。

纤维的结合力包括4种，1）2）3）4）。打浆的主要目的之一就是增加，从而提高成纸的强度。

氢键结合的条件是：1）；2）。

The parameters of effect refining are:,,,,.

The parameters of the quality control for the refining process should include：、、、、、。

贮浆池的形式有卧式和两种，现多用浆池。

卧式浆池可分为和。

Please list 4 types wet end chemicals: , , , .

施胶是使纸和纸板具有的能力。

Sizing chemical additives are designed for providing paper and paperboard with resistance , , and .

纸和纸板的施胶包括：、和双重施胶。

and are the two major sizing agents for the alkaline papermaking system.

荧光增白剂的增白机理是：。

荧光增白剂可用于、或。

造纸增干强剂，如、、。

在造纸过程中，是细小组份留着的主要机理。

造成流送系统中周期性的压力脉冲主要是由和引起的。

纸料中存在的空气，其中以的空气对纸料性质影响最大。

纸料的除气方法，包括、。

The objectives of wet pressing are: 1）2）3）.

Hornification can be expressed by , it determines the paper machine speed and paper properties.

There are two types of dewatering, and .

controlled pressing means that the dryness increases with higher pressure.

controlled pressing means that there is a need of time to get higher dryness.

The web transfer can be divided into two groups: and .

The types of presses include plain roll type, , , blind drilled press roll, fabric press, .

The unit of bulk is , the 、and of the paper can be improved if bulk of the paper is improved.

The conditioning of press clothing in the press can be divided into a number of groups: 、、、、lubricating showers.

名词解释：

游离状打浆：

黏状打浆：

打浆比压：。

细小组份：

高强微湍流：

供浆系统的压力脉冲：

Press impulse：

Twosideness:

判断改正：

Fiber cutting is usually considered undesirable because it results in slower drainage and loss of strength.

As refining is increased, the pulp sheet becomes more bulky because of the increased porosity.

The lower pH of the stock, the easier refining process can be made.

填料的留着是机械截留和胶体吸附综合作用的结果，并以机械截留作用为主。

填料的留着，颗粒较大的填料是靠胶体吸附作用而留着，颗粒较小的填料是靠机械截留作用而留着。

Flow controlled pressing means that the dryness increases with higher pressure.

Pressure controlled pressing means that there is a need of time to get higher dryness.

At a fixed dryness level of wet web, the roll press can produce higher bulk than shoe press.

Shoe press can generate 4 times nip width than the conventional press roll, so shoe press has more retention time in the press nip.

A increase of 10℃yields an increase 1%-point in solids content after the press nip.

问答题：

以氢键结合理论为基础阐述纸页强度形成过程。根据此图，论述打浆与纸张性质的关系。

对比AKD和ASA施胶剂的异同。

纸张加填的作用是什么？

根据此图绘制供浆系统工艺流程图。

What is the press impulse? And how to improve the press impulse in the press section?

答案

填空：

1 The objectives of wet pressing are: 1）to remove water 2）to consolidate the web 3）to improve the sheet quality.

2 Hornification can be expressed by Water Retention Value, it determines the paper machine speed and paper properties.

3 There are two types of dewatering, pressure controlled and flow controlled.

4 Pressure controlled pressing means that the dryness increases with higher pressure. Flow controlled pressing means that there is a need of time to get higher dryness.

5 The web transfer can be divided into two groups: open draw and closed transfer.

6 The types of presses include plain roll type, suction roll, grooved roll press, blind drilled press roll, fabric press, shoe press.

7 The unit of bulk is m3/kg, the stiffness、caliper and printablity of the paper can be improved if bulk of the paper is improved.

8 The conditioning of press clothing in the press can be divided into a number of groups: high-pressure showers、press nip conditioning、suction boxes、chemical cleaning、lubricating showers.

名词解释：

Press impulse：The product of nip residence time and nip pressure is called press impulse. Twosideness: Different degrees of surface roughness on both sides of the sheet.

判断改正：

1 Pressure controlled pressing means that the dryness increases with higher pressure.

2 Flow controlled pressing means that there is a need of time to get higher dryness.

3 At a fixed dryness level of wet web, the roll press can produce higher bulk than shoe press.

4 Shoe press can generate 4 times nip width than the conventional press roll, so shoe press have more retention time in the press nip.

5 A increase of 10℃yields an increase 1%-point in solids content after the press nip. √

问答题：

1 Explanation four phase wet pressing mechanism (Vertical dewatering).

In phase 1, the compression begins. Air flows out of both sheet and felt until the sheet is saturated; no hydraulic pressure is built up.

In phase 2, the sheet is saturated and the buildup of hydraulic pressure causes movement of water from paper into the felt. When the felt also reaches saturation, water moves out of the felt. Phase 2 continues up to the mid-nip, where total pressure reaches maximum. It has been shown that the hydraulic pressure reaches a maximum prior to mid-nip.

In phase 3, the nip extends until the fluid pressure in the paper is zero; this corresponds to the point of maximum paper dryness in the nip.

In the phase 4, both the paper and felt expand and the paper becomes unsaturated. Although a negative hydraulic pressure is created in both structures, the vacuum is greatest in the paper, causing a flow of water to return from felt to the paper.

2 What is the press impulse? And how to improve the press impulse in the press section? The product of nip residence time and nip pressure is called press impulse.

One is to improve the linear load, the higher linear load, the more water is taken out. The other is to improve the nip residence time. The nip residence tine is dependent on the nip width and machine speed. Paper machine speed is not normally used as an active variable for optimizing press section operation. This leaves nip length as the only parameter to affect the nip residence time. In the so-called wide nip presses, the nip has been made considerably longer than in conventional roll press nips. There are two main principles of forming a wide nip: Using high-diameter rolls with soft cover or a roll and a shoe to form a nip.