高中英语语法精讲——被动语态
高中英语语法精讲——被动语态
一.被动语态的构成形式
1.被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为(常用九种时态:
1 am/is/are+done(过去分词一般现在时
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2has/have been done现在完成时
例All the preparations for the task have been complet ed,and we're ready to start.
3am/is/are being done现在进行时
例A new cinema is being built here.
4was/were done一般过去时
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5had been done过去完成时
例By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6was/were being done过去进行时
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7shall/will be done一般将来时
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8should/would be done过去将来时
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9shall/will have been done将来完成时(少用
例The project will have been completed before July.
10should/would have been done过去将来完成时(少用
例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式
1带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the bab y-sitter.
2有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthda y.
3当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,noti ce,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3.非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
二、如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语。
例My bike was stolen last night.
2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3.为了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was im mediately recognized by people.(一个主语就够了
三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expe ct,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+t hat从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有:
It is said that…据说,It is reported that…据报道,It is b elie ved that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is wel l known that…众所周知,It is thought that…大家认为,It is suggested that…据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,s ell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won't lock.(指门本身有毛病
The door won't be locked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因
2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen,last, take place,break out,come out,come about,come true,run out, give out,turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例How do the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable.
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义
1.在need,want,require,bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例The house needs repairing(to be repaired.这房子需要修理。
2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The pictur e-book is very worthy to be read.
3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。
试比较:I’ll go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted?(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。
4.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常
用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy, fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
例This problem is difficult to work out.(可看作to wor k out省略了for me.
5.在t oo…to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例This book is too expensive(for me to buy.
6.在there be…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。
例There is no time to lose(to be lost.(用to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁lost time不明确。
7.在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,le t等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例Who is to blame for starting the fire?
六、介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。
1.“under+名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:und er control(受控制,under treatment(在治疗中,under repair(在修理中,under discussion(在讨论中,under construction(在施工中。
例The building is under construction(is being construct ed.
2.“beyond+名词”结构,“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有:beyond belief(令人难以置信,beyond one’s reach (鞭长莫及,beyond one’s control(无法控制,beyond our hope.我们的成功始料不及。
例The rumour is beyond belief(=can’t be believed.
3.“above+名词”结构,表示“(品质、行为、能力等超过……、高于……”。
例His honest character is above all praise.=His honest character cannot be praised enough.
4.“for+名词”结构,表示“适于……、为着……”。如:for sal e(出售,for rent(出租等。
例That house is for sale.(=That house is to be sold.
5.“in+名词”结构,表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有:in print(在印刷中,in sight(在视野范围内,等。
例The book is not yet in print.(=is not yet printed
6.“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事……中”。常见的有:on sal e(出售,on show(展出,on trial(受审。
例Today some treasures are on show in the museum(= are being showed.
7.“out of+名词”结构;表示“超出……之外“,常见的有:out of control(控制不了,out of sight(超出视线之外,out of one’s reach(够不着,out of fashion(不流行等。
例The plane was out of control(can’t be controlled.。
8.“within+名词”结构,“在……内、不超过……”。
例He took two days off within the teacher's permissio n.
七、被动语态与系表结构的区别
当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作;作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时,be后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词。其区分办法如下:
1.如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结构。
例The glass is broken.(系表结构
The glass was broken by the boy.(被动语态
2.如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态。
例The door is locked.(系表结构
The door has already/just been locked.(被动语态
3.被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,还可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。
例The machine is being repaired.
二、如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语。
例My bike was stolen last night.
2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3.为了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was im mediately recognized by people.(一个主语就够了
三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expe ct,report,
say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that 从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有:
It is said that…据说,It is reported that…据报道,It is b elieved that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is wel l known that…众所周知,It is thought that…大家认为,It is suggest ed that…据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,s ell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won't lock.(指门本身有毛病
The door won't be locked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因
2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen,last, take place,break out,come out,come about,come true,run out, give out,turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例How do the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable.
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义
1.在need,want,require,bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例The house needs repairing(to be repaired.这房子需要修理。
2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The pictur e-book is very worthy to be read.
3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。
试比较:I’ll go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted?(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。
4.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy, fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
例This problem is difficult to work out.(可看作to wor k out省略了for me.
5．在too…to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例This book is too expensive (for me to buy.6.在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例There is no time to lose（to be l ost）．（用to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁l ost time不明确。）7.在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介词in,on,under 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动
词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1.“under+名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）,u nder treatment（在治疗中）,under repair（在修理中）,under discussion（在讨论中）,under construction（在施工中）。例T he building is under construction(is being constructed.2．“be yond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：b eyond belief(令人难以置信，beyond one’s reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one’s control（无法控制），beyond our hope．我们的成功始料不及。例The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t b e believed）．3.“above+名词”结构,表示“(品质、行为、能力等超过……、高于……”。例His honest character is above all prais e．=His honest character cannot be praised enough．4．“for +名词”结构，表示“适于……、为着……”。如：for sale(出售,for r ent（出租）等。例That house is for sale.(=That house is t o be sold.5．“in+名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内，等。例The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed 6．“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事……中”。常见的有：on sale(出售，on show（展出）,on trial（受审）。例Today some treasures are on show in the museum(=are being showed.7．“out of+名词”结构；表示“超出……之外“，常见的有：out of control(控制不了，out of sight（超出视线之外），out of one’s reach(够不着,out of fashion(不流行等。例The plane was out of co ntrol(can’t be controlled．。8．“within+名词”结构，“在……内、
不超过……”。例He took two days off within the teacher's per mission．七、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其
区分办法如下：1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例The glass is broken．（系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy．（被动语态）2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例The door is locked．（系表结构）The door has already/just been locked．（被动语态）3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。例The machine is being repaired．
(英语)高考英语被动语态练习题及答案
（英语）高考英语被动语态练习题及答案 一、单项选择被动语态 1．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year. A．is washing away B．is being washed away C．are washing away D．are being washed away 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 本题考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。解题步骤：1. 确定谓语单复数：根据quantity的用法，quantities of和a quantity of后面都可加不可数名词与可数名词复数，但它们作主语时，quantities of...后面的谓语动词用复数，而a quantity of...的谓语动词用单数，故排除A、D项。2. 确定第二空：随着森林的被毁，土壤正在被冲走，故应该用现在进行时的被动语态。句意：随着森林的被毁，大量的优质土壤每年都被冲走。综上，故选D项。 【名师点拨】 quantities of和a quantity of后面加可数名词复数，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；quantities of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；a quantity of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用单数形式。https://www.360docs.net/doc/b89868265.html,rge quantities of money have been sent there大量的钱已经被送到那里；A large quantity of money has been wasted.大量的钱已经被浪费；2.A large quantity of books have been offered to us.大量的书已经提供给我们； Quantities of nuts are on the table.大量的坚果在桌子上。 2．—Are we about to having dinner? —Yes, it ________ in the dining room. A．serve B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——我们准备去吃饭吗？——是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供应。it是指饭菜，和动作serve之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 3．To my ________， he was not a little ________ at the news that he had won the first prize in the English speech contest, for he thought that he didn't perform so well. A．astonishment；astonishing B．astonished；astonishing C．astonishment；astonished D．astonish；astonishment 【答案】C 【解析】
高中英语被动语态讲解及练习含答案
一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 4） was/were done 一般过去时 5） had been done 过去完成时 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态与完成时态) 。 例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。 1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by 短语)。 例My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。 例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练(一倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. A. the game had begun B. the game began
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. had he made D. he had made 8. --- What happened to his new car? --- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.
高中英语语法被动语态
被动语态 一、语态的基本概念和种类 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句，谓语动词被动语态的句子叫被动句。一般来说，主动语态侧重于行为者，被动语态侧重于动作的对象或动作本身。如：主动句：They built this bridge.他们修的这座桥。 被动句：This bridge was built by them.这桥由他们建造。 二、' 三、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。 英语主动语态的时态共有十六种，而被动语态只有十种。 四、主动语态变被动语态 主动语态转换成被动语态分三步走：第一步是将主动语态中的宾语放在句首，第二步是将主动语态中的谓语变成被动形式，第三步是将主动语态中的主语放在被动句的谓语之后，在前面再加上介词by，引出动作的执行者。简言之，主动语态变被动语态时，主语与宾语交换位置，谓语变为被动形式，执行者前加by。 主动语态：We speak Chinese. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) （ Chinese is spoken by us. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) 主动语态转换成被动语态分三种情况： 第一种句型：主语+谓语+宾语，主语与宾语交换位置。例如： I sent an email last night.昨天夜里我发了一封电子邮件。（主动结构） An email was sent (by me) last night.一封电子邮件昨天夜里（由我）发出了。（被动结构） 第二种句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语，将其中任意一个宾语与主语交换位置。例如： … My parents bought me a new computer.我的父母亲给我买了一台新电脑。（主动结构） A new computer was bought for me.有人给我买了一台新电脑。（被动结构） I was bought a new computer.有人给我买了一台新电脑。（被动结构） 第三种句型：主语+谓语+复合宾语，将其中的宾语提到句首，而将宾语补足语仍留在原来的位置。例如：
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17
(一) 倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. 17
A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17
高一英语被动语态
高一专题系列一被动语态 ●学而时习 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。 ●知识点精讲透析 ●考点一主动语态“变性”被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： (1) 将主动句的宾语变为主语，如果主动句的宾语是代词，需变为主格。 (2) 将动词改为“be+过去分词”，be与新主语的人称和数一致，时态不变。 (3) 将主动语态的主语前加by放在谓语动词后，如果原主语是代词，要变为宾格。如： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held（by them）yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。昨天举行了一个会议。 They won’t forgive me. → I won’t be forgiven by them. 他们不会原谅我的。我不会被他们原谅的。 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： (1) 主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”等，变为被动句时，通常删去“by…”，除非强调原主语。如： They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975. 这所医院建于1975年。 Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成这项工作。→ The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。 (2) 含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式，但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. (3) 含有宾语+宾语补足语的句子，变成被动句后原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语了；注意：不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，变成被动时要加上to。 I heard Emily sing the song just now. → Emily was heard to sing the song just now. 我刚才听见艾米莉唱这首歌了。 (4) 含有宾语从句的主动句变为被动句，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，把宾语从句后置。 We have determined that the plan should be carried out soon. It has been determined that the plan should be carried out soon. 我们决定这项计划必须马上实施。 (5) 双重被动结构: 当某人或物成为两次动作的承受者时，要用双重被动结构。如： Parents often ask their children to do too much homework. The children are often asked to do too much homework. Too much homework is often asked to be done by the children.
高中英语被动语态专题讲解与练习(可编辑修改word版)
Grammar Review the Passive Voice(复习被动语态) ★被动语态的基本形式: 英语中的被动语态由be done(vt.的过去分词) 构成。其人称、数和时态的变化通过be 的变化表现出来的。以实义动词do 为例，在常见时态中，其被动语态的基本形式如下： ㈠谓语动词的被动语态 注 get lost/ married/ paid/ hurt/ burnt/ broken/ drunk/ killed drowned/ cheated/ separated/dressed/ injured 等等。
looks taste feels eg: ① How did you get lost in the mountain ？ ② They got married two months after their first sight. ㈡ 非谓语动词的被动语态 ★ 主动语态表被动意义的情况： ① 感官动词, 系动词 feel, look, taste, smell, sound ， 动词 read ，write ，sell, wash, clean, lock, dry, wear 等表主语的属性特征； 表示开始，结束，运动的动词 begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等; 用作谓语时，句子主语含有被动关系，但并不表示动作被执行，故不需用被动语态。如： 1. W hat he said 2. T he water in winter to be reasonable. cold. 3. W hatever my mother cooks delicious. 4. Y ou hairstyle vary fashionable. 5. T his pen writes well. 6. T he door won’t lock. 7. T he red coat of mine washes well. 8. T he shop closes at 10 o’clock every morning. 9. T he meeting ended in an friendly atmosphere. ② sb./sth. + be+ adj. to do , 此句中不定式 to do 与主语 sb./sth. T he text is easy to understand. (The text is easily to be understood.) T he water here isn’t fit to drink. ③ 少数动词如 print, build, cook, hang, make T he book is printing. 这本书正在排印中。 proved
高中英语语法专题精讲精练-动名词解析
动名词 《语法讲解》 一、动名词的句法功能 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。(一)、作主语 1）直接位于句首做主语。 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。 〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数 2）用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 式）。 3）动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。 Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。 （二）、作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 *某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stan d, put off, give up等。如： Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？ She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。 Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it （形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）. I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？ *形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。（2）作介词的宾语 *能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out,
高中英语被动语态专项练习---有答案
被动语态专项练习 一、选择题（2×15=30分） ( ) a new library _____ in our school last year A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )（棉花）____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( ) far, the moon ____ by man already. ? A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( ) talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( ) many trees ____ this year A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( ) lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( ) ___ this kind of computers______ --Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( ) Great Wall ____ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( ) _____ this book _____ A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( ) story _____ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( ) monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( ) school bag ___ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( ) people ____ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( ) teacher ______ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两 ．．．．．．．．． 个方面噢 ．．．．) 's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．
高中英语被动语态讲解与练习1
被动语态 一、被动语态的基本构成 一般时is/am/are + done (现在) was/were + done (过去) will/shall be done (将来) 进行时is/am/are +being done (现在) was/were +being +done (过去) 完成时have/has +been +done (现在) had been done (过去) 练习： 1) Visitors ___________ (request) not to touch the exhibits. 2) All the preparations for the task_______________(complete), and we're ready to start. 3) Look, a new cinema _____________(build) here now． 4) I _____________ (give) ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5)By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ______________(complete) in Beijing. 6) A meeting ___________________(hold) when I was there. 7) Hundreds of job_____________ (lose) if the factory closes. 8) The news ____________________(send) to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9) The project ____________________(complete) before July. 10）He told me that his new clothes ____________________(make)very soon. 11）The baby ____________________(take care of) by the baby-sitter. 应该由保姆照顾 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 二. 主动语态与被动语态的转换 1. 主+谓+宾结构： Rowling wrote Harry Potter. ___________________________________________. The government supported the research. _____________________________________. No one has ever beaten her at tennis.________________________________________. We didn’t notice anything special in his work. __________________________________. 1.主+谓+间宾+直宾： His mother gave him a present for his birthday. _____________________________________________. My uncle bought me a new computer. _____________________________________________________. ______________________________________________________. Our teacher offered us many suggestions to reduce pressure._____________________________________. __________________________________________. 注意: 加to或者for She told me when the project would start. ______________________________________. 2.主+谓+宾+宾补： People call this team a cheer-leading squad. _____________________________________. 注意：在使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, look at, watch, notice,observe, hear, listen to, feel,help等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.__________________________________. 3.表示“据说，相信，认为，期待”等动词后含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句，如； We know that he is the best dentist in the town. _______________________________________________. 重点拓展：It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。 三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1.不及物动词的主动语态表被动意义。 （1）可用来表示主语内在“品质”“性能”的不及物动词：break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，常与well/ badly/easily/smoothly搭配。 １
2021-2022年高考英语语法精讲精练专题八动词的时态和语态
2021年高考英语语法精讲精练专题八动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。时态（tense）是一种动词形式，同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态，英语中有16种时态。《xx年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项：（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时；此外还列了被动语态，并将其作为单独一项。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查了动词arrive的一般过去时arrived；第71题（短文改错）考查了think变为过去时thought；第75题（短文改错）考查了被动语态，删掉been；第79题（短文改错）考查了将动词过去时的found变为现在时的find。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题（语法填空）考查了allow的一般过去时的被动语态was allowed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将过去时had变为现在时的have；77题（短文改错）考查了将using变为被动used。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了remove的一般现在时的被动语态are removed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将动词goes变成一般过去时went。 各种时态构成表：（以do为例）
一、一 般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数 1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。 （1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes （2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：car ry→carries （3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches， finish→finishes
高中英语语法(2)-被动语态
第二章被动语态（一） 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。 A. 十种常见时态的被动语态 1. 一般现在时 主动语态：do 被动语态：amisare done We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。 Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。 Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗 2. 一般过去时 主动语态：did 被动语态：waswere done We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。 Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？ How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱？ 3. 一般将来时 主动语态：willshall do 被动语态：willshall be done We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。 The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 The work will be done immediately. 这工作将马上做。 Will the school sports meeting be held next week？校运动会将在下星期举行吗？ When shall we be given a lecture on the Internet 什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座？ 4. 一般过去将来时 主动语态：would do 被动语态：would be done We told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。 We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。 He said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。 She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。
高三英语被动语态专题复习
高三英语被动语态专题复习 英语有两种语态：主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态是由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、单复数、时态的不同而变化。 二、常见时态的被动语态（以下讲解以动词do为代表） 1. 一般现在时主动语态：do 被动语态：am/is/are done We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom _________________________ every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 Such songs _______ usually _______ by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。 Russian _______ not ________ in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。 2. 一般过去时主动语态：did 被动语态：was/were done We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom ____________________________________ yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。The window ____________________________ by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。 ______________ many trees _____________ on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？ 3. 一般将来时主动语态：will do 被动语态：will be done We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。 The classroom ________________ soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 The work _______________ immediately. 这工作将马上做。 4. 现在进行时主动语态：am/is/are doing 被动语态：am/is/are being done We are cleaning the classroom now. 我们现在正在打扫教室。 The classroom _____________________ now. 教室现在正在被打扫。 A hospital ______________________ in the centre of the town. 镇中心正在兴建一家医院。 5. 过去进行时主动语态：was/were doing 被动语态：was/were being done We were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。 The classroom _________________ this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫。 The teaching plan _______________________ at that time. 那时正在讨论教学计划。