2011年职称日语60篇阅读短文中新增加的9篇短文及译文

2011年职称日语60篇阅读短文中新增加的9篇短文及译文
2011年职称日语60篇阅读短文中新增加的9篇短文及译文

2011年职称日语60篇阅读短文中新增加的9篇短文及译文

2011年职称日语60篇阅读短文中新增加的9篇短文及译文

11

11译文

梨树是蔷薇科的落叶乔木,到了梅花和樱花花季过后的5-6月,就开出了雪白的梨花。梨园覆盖着盛开的梨花,简直象雪原一样。在中国,把梨花开成一大片的样子比喻成白云,称作“梨云”;把花谢后落满一地的样子叫作“梨雪”。据说唐朝的玄宗皇帝为杨贵妃建了一个戏班子,让他们在种有梨树的宫庭里学习音乐和戏剧,称其为“梨园弟子"。在日本,因这个故事,现在仍使用"梨园”这个词专指歌舞伎行业。

梨大体分为洋梨、中国梨、日本梨三个系列。历史上,哪一种都自古被栽培,经过各种各样的改良,成为今天的样子。据史料记载,日本在公元七世纪末,持统天皇为了解决当时的食品不足问题,发出了栽培梨树的诏令。应该在那以前就进行过栽培。说起果实的特征,洋梨吃的时候口感柔软,中国梨和日本梨质硬,脆甜。洋梨长成圆形,而日本梨长成圆锥形。梨含有的天门冬酰胺酸有疲劳恢复的效果,而称为山梨糖醇的糖分不会提高血糖值,这也是众所周知的。

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40译文

日本生长着多种植物,场所不同,植物的扩展也不同。把这种植物的扩展叫做植物的分布。平地上的植物分布,根据温度的不同从南向北变化。但温度由于地面的高度而不同,每升高100米大约降一度。因此,随着从海岸向高山的移动,生长的植物也不同。于是,把植物随着地面高度不同而变化的分布称为垂直分布。

日本中部地区太平洋一侧的富士山,到500米的高度称为低地带,能看到橡树、椿树;1500米左右称为低山带,有栗树、白桦树。1500-2000米是亚高山带,有铁杉等。再高就进入了高山带,生长着伏松、杜鹃这样的灌木,再往上就成了被称为花圃的美丽的高山植物草原了。但是,在九州和四国地区的山上,植物分布的交界线高得多,到2000米左右都是低山带。在东北、北海道地区,植物分布的交界线比中部低得多。

44

44译文

现代日本能看到的漫画产生于明治时代(十七世纪后叶),最初是报纸漫画。从近似于讽刺画的漫画开始,发展到现在大多数日刊报纸登载的漫画。

重视故事性的漫画也在第二次世界大战前产生。主要面向少年的关于演艺明星的漫画获得口碑。这些漫画中,二战后最被大众接受的是长谷川町子的“海螺小姐"。

战后漫画繁荣的先驱者是手冢治虫,他第一次把电影手法引入漫画。漫画的读者第一次以孩子为主。但到了20世纪60年代,“剧画"产生,因其写实性的画及社会性的题材,以大学生为中心的成人读者增加。此后很多漫画家大胆探索,产生出不仅具有娱乐性,也具有艺术价值和文学价值的作品。这些作品被翻译后在海外也受到欢迎。

现在日本出版物的年发行量为77亿册,其中30%是漫画;每年新增刊物4万份,漫画占10%,尤其以剧画风格居多。周刊杂志中有些能卖出500万部。

在今天,漫画是报纸和杂志不可缺少的内容,连企业的公司宣传小册子也在利用漫画。

45

45译文

据说现代日本70%以上是恋爱结婚,此外还有相亲结婚。

日本从江户时代实行相亲,并产生夫妻。相亲就是由第三者(中间人)介绍,为希望结婚的男女牵线。两人相互观察对方,判断是否看上对方为结婚对象(相亲)。此时双方的父母一般会参加,决定之后是否交往,结婚。这是介绍没有相互交往的男女认识的有效手段,对交际范围狭窄的人,是找到好对象的有效方式。

中间人不是把这个作为职业,是由于好心或者作为服务。乐于助人的年长者居多。

相亲结婚的好处在于,人生经验丰富的中间人看清双方的条件,让适合成为结婚对象的人结合,婚后也能成为交谈对象。因为有第三者理性的判断,介绍,结婚后两人不会合不来,离婚率也低。

恋爱结婚对象有同学校,同单位的人,地区活动,兴趣小组的朋友,比自己先工作或晚工作的人,甚至他们的兄弟姐妹等各种各样的情况,

52

52译文

不是因为收集,我家有很多钟。买的钟只有一只,就是挂在墙上的模拟型的钟。数字大,看得清,不大有钟慢或停的事,声音很静,所以我和妻子都很喜欢。

其它的钟不是自己想收集而买来的,是安装在录象机,电磁炉,全自动洗衣机上的,一秒一秒变换数字,是那种数字型的钟。这类钟相当不安稳。光看就焦急。妻子连烤面包时都要说“等30秒"啊,“再15秒"之类。似乎要判断面包是否烤好了,时钟比自己眼力更重要。我在看电视时,目光马上向那些数字看去。看到“7:58"变成“7:59”了,就想:“啊,过60秒就8点了吗?"以前一分一秒这么短的时间不是问题,最近甚至对这些不所谓的事也过于在意时间了。

前几天,因事故公寓停电5分钟,只是短短的5分钟,过后就惨了。来电时,准确的只有墙上的挂钟和我的手表。我和妻子为了调准家里的钟,非常辛苦。为了用于宝贵时间的钟,反而耗掉了时间。这样为什么要有钟呢?我不明白。象这样被钟影响的生活从什么时候开始的呢?

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56译文

据说非洲的沙漠正以每天15米的超常速度在扩展,绿荫覆盖了3000年的美丽土地,因1970年开始的急速沙漠化,现在已完全被沙掩埋了.引起这个沙漠化的不是别人,正是我们人类自己.人们砍树,让家畜吃草的速度和数量超过了草木自然发芽生长的速度和数量.

在亚洲各国,由于人们砍树,破坏森林,引起了自然环境的变化.没有绿荫的土地,下一点雨,地表的土就会被冲走,冲到河底使河变浅.其结果,每年都发生大洪水.

也不能无视包围地球的空气问题.人们生活中产生出的二氧化碳和一氧化碳升高气温;从汽车和工厂排出的废气污染空气,这些污染的空气也和自然破坏有关.可怕的酸雨产生,树木和农作物枯萎,土地的其它东西也被破坏.在酸雨污染的河,湖,鱼不能生存.在鱼和植物都不能生存的地球,人当然也不能生存.人如果只考虑自己,就会把地球变成连自己也不能居住的地方.有些国家为了人们生活得好一点,就尽量推进工业化,把地球的绿荫变成能源不断消耗掉;也有些国家伴随人口增加,为了人们的生活而砍伐树林.显然哪个都会带来自然破坏.

关于地球环境问题的国际会议到处都在开,报纸和电视都报道这些新闻,如果现在不赶快制定某种对策解决,环境破坏不断扩大,就要耽误了.是否保护这个重要的地球,使之成为适宜居住的场所,就看我们的努力了.

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58译文

包运东西时,日本人使用叫做“包袱皮"的方便的布。

包袱皮是正方形的布,有各种尺寸,但一般是70到90公分左右。颜色,花样,布匹也有各种各样。

祝贺结婚和生子时,使用颜色鲜艳的布。

平常是用棉和化纤的布,不太用绢的包袱皮。

包袱皮开始叫做“ひらつづみ",从17世纪末开始叫做包袱皮了。

这和澡堂的流行有关系。当时男女都穿了浴用内衣洗澡,包湿内衣和其它衣服的布就是包袱皮。

不久,商业变得盛行,因为包运商品相当方便,很多人开始使用包袱皮了。而且不仅是买卖时,日常生活的各种时候,各种场所都开始使用。

现在去购物,为了方便带回家,店员用纸把买好的商品包好,装入塑料袋。几乎没必要带着包袱皮去购物了。

所以,现在很少使用包袱皮了。

59

人の毛は、胎児期の二カ月末ごろに頭毛から発生し始め、四-五カ月頃にほぼ全身の毛の発生が完了します。このごろの毛は、生毛と呼ばれる透明なごく細い毛です。生毛は胎内で生え変わり、軟毛と呼ばれる色の薄い細い毛になります。通常、出生時に存在する毛は軟毛と考えられています。色の薄い、細く柔らかい軟毛は、身体の発達に伴い、徐々に色の濃い、太く硬い長く伸びる硬毛に変わります。毛が生毛、軟毛、硬毛と変わることを毛の生理的転换といいます。軟毛から硬毛へ転换する時期は部位によって差があり、頭毛、眉毛は生後一年ぐらいのうちに、ひげや腋毛などは思春期のころに硬毛に転换するといわれています。しかし、子供の成長は、一人ひとりで違いがあるように、毛の成長においでも、毛の伸びる速度や軟毛か硬毛に転换する時期にはちがいがある。出生直後から黑々とした髪が多く見られる子供もいれば、3歳になったころでも、七五三の髪飾りが付けられないほど少なめの頭髪量の子もいます。頭全体に発毛がみられ、眉毛、睫毛が正常ならば、大多数は成長に伴い、小学生になるころには同年代の子供と同程度の量になると考えられ、心配ありません。

59译文

人的毛发,在胎儿期第二个月末开始生出头发,四-五个月左右,全身的毛基本上都长出来了。这个时候的毛称做生毛,是透明的极细的毛。生毛在胎内生长变化,变成叫做软毛的浅色细毛。通常出生时存在的毛认为是软毛。浅色细软的软毛伴随身体的发育,慢慢地变成深色、又粗又硬又长的硬毛。把毛的生毛,软毛,硬毛的变化过程叫做毛的生理性转换。从软毛向硬毛转换的时间根据身体部位有所差别。据说头发,眉毛在出生后一年内、胡须和腋毛之类在青春期,转换成硬毛。但是,就象孩子的成长每人都有所不同一样,毛的生长也在生长速度和转换成软毛或硬毛的时期上有所不同。既有出生后就能看到很多黑发的孩子,也有头发量少到不能做七五三发饰的孩子。要能看到头上的全部毛发,眉毛、睫毛都正常,大多数人要到长大才行,读小学后就与同年纪的孩子有同样多的毛发了,不用担心。

60

アジアを旅していると、人間とは、步く動物なのだということがよくわかる。

たとえば夕方、高原のまん中を車で走っていると、遠くに一人、ポツンと人が步いている。もう何時間も走っているのに人間の姿なんてどこにも見えなかった。地図を調べてみても、人間が步いて行けそうな距離には村なんて

ない。それなのに人が步いている。荷物らしい荷物も持たずに、頭に何かをのせただけで、ただただ歩いている。

ヒマラヤをチベット高原の方まで步いていく人もある。気が遠くなるほどの数の峠を越えていく。人一人がやっと步いていけるような細い道だ。みんな裸足で步いているからガラスや金属のかけらなんてどこにも落ちていない。水たまりには、人の步幅で石が置かれていて、步く人に心づかいされた道である。

生きるということは、步くことなんだ、というくらいの勢いで、どんどん步いていく。中には家具全部を持って步いている人もいる。すべての家具が持てるほどの大きさにまとめられ、休憩するときにはその荷物を一本の杖の上にのせてしまう.「ああ、家一軒が杖の上にのってしまうんだな」と思わず感嘆してしまった。

家をまるごと背負って移動してしまえる人々の身軽さ、自由さを思うと、私たちが背負っている現実の家なんと重いことだろう。驚くほど多量の家具にかこまれて、私たちは暮しているのである。

60译文

在亚州旅行就会明白:所谓人,就是走路的动物。

例如在黄昏,驱车行驶在高原腹地,会看到远方一个人在顽强地行走。已经走了好几个小时却看不到人烟。即使查一下地图,方圆若干里都没有村庄。但是,人还在走。没带象样的行李,只是把什么东西顶在头上,一个劲地走。

走过喜马拉雅到西藏高原的人也有。要越过无数山峰,走只能容一个人行走的小路。大家光脚走路,路上不会有玻璃和金属碎片。水坑里,按人的步幅放有石头,是一条让行人担心的路。

活着就是走路,以这样的执着不断地走。其中还有人带着全部家具在走。把全部家具收拾成能带走的大小,休息时把那些行李放到一根杖上,让人不由得感叹:“啊,把一个家放到杖上了啊!"

想到背负整个家移动的人们的轻便,自由,就反思我们背负着现实的家很重吧。被多得让人吃惊的家具包围,这就是我们的生活。

完整20篇初中英语小短文带翻译

1 Dogs People often say that a dog is man's best friend. Over thousands of years, man has taught his dogs to do many kinds of work besides guarding the home. For example, sheepdogs are famous for their ability to control a flock of hundreds of sheep. Dogs have been used to aid disabled people for centuries. A guide dog can lead its blind owner. Nowadays, dogs can be taught to turn on light switches, open refrigerator doors and dial the telephone for their disabled owners. For the majority of people, however, dogs are simply pets and friends for both young and old members of the family. guard 看守,看护sheepdog 牧羊犬flock 群aid 帮助 disabled 残疾人century 世纪guide dog 导盲犬dial 拨majority 大多数 狗 人们总是说狗是人类最好的朋友.几千年来,除了看家外,人类还教会了狗去做许多其他的事,例如,牧羊犬就因其可以控制数百只羊的羊群而出名. 狗用来帮助残疾人已有好几个世纪了.导盲犬可以为盲主人引路.现在,人们还教狗为残疾主人打 开电灯、开冰箱和拨电话.然而,对于大多数人来说,狗只是家里老人和孩子们的宠物和朋友. 2 Detective Work A bank robber stole a lot of money. He was caught and sent to prison, but the money was never found. When he came out of prison, they watched him to see what he would do. Here is the detective, reporting to the inspector. Yes, sir, I found Johnny . I followed him all around the town, but frankly, I couldn't make anything out of what he bought. Here's the list. shirt , heavy crowbar, box of chocolates , shovel, heavy hammer, bunch of flowers .The inspector said, Good. That helps me a lot. Do you remember how we watched him helping his neighbor, old Mrs. Judson to cover her backyard with cement? detective 侦探的侦探robber 强盗,盗贼prison 监狱 inspector 检察官frankly 坦白地,真诚地crowbar 铁撬,撬棒 shovel 铲,铁铲hammer 铁锤,锤子backyard 后院cement 水泥 侦探工作 一个盗贼从银行偷了很多钱.他被抓住送到监狱,但是钱没找到. 我发现了,先生,是的“侦探正向检察官报告:,这不.看他会做什么,他被监视,当他从监狱出来时.强尼?阿米塔基,我跟着他转遍了全镇,但坦白说,我不能从他买的东西中推断出什么.这里是清单.”衬衫、大铁撬、一盒巧克力铁铲、大铁锤、一束花. 检察官说:“好,这对我很有帮助.你还记得我们看到他是怎么帮他的邻居,贾德森老太太用水泥铺院子的吗?” 3 What is Time? (Nursery Rhyme) Time is grain for peasants. Time is wealth for workers.

英语小短文10篇(带译文)

四年后的约定 The Deal in Four Years Last night, my friends and I went back to the primary school. We walked around the school and talked about the funny things that happened at that time. We were going to college soon, so we would be apart soon, b ut we were happy about our future school life. Suddenly, an idea came a cross my mind, I said to my friends that we could make a deal about fou r years later, we would graduate at that time. My friends were so excited about it, they agreed with me. So we made the deal that four years late r, we got together here. I started to think about what I would become fo ur years later, maybe a teacher, or a businessman. The deal helps us to have a chance to keep in touch with each other. I am so looking forward to carrying out it. 昨晚,我的朋友们和我一起回到了初中的校园。我们走了一圈校园,说起了在那个时候的趣事。我们很快就要上大学了,因此我们即将分离,但是我们对将来的校园生活感到高兴。突然,我的脑海中出现了一个主意,我对朋友说我们可以定一个四年后的约定,那时候我们也毕业了。朋友们很兴奋,同意我的想法。因此我们约定四年后,在这里相聚。我开始想象四年后的自己会变成什么样子,或许老师,或许商人。这个约定让我们有机会和彼此保持联系。我期待着实现这个约定。

英语作文带翻译初二3篇

英语作文带翻译初二3篇 我们的母语是汉语,但是英语作文的写作使用的是英语,我们也可以把英语作文翻译成汉语,下面是给大家整理的英语作文带翻译初二3篇,供你参考! 初二英语作文带翻译篇1女排精神The Spirit of Wome's Volleyball Chinese women's volleyball team once achieved great honor in the last century, their spirit of never giving up inspired so many people. But during the last decade, as the old volleyball players retired and the new ones were not stronger enough, the team met difficulty. While winning an important match announced their return. 中国女排曾经在上个世纪取得了极大的荣誉,她们永不放弃的精神激励了很多人。但在过去的十年中,由于老一代排球运动员退役了和新人还不够强,团队遇到了困难。然而在赢得了一场重要的比赛后,女排宣布了她们的回归。 Last night, Chinese women's volleyball team had an very impotant match against Brazil team in the Rio olympic games. The hope to win was very very little, because Brazil team was such strong, they were the champion of last two

小学英语阅读短文【小学英语阅读小短文带翻译】

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