(英文版)保罗。克鲁格曼《国际经济学》题库3

练习题三

Part A Multiple Choice

B E D D A D A A A

C C A B

D D

1) International borrowing and lending may be interpreted as one form of

A) intermediate trade.

B) inter-temporal trade.

C) trade in services.

D) unrequited international transfers.

E) None of the above.

2) International free labor mobility will under all circumstances

A) increase total world output.

B) improve the economic welfare of everyone.

C) improve the economic welfare of workers everywhere.

D) improve the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere.

E) None of the above.

3) International labor mobility

A) leads to wage convergence by raising wages in destination country and lowering in source country.

B) is in accordance with the specific factors model.

C) is in accordance with the Heckscher-Ohlin factor proportions model.

D) leads to wage convergence by raising wages in source and lowering them in destination country.

E) is in accordance with scale economy model.

4) If initially wages are higher in Home than in Foreign, then a movement of workers from Foreign to Home will

A) lower the marginal product of labor in Foreign.

B) raise total product in Foreign.

C) raise the income of land owners in Foreign.

D) raise the income of land owners in Home.

E) None of the above.

5) A country that has a comparative advantage in future production of consumption goods

A) will tend to be an international borrower.

B) will tend to have low real interest rates.

C) will tend to be an international investor or lender.

D) will tend to have good work ethics.

E) None of the above.

6) Why a good is produced in two different countries is known as the question of

A) internalization.

B) vertical integration.

C) exploitation.

E) None of the above.

7) Direct foreign investment may take any of the following forms except

A) investors buying bonds of an existing firm overseas.

B) the creation of a wholly owned business overseas.

C) the takeover of an existing company overseas.

D) the construction of a manufacturing plant overseas.

E) None of the above.

8) Multinational corporations

A) increase the transfer of technology between nations.

B) make it harder for nations to foster activities of comparative advantage.

C) always enjoy political harmony in host countries in which their subsidiaries operate.

D) require governmental subsidies in order to conduct worldwide operations.

E) None of the above.

9) The shift of labor-intensive assembly operations from the United States to Mexican maqiladora may be best explained in terms of a theory of

A) location.

B) vertical integration.

C) horizontal integration.

D) internalization.

E) None of the above.

10) A lower tariff on imported steel would most likely benefit

A) foreign producers at the expense of domestic consumers.

B) domestic manufacturers of steel.

C) domestic consumers of steel.

D) workers in the steel industry.

E) None of the above.

11) In the country levying the tariff, the tariff will

A) increase both consumer and producer surplus.

B) decrease both the consumer and producer surplus.

C) decrease consumer surplus and increase producer surplus.

D) increase consumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.

E) None of the above.

12) If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift from domestically produced semiconductors to imported components, then the effective rate of protection in the computer industry will

A) increase.

C) remain the same.

D) depend on whether computers are PCs or ?Supercomputers.?

E) None of the above.

13) If a small country imposes a tariff, then

A) the producers must suffer a loss.

B) the consumers must suffer a loss.

C) the government revenue must suffer a loss.

D) the demand curve must shift to the left.

E) None of the above.

14) The effective rate of protection measures

A) the ?true? ad valorum value of a tariff.

B) the quota equivalent value of a tariff.

C) the efficiency with which the tariff is collected at the customhouse.

D) the protection given by the tariff to domestic value added.

E) None of the above.

15) As globalization tends to increase the proportion of imported inputs relative to domestically supplied components,

A) the nominal tariff automatically increases.

B) the rate of (effective) protection automatically decreases.

C) the nominal tariff automatically decreases.

D) the rate of (effective) protection automatically increases.

E) None of the above.

PART B Short Question

1.It has been argued that even if intra-European Union labor mobility were to be completely

removed, one should not expect to observe massive, or even large reallocations of populations with the E.U. Discuss.

T heoretically, just as completely free trade consistent with Heckscher-Ohlin model (with no complete specialization) is associated with factor price equalization; so does completely free labor mobility. It therefore follows that if intra E.U. trade flourishes, as any restraints on trade there are abolished, the economic incentive for labor mobility will be removed. Since language and cultural differences remain, we would expect populations to tend to stay where they are.

2.The two deadweight triangles are the Consumption distortion and Production distortion

losses. It is easy to understand why the Consumption distortion constitutes a loss for society. After all it raises the prices of goods to consumers, and even causes some consumers to drop out of the market altogether. It seems paradoxical that the Production distortion is considered an equivalent burden on society. After all, in this case, profits increase, and additional production (with its

associated employment) comes on line. This would seem to be an offset rather than an addition to the burden or loss borne by society. Explain why the Production distortion is indeed a loss to society, and what is wrong with the logic that leads to the apparent paradox.

T he Production Distortion represents an inefficient shift of society?s resources to produce a good, which it could not sell profitably at world prices. Since (with full employment assumed) these resources were formerly used to produce export goods, which could compete profitably, the net result is a loss in real income to the country.