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点击查看马克思主义基本原理参考答案

三.简答

1.如何理解人民群众范畴?简述人民群众推动历史发展作用。

答.人民群众是指推动历史的发展。人民群众是一个历史范畴，在不同国家或同一国家的不同历史时期有不同的内容。我国现阶段**内容是：包括知识分

子在内的工人阶级和广大农民，始终是推动我国先进生产力发展和社会全面进

步的根本力量;一切赞成、拥护和参加社会主义建设的社会集团及拥护社会主义和赞成祖国统一的爱国者，也都属于群众的范围。在社会变革中出现的民营科

技企业的创业人员和技术人员、受聘于外资企业的管理技术人员、个体户、私

人企业主、中介

组织的从业人员、自由职业人员等社会阶层，都是中国特色社会主义的建

设者，因而都属于**范畴。

人民群众推动历史发展的作用，主要表现在以下三个方面。第一，人民群

众是物质财富的创造者。第二，人民群众是精神财富的创造者。第三，人民群

众是实现社会变革的决定力量。

2.为什么说社会主义是走向社会主义的必经之路?

答. 社会主义社会是走向共产主义社会的必经阶段共产主义社会是人类历史上最美好和最理想的社会制度，但是，实现共产主义的物质的和社会的条件，只能在社会主义阶段的长期发展建设过程中逐渐形成。依据共产主义社会发展

两阶段原理，人类社会的发展，只能从资本主义社会首先过渡到社会主义社会，而不能超越社会主义这个历史阶段。社会主义社会是共产主义社会的低级阶段，是走向共产主义高级阶段的必由之路。

3.资本主义经济危机的实质和根源是什么?

答. 资本主义经济危机是在资本主义经济发展过程中，周期性爆发的生产

过剩危机。经济危机期间最根本的现象和典型特征是商品生产过剩。其他许多

现象，如商品滞销、物价下跌、生产下降、工厂倒闭、工人大量失业等等，都

是直接或间接地由生产过剩这个根本特征所引起的，都是生产过剩在社会经济

生活各方面的具体体现。经济危机的根本特点是商品生产过剩，但并非与劳动

者的实际需要相比的生产绝对过剩，而是与劳动者有支付能力的需求即与劳动

者的货币购买力相比的相对过剩。因而，资本主义经济危机实质上是生产相对

过剩的危机。

5.简述意识的本质?

答;意识指社会的精神生活过程，它具有复杂而精微的结构，由诸多因素和层次构成。从反映社会存在的程度和特点来看，社会意识包括社会心理和思想

体系;各种思想体系由于对经济基础的关系不同和反映社会存在的方式不同，可以分为意识形态和非意识形态两类;从社会意识主体的范围来看，可以分为个体意识和群体意识。

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29. 胃食管反流患者定期——BARRETT食管 30. 外科治疗肝硬化门脉高压重点——治疗和预防出血 31. 腹部闭合伤导致腹膜炎最晚的——回肠 32. 急性阑尾炎/阑尾尖端指向——腹肌紧张度增加 33. 急性胰腺炎血清淀粉酶——48小时 34. 肾盂结石静脉造影显示右肾积水功能正常首选——药物治疗 35. 判断疝是否绞窄依据——疝内容物是否有血循环 36. 需要治疗的无症状菌尿——糖尿病 37. 肥皂刷手需将上肢——10cm 38. 男性充盈尿失禁——前列腺增生 39. 引起急性尿潴留病因——良性前列腺增生 40. 红斑狼疮最有价值抗体——抗核抗体 41. 慢性肾脏病继发甲旁抗——高磷血症 42. 确诊反流性食管炎——食管酸检测异常 43. 胆碱酯酶复活剂——与阿托品

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TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013) 1. According to the conversation, an example of “Christmas trimmings” could be A. presents. B. fruits C. sauce D. meat 2. A Christmas lunch would include all the following EXCECT A. roast turkey B. sweet potatoes C. meat D. carrots 3. Why did Helen come to Rob?s house? A. She wanted to talk to Bob. B. She had come to help Bob. C. She had been invited to lunch. D. She was interested in cooking. Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. 4. Why did the woman phone the club? A. She wanted to know more about it. B. She was a new comer and felt lonely. C. She wanted to learn a new language. D. She was interested in social activities. 5. We learn from the conversation that the club A. mainly organize language activities. B. accepts members from local students. C. has been set up for a long time. D. is increasing its membership. 6. According to the conversation, the woman might come to practice German on A. Wednesday. B. Tuesday. C. Monday. D. Friday. 7. What is the man going to do after the conversation? A. Call up the woman for her address. B. Wait for the woman to call him again. C. Mail the woman some information. D. Wait for the woman to pick up a form. Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. 8. According to the woman, what actually makes her job difficult? A. Difficult questions from interviewees. B. Embarrassing requests from interviewees. C. Lack of professional background. D. Lack of interviewing skills. 9. The woman uses all the following adjectives when talking about attending job fairs EXCEPT A. prospective. B. useful. C. important. D. tiring. 10. We learn from the conversation that the woman A. works better at job fairs. B. prefers honest people. C. often works on her own. D. is experienced in her work. SECTION B PASSAGES In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. 11. According to today?s weather forecast, which part of Europe has dry weather? A. Scandinavian mountain. B. Northwestern Europe. C. Northern Europe. D. Southern Europe. 12. In which part of Europe does the weather stay both fine and cool? A. Southern Europe. B. Northern Europe. C. Eastern Europe. D. Northwestern Europe. 13. In which region will the weather change tomorrow? A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean. B. Eastern parts of the Mediterranean. C. Central parts of the Mediterranean. D. Southern parts of the Mediterranean. Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage you will be given 20 14. According to the passage, what benefit can technology bring to people? A. Closer contact with modern devices. B. Greater changes in social organization. C. Better understanding of mass media. D. More useful information to better their life. 15. The speaker questions about everybody?s access to technological advances. The main reason is A. illiteracy. B. poverty. C. food shortage. D. ignorance. 16. According to the UN plan, all the following will be achieved within ten years EXCEPT A. giving everyone a radio or TV.

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