常用地质学英语词汇.

常用地质学英语词汇.
常用地质学英语词汇.

2. GEOLOGY地质

2.1 LITHOLOGY CASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION ORDER 岩性分类与描述顺序2.1.1 Rock Types 岩石类型

Sedi Sedimentry 沉积岩

clas clastic 碎屑岩

ss sandstone 砂岩

mdst mudstone 泥岩

sh shale 页岩

clyst, clst claystone 粘土岩

sd sand 砂

mSsd medium sandstone 中砂岩

fsst fine sandstone 细砂岩

bldr boulder 卵石

pbl pebble 卵石

grl gravel 砾石

cgl conglomerate 砾岩

gywk graywacke 硬砂岩

cbl cobble 大鹅卵石

ark arkose 长石砂岩

grnl granule 粒砂

brec breccic 角砾岩

bioc bioclastic 生物碎屑岩

vcrs sst very coarse sandstone 极粗砂岩

argl argillite 泥板岩

gyp gypsum 石膏

anhy anhydrite 硬石膏

slt salt 盐岩

flint-lingite 隧石

carbonate 碳酸盐岩ls limestone 灰岩,石灰岩dolo dolomite 白云石

dolst dolostone 白云岩

mrls marlstone 泥灰石

coq coquina 贝壳灰岩

biosp biosparte 生物亮晶灰岩

biomi biomicrite 生物微晶灰岩

clcar calcarenite 灰屑岩,钙屑灰岩

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clclt calcilutite 泥屑石灰岩

micr micrite 微晶灰岩

clcrd calcirudite 砾屑石灰岩clslt calcisilitite 粉砂屑石灰岩grst grainstone 粒状灰岩

oolitic limestone 鲕状灰岩

Igneous Rock 火成岩

intrusive igneous 侵入岩

extrusive igneous 喷出岩volc colcanic 火山岩

grt granite 花岗岩

dr diorite 闪长岩

grdr grano diorite 花岗闪长岩qu dr quartz diorite 石英闪长岩dr po diorite porphyrite 闪长玢岩

syenite 正长岩gab, gb gabbro 辉长岩

qu po quartz porphyrite 石英玢岩

an andesite 安山岩

bas basalt 玄武岩

arag aragonite 纹石,霞石

Meta Metsmorphic rock 变质岩

phyl phyllite 千枚岩

sl slate 板岩

sch schist 片岩

mbl marble 大理岩

gne gneiss 片麻岩

qtzt quartzite 石英岩

novac novaculite致密石英岩2.1.2 COL Color, Colour 颜色blk black 黑色

brn brown 棕色

yel yellow 黄色

gy, gry grey 灰色

or orange 橙色,桔色bl blue 蓝色

gn, grn green 绿色

wi, wht white 白色

pnk pink 粉红色

pl purple 紫色

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lav lavender 浅紫色,淡紫色

bf buff 浅黄色

tn tan 棕黄色

choc chocolate 褐色

och ochve 褐色,黄褐色

olv olive 橄榄色

crm cream 奶油色

mott motted 杂色,斑点

vocl varicoloree 杂色的

amb amber 琥珀色

lt light 淡的

dk, drk dark 暗的

cc color code 颜色代码

2.1.3 Hardness 硬度

VHD very hard 非常硬

MHD middle hard 中硬

H hard 硬

SFT soft 软

VSFT very soft 非常软

2.1.4 Roundness 磨圆

sharp angular 尖棱状angle angular 棱角状subangle subangular 次棱角状

subrnd subround 次圆状

rnd round 圆状

well round 磨圆好

2.1.5 Grain Size Terminology 颗粒大小术语(see app. Table (见附表

2.1.6 Sorting 分选

go good 好

f fair 一般

md medium 中等

pr poor 差

c coarsely 粗造

2.1.7 Cementation 胶结,胶结物

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cp compact 胶结致密

dns dense 胶结密实

well well 胶结好

lse loose 胶结疏松

sdy are sandy arenaceous 砂质

sdy sandy 砂质

mdy are mudy argillaceous 泥质

ethy earthy 泥质

cly clay 粘土质

cal, calc calcarous 钙质

si siliceous 硅质

lim limy 灰质

kao kaolin 高岭土质

carb carbonaceous 碳质的

qtzc quartzitic 石英质

quartzizose 石英质的nac nacreous 珍珠质2.1.8 Accessories of Rock 岩石的次要成分min mineral 矿物

accessary mineral 次生矿物qz, qtz quartz 石英mic, mica micaceous 云母

musc muscovite 白云母

biot biotite 黑云母

srct sericite 绢云母

fld feldspar 长石

orth orthpclase 正长石

plag plagioclase 斜长石

gab gabbro 辉长石

py pyrite 黄铁矿

lmt limonite 褐铁矿

mag magnetite 磁铁矿calc calcite 方解石

dol dolomite 白云石

gyp gypsum 石膏

anhy anhydite 无水石膏sa salt 盐

asph asphalt 沥青

bit bitumen 沥青

gil gilsomite 天然沥青flnt flint 黑燧石,电石

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cht chert 黑硅石

chk chalk 白垩

fos fossils 化石

micfo microfossil 微化石macfo macrofossil 大化石

pl fos plant fossil 植物化石

vrtb vertebrate 脊椎动物

ancient life 古生物fau fauna 动物群flo flora 植物群

spo, spr spore 孢子,孢粉

tri trilobite 三叶虫

cor coral 珊瑚

shl shell 贝壳

amm ammonite 菊石

alg algae 藻类

diat diatoms 硅藻

char charophyte 轮藻类

grap graptolite 笔石类

ost ostracod 介形虫(节肢动物

para paraparchites 介形虫

cono conodont 牙形虫

crin crinoid 海百合

Tent Tentaculities 竹节石属

moll mollusc 软体动物

Ech Echinoid 海胆类(棘皮动物

Bry Bryozoa 苔藓动物门

Ceph Cephalipod 头足纲(软体类

Belm Belmnifera 箭石属(头足类

Brach Brachinopoda 腕足类(动物门

Cyp Cypridopsis 斗星介属(介形类

foram foraminifera 有孔虫类

Endo Endothgra 内卷虫属(有孔虫类 Glob Globigerina 抱球虫属(有孔虫类 Gast Gasttropod 腹足纲(软体动物 Fus Fusulinicl 纺锤蜓

2.1.9 Depositional Distinguishing Feature 沉积识别特征

sedimentary structure 沉积构造

bdd beded 层状的

bndd banded 层状的

band band 夹层

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xlam crosslaminated 交错层理

xbdd crossbeded 交错层

intbdd interbeded 互层的,夹层的crnk crinkled 褶皱

cont contact 接触,界面unconf unconformity 不整合

conf conformity 整合

crev crevive 裂隙

conc concretion 结核,含有物nod nodules 结核。团块ves vesicular 多孔状lumpy lumpy 块状

conch conchoidal 贝壳状

gran granular 颗粒状

slky silky 丝状

gl glassy 玻璃状

fib fibrous 纤维状

glblr globular 球状

xl crystal 结晶

xln crystalline 结晶体2.1.10 Others 其它

porosity 孔隙度

gd good 15% 好

fair 10~15% 中等

poor 5~10% 较差

trace less 5% 微小

fissibity 解理,可劈性clvg clesvage 解理,劈理

crystal or grain size 晶体形状与颗粒大小

texture 结构lstr lustre 光泽

silky 丝绢光泽

swelling properties 膨胀度,膨胀性

solubiling 吸水性

accessory mineral 次生矿

2.1.11 Examination for Hydrocarbon Shows 油气显示鉴定hydrocarbon indication 油气显示

oil show description 油气显示描述

fluorescence observation 荧光观察

dir fluo direct fluorescence 湿照

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sample fluorescence 干照

cut fluo cutting fluorescence 滴照

solvent fluorescence 浸泡照射

no fluo no fluorescence 无荧光显示

micro trace 显示相当微弱

trace 微弱

present 有,中等

important 强

very important 很强

bri bright 明亮

2.2THE EXAMPLES OF LITHOLOGY DESCRIPTION

岩性描述范例

2.2.1Noncarbonate , clastic 非碳酸盐岩,碎屑岩

If the representative samples from the siever have been selected and the percentage of the various constituents have been estimated, then the logical order of the sample description is:

如果从筛子中已选出具有代表性的岩样,而且该岩样的各组份含量已估计出,那么该岩样的描述顺序则为:

1, ROCK TYPE 岩性,岩石类别

2, COLOR 颜色

3, HARDNESS 硬度(硬化作用

The common adjectives describing induration are:

硬化作用一般的形容描述内容是: dense hard medium-hard soft spongy

密集的,硬的,中等坚硬,软的,多孔的friable compact brittle slatey

松散的致密的脆的板状的

4, GRAIN SIZE 颗粒大小

see to figure 2,1.5 (见图表2,1,5

5, GRAIN SHAPE 颗粒形状

The only five general classes are considered and defined as following:

唯一可考虑的五种一般类别为: sharp angular subangular rounded wellrounded 尖棱状棱角状次棱角状磨圆状好的磨圆状6, SORTING 分选作用

7, LUSTER 光泽

The common used terms of the luster are: 关于光泽一般常使用的词组有: coated pitted frosted deeply etched frosty silky

覆盖物坑状物霜状表面深度侵蚀霜状的丝绢光泽

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oily vitreous glassy shiny translucent earthy

油脂光泽透明的玻璃的发亮的半透明的泥土状

waxy sooty velety soapy resinous

蜡状的乌黑色天鹅绒状肥皂状树脂状

8, CEMENTATION 胶结,胶结物

calcite dolomite sulfates iron oxides silica pyrite clays silts

方解石白云石硫酸盐氧化铁硅质黄铁矿粘土粉砂

siderite

菱铁矿

9, STRUCTURE 构造

The structure of sandstone refers to: 砂岩的构造一般是指:

laminations fractures fractures patterns banding nodular

纹理裂缝裂缝形式条纹结核状The common structures of shales and siltstone are: 页岩和粉砂岩的构造是指: massive lumpy platy laminated foliated fissile

块状团块状纹层状薄片状裂片状

splintery flakey

10, ACCESSORIES 次生矿物

The common but minor constituents of sandstones are:

常见的砂岩微量次生矿物有: biotite muscovite glauconite pyrite barite siderite chert

黑云母白云母海绿石黄铁矿重晶石菱铁矿黑隧石

coals solid hydrocarbons fossils

煤固态烃化石

11, INCLUSIONS 夹杂物

gypsum anhydrite chert iron oxides noduies pellets of barite

石膏无水石膏黑隧石氧化铁结核体重晶石球

pyrite mud oolites coal concretionary materials

黄铁矿泥浆鲕状岩煤固结材料

2.2.2Carbonate碳酸盐岩

After the lithology of the samples have been selected , the description of the carbonate can be do in the following order:

岩样岩性选择好后,碳酸盐岩的描述可依以下顺序进行: 1, COLOR 颜色

The normal colors of limestones and dolomites are: gray, white, buff, brown

石灰岩和白云岩的正常颜色是:灰色,白色,浅黄色,棕色2, GRAIN SIZE 颗粒大小

3, CHARACTOR OF GRAINS 颗粒特征

Fragments can be described in the same as sand grains:碎屑可和砂岩一样进行描述

sharp angular subangular rounded globular spheroidal

尖棱角棱角状次棱角状圆状球形扁球形

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Oolites may be classed as: spheroidal, spherical, elliptical, irregular, flattened

鲕粒可分类为:扁球形,球形,椭圆状,不规则状,拉平状4, TEXTURE 结构

see to the figure 2.3.4 (参见表2。3。4

5, STRUCTURES 构造

The structure feature of carbonate include: 碳酸盐岩构造特征包括:

stylolites fractures microfractures laminae banding crinkling

柱状构造裂缝构造微裂缝构造纹层状带状波状

concretions whorls brecciation

结核状环状角砾状

6, INCOUSIOUS 夹杂物

2.2.3 Hydrocarbon Show Description 油气显示描述

Hydrocarbon show description should be written in the following order:

油气显示的描述应按以下顺序来写: 1, free oil in mud 泥浆中的游离油

2, odor 油味,气味

3, visible staining-color and percentage 可视染色情况:颜色和所占百分比

4, fluorescence: rate, color, intensity and percentage

荧光显示情况:级别,颜色,强度和百分比5, cut: rate, color, intensity and natural color

泡荧光情况:级别,颜色,强度和自然颜色

2.2.4Examples 描述范例

Sst: at 3185m. gy-wh . v hd . 70% cse gr . 20% m gr. 10% f gr. Subrnd-rnd ireg shaped ctgs. Tr calc, no foss. No vis por. No fluo

砂岩:井深:3185米,灰色-白色,含70%的粗砂,20%的中砂,10%的细砂。

次圆-圆状,岩屑形状不规则,微含方解石。无化石。无可见孔隙。无荧光Ls: at 4255m. wh-gy. M hd . ireg shaped ctgs. 90% of ctgs show v dri- yel/ gld fluo. Abnt free oil in mud as globs 2mm in dia

石灰岩:井深:4255米,白色-灰色,中硬。岩屑形状不规则。荧光灯下90% 的岩屑呈现亮黄--金黄色。泥浆中富含游离油,油花直径为2毫米。

2.2.5Terms and Phases in Discussion of Lithology Description

岩性描述讨论中使用的术语

standard log form 标准录井格式

the standard well log 标准录井图

the conventional strip log 常规条状录井图

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stratigraphic column section 岩层柱状剖面图cross section 横剖面图vertical scale 垂直比例expended scales 扩展比例symbols , legends 岩性符号,图例

lithologic description 岩性描述basic geologic work 基本的地质工作written description 手绘描述

rock examination 岩石检验

rock analysis 岩石分析

rock and mineral identification 岩石和矿物鉴定routine examination 常规检验

test with dilute HCl 用稀释的盐酸检验treatment with acid 与酸反应dilute acid 稀释盐酸

dot dilute hydrochloric acid 稀释的热盐酸

the effervescence test 起泡试验degree of effervescence 起泡程度degree of reaction 反应程度immediately and sharply 立即,剧烈quickly 快速的

slowly 慢的

acid polish, the etched surface 溶蚀面

nature of residue 残余物本质

the untreated rock fragment 未反应的岩石碎片insoluable residue 非溶解残余物lack of reaction with acid 与酸不反应

the soluble matrix 溶解性岩石骨架物质hardness 硬度scratching the rock fragment surface 划岩石随片表面distinguishing different lithic type 区分不同岩性类型thin section examination 薄片检验grain-matrix relationship 颗粒骨架关系grain-cement relationship 颗粒胶结关系

methods of logging 录井的方法interpreative system 解释系统different rock types 不同岩石类别lithologic characteristics 岩性特征drilling cutting 钻井岩屑quality of samples 岩样的质量percentage system 百分比系统porosity estimates 孔隙度估计

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scaning sample 扫描岩样

lithologic breaks 岩性中断

the standard order of description 岩性描述的标准顺序

rock compoents 岩石组份

grain size 颗粒大小

size grade 粒级

shape of grain 颗粒形状

evidence of wear 磨蚀痕迹distribution of grains 颗粒分布

detection and evaluation of porosity 孔隙度的检测与评价

the volume of the void space in the rock 岩石中有效空间的体积the capacity of a rock for transmitting a fluid 岩石传输流体的能力effective porosity 有效孔隙度qualitative estimates of the pore size 孔隙大小的定量估计size of vugs 裂缝大小

the description of hydrocarbon 烃类的描述

a decision factor 决定因素

obvious shows 明显显示

positive indications of hydrocarbons in cuttings 钻屑中烃类存在的正标志strength of odor 气味强度

oil odor, condensate odor 油味,凝析油味

on a fresh broken surface 新鲜断面

oil-bearing rock fragments 含油岩碎片examination of hydrocarbon fluorescence 烃类物质荧光检测mineral fluorescence 矿物荧光hydrocarbon fluorescence 烃类荧光

the intensity range 强度范围

oil fluorescence 含油荧光extremely weak 极弱

very weak 非常弱

weak, fair, strong 弱,一般,强

problems in interpreting drilling cuttings 钻屑解释中存在的问题true cuttings 真实岩屑

fresh cutting 新鲜岩屑

flaky shape 块状

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计算流体力学英语—高频词汇

计算流体力学英语 abort 异常中断, 中途失败, 夭折, 流产, 发育不全,中止计划[任务] accidentally 偶然地, 意外地 accretion 增长 activation energy 活化能 active center 活性中心 addition 增加 adjacent 相邻的 aerosol浮质(气体中的悬浮微粒,如烟,雾等), [化]气溶胶, 气雾剂, 烟雾剂 ambient 周围的, 周围环境 amines 胺 amplitude 广阔, 丰富, 振幅, 物理学名词 annular 环流的 algebraic stress model(ASM) 代数应力模型 algorithm 算法 align 排列,使结盟, 使成一行 alternately 轮流地 analogy 模拟,效仿 analytical solution 分析解 anisotropic 各向异性的 anthracite 无烟煤 apparent 显然的, 外观上的,近似的 approximation 近似 arsenic 砷酸盐 assembly 装配 associate 联合,联系 assume 假设 assumption 假设 atomization 油雾 axial 轴向的 battlement 城垛式 biography 经历 bituminous coal 烟煤 blow-off water 排污水 blowing devices 鼓风(吹风)装置 body force 体积力 boiler plant 锅炉装置(车间) Boltzmain 玻耳兹曼 Brownian rotation 布朗转动 bulk 庞大的 bulk density 堆积密度 burner assembly 燃烧器组件 burnout 燃尽

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The Earth From classical times it has been known that the earth is roughly spherical in shape. Actually the planet is shaped more like a slightly flattened ball whose polar radius is about 21km shorter than its equatorial radius. The average radius is 6371km. The earth’s specific gravity is 5.5. It is 5.5 times as heavy as an equal volume of water. The specific gravity is greater than that of any other planet in the solar system, but not appreciably different from that of Mercury, Venus and Mars. Because the average specific gravity of surface rocks is only about 2.7, the material existing deep within the earth must have a specific gravity well in excess of the 5.5 average. Very likely, the material at the earth’s center has a specific gravity as high as about 15. The splendid photographs of the earth taken from space by Apollo astronauts remind us that our planet is more than a rocky globe orbiting the sun. The patterns of white clouds above the azure blue color tell us of the presence of an atmosphere and hydrosphere. Here and there one can even discern patches of tan that indicates the existence of continents. Greenish hues provide evidence of the planet’s most remarkable feature: there is life on earth. THE A TMOSPHERE We live beneath a thin but vital envelope of gases called atmosphere. We refer to these gases as air. “Pure air”is composed mainly of nitrogen (78.03%) and oxygen 920.99%). The remaining 0.98% of air is made of argon, carbon dioxide and minute quantities of other gases. One of these “other”components found mostly in the upper atmosphere is a form of oxygen called ozone. Ozone absorbs much of the sun’s lethal ultraviolet radiation, and is thus of critical importance organisms on the surface of the earth. Air also contains from 0.1 percent to 5.0 percent of water vapor. However, because this moisture content is so variable, it is not usually included in lists of atmospheric components. Every day, the atmosphere receives radiation from the sun. This solar radiation provides the energy that heats the atmosphere and drives the winds. Distribution of solar radiation is one of the most important factors in determining the various kinds of climate we experience on the earth. THE HYDROSPHERE(水圈) The discontinuous envelope of water that covers 71 percent of earth’s surface is called hydrosphere. It includes the ocean as well as water vapor. The water contained in streams and lakes, water frozen in glaciers, and water that occurs underground in the pores and cavities of rocks. If surface irregularities such as continents and deep oceanic basins and trenches were smoothed out, water would completely cover the earth to a depth of more than two kilometers. Water is an exceedingly important geologic agent. Glacier composed of water in its solid form alter the shape of the land by scouring, transporting and depositing rock debris. Because water has the property of dissolving many natural compounds, it contributes significantly to the decomposition of rocks and, therefore, to the development of soils on which we depend for food. Water moving relentlessly down hill as sheetwash, in rills, and in streams loosens and carries away the particles of rock to lower elevations where they are deposited as layers of sediment. Clearly, the process of sculpturing our landscapes is primarily dependent upon water. By far the greatest part of the hydrosphere is contained within the ocean basins. These basins are of enormous interest to geologists who have discovered that they are not permanent and immobile as once believed, but rather are dynamic and ever changing. There is ample evidence

常用英语单词大全

One 1 the [e?, ei:]art.这,那 ad.[用于比较级;最高级前] 2 be [bi:,bi]aux. v.(am,is,are之原型) vi.是;在 3 of [?v, ?, ?v]prep.…的;由…制成的;关于;由于 4 and [?nd, ?nd]conj.和;那么;然后;而且 5 a[ei, ?, ?n, ?n]art.一(个);任何一(个);每一(个) 6 to [tu:, tu, t?]prep.向;对;趋于;直到…为止;比; 到 7 in [in]prep.在…里;以;穿着;由于 ad.进;到达 8 he[hi:, hi]pron.他;(不论性别的)一个人 9 have[h?v,h?v]aux. v.已经 vt.有;进行;经受;吃;取得 10 it [it]pron.它;这;那 11 that[e?t]a./ pron.那,那个; ad.那样,那么 12 for[f?, f?:]prep.为;对,供,适合于;向 conj.因为故 13 they[eei]pron.他(或她、它)们 14 I[ai]pron.我 15 with[wie, wiθ]prep.和,跟,同;具有;用;关于;随着 16 as [?z, ?z]ad.同样地 prep.当作 conj.随着;因为 17 not[n?t]ad.不,没,不是 18 on[?n]prep.在…上;向;处于;在 ad.上;向前 19 she[?i:, ?i]pron.她 20 at [?t, ?t]prep.在;向;以;处于;因为;从事 21 by [bai]prep.被;凭借;经由;由于 ad.在近旁;经过 22 this [eis]a.这,这个;今,本 pron.这,这个 23 we[wi:, wi]pron.我们 24 you [ju, ju:]pron.你,你们 25 do[du, du:]aux. v.[代替动词] v.做,干,行动 26 but[b?t,b?t]conj.但是;而(是) prep.除…以外 ad.只 27 from[fr?m,fr?m]prep.出自;离;去除;从;因为;由;与 28 or[?:, ?]conj.或,或者;或者说;否则,要不然 29 which[wit?]pron./ a.哪一个(些);[关系代词]那个(些)30 one[w?n]num.一 pron.一个(人) a.一个的;一体的 31 would [wud]aux. v.[will的过去式];总会;也许;请 32 all [?:l]a.全部的;尽量的 ad.很 pron.全部 33 will [wil]aux. v.将;愿意 n.意志;遗嘱 vt.用意志驱使 34 there [e??]pron.[与be连用,“有”] ad.在那里 35 say [sei]v.说;表明 ad.比如说,大约 n.发言权 36 who [hu:]pron.谁,什么人;[关系代词]…的人 37 make [meik]vt.做,制造;产生;成为 n.品牌,类型 38 when[wen]ad./ pron.什么时候;在…时 conj.当…时 39 can[k?n,k?n]aux. v.能;可以 n.罐(头) vt.把…装罐保存 40 more [m?:r]ad.更(多) a.更多(大)的 n.更多的人(或物) 41 if[if]conj.如果,假如;是否;即使;无论何时 42 no [n?u]ad.不,不是,没有 a.没有的;不许的 43 man[m?n]n.(成年)男人;人,人类 vt.给…配备人员 44 out aut]ad.出,向外;在外;出现;完;过时 45 other[??e?]a.别的;其余的 pron.另一个人(或物) 46 so [s?u]ad.那么,非常;如此 conj.所以;以便 47 what[w?t, wɑ:t]pron.什么;[关系代词] a.多么;什么 48 time[taim]n.时间;次;倍[ pl.]时期 vt.为…安排时间 49 up[?p]ad./ a.向上(的) prep.沿…往上;在…上面 50 go[g?u]vi.去;变得;进行;放;通往;消失 n.尝试 51 about[??baut]prep.关于;在…周围 ad.大约;在附近 52 than[e?n, e?n]conj.比 53 into[?intu, ?int?]prep.进,入,到…里;成为;很喜欢 54 could[kud]v. aux.can的过去式;[虚拟语气等]可以(能) 55 state [steit]n.状态;国家,政府;州 vt.陈述,说明 56 only[??unli]ad.只;反而 a.唯一的;最好的 conj.可是 57 new[nju:]a.新的,新出现的,新生产的;生疏的 58 year [ji?, j?:]n.年,年份 59 some[s?m,s?m]a.一些,有些;某个 pron.一些 ad.大约 60 take[teik]vt.带(去);做;花费;拿;服用;乘;拍 61 come[k?m]vi.来(自);经过;至;实现;开始;发生 1 / 36

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