英语学位证考试范文学位证英语考试什么情况

英语学位证考试范文学位证英语考试什么情况
英语学位证考试范文学位证英语考试什么情况

英语学位证考试范文学位证英语考试什么情况这个根据不同的学校定的规格也不一样,看你是什么学校了,百分制,应该差不多就行,考完试赶紧找老师疏通疏通,提点分,一般不会有问题的~~

这个比较容易考,我英语不好,也轻松考过了。词汇量3000就够了,比四级容易得多,三级半水平就可以了。买本参考书做做阅读理解,背背范文就可以了。主要靠阅读理解拿分。重在阅读,我当时考试到最后没时间了,还有单项选择二十多道没做,也过了。朋友,加油吧!祝你顺利通过!

各省市学位英语考试题型略有不同,但一般都会包括以下三种题型:分别是阅读理解、词语与语法、完形填空。

学位英语主要考试题型介绍:

一、阅读理解 (Reading Comprehension)

考生根据文章内容从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

阅读理解部分主要测试考生的下述能力:

1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;

2.了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节;

3.既理解字面的意思,又能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论;

4.既理解个别句子的意义,又能在一定程度上理解上下文的逻辑关系。

阅读理解部分主要考核学生通过阅读获取信息的能力,既要求准确,也要求有一定的速度。

二、词语用法和语法结构(Vocabulary and Structure)。

要求考生从每题四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

词语用法和语法结构部分主要考核学生运用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。

三、完形填空(Cloze)。

完形填空题是在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文中留有若干个空白。每个空白为一题,每题有四个选项。要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选出一个最佳答案,使短文的结构和意思恢复完整。填空的选项包括结构词和实义词,有些选项会涉及到一些重要的语法内容。

完形填空部分主要考核学生综合运用语言的能力。

成人本科学士学位英语统一考试(又称“成人英语三级”),是由各省级高等教育主管部门组织的统一考试,其目的是为了客观地测试本地区非英语专业成人本科毕业生申请学士学位者的英语语言知识和运用能力,考查其是否达到普通本科教育(非英语专业)英语教学的一般要求,是各省市成人高等教育本科毕业生获得成人学士学位的必备条件之一。

参考资料:

学位英语是社会继续教育中的一个考试,一般存在于成考和自考的本科段中。统招的本科生毕业的时候如果想拿到学位证,需要通过大学英语-4,同样的,成考和自考本科生毕业的时候如果想拿到学位证也要通过英语考试,他们的考试就叫做学位英语考试,难度相当于大学英语-3。

如果你通过了大学英语-4,之后上了自考或成考的本科,能否免试学位英语,要看学校各自的规定。有的学校不承认学生入学前在外面考的大学英语-4,对于这样的学校,你就只有老老实实的考学位英语。有的学校承认学生之前考取的大学英语-4,对于这样的学校,不仅可以不必额外参加学位英语的考试就可以获得学位证,甚至在校期间所有的英语课程都可以免修。

成人本科学士学位英语统一考试(又称“成人英语三级”),是由各省级高等教育主管部门组织的统一考试,其目的是为了客观地测试本地区非英语专业成人本科毕业生申请学士学位者的英语语言知识和运用能力,考查其是否达到普通本科教育(非英语专业)英语教学的一般要求,是各省市成人高等教育本科毕业生获得成人学士学位的必备条件之一。

由于学位英语考试不是全国统考,而是由各省区市独立组织报名及考试,考试时间也不尽相同。具体报名及考试时间以当地学位办或考生所在院校公布 ___为准。

以北京地区为例,每年举行两次考试,一般在5月和11月,每次考试时间为2个小时,即上午9:00-11:00。考试由北京市教委高教处负责,考务工作由北京教育综合服务中心具体实施。

一、阅读理解 (Reading Comprehension)

考生根据文章内容从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

阅读理解部分主要测试考生的下述能力:

1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;

2.了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节;

3.既理解字面的意思,又能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论;

4.既理解个别句子的意义,又能在一定程度上理解上下文的逻辑关系。

阅读理解部分主要考核学生通过阅读获取信息的能力,既要求准确,也要求有一定的速度。

二、词语用法和语法结构(Vocabulary and Structure)。

要求考生从每题四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。词语用法和语法结构部分主要考核学生运用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。

三、完形填空(Cloze)。

完形填空题是在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文中留有若干个空白。每个空白为一题,每题有四个选项。要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选出一个最佳答案,使短文的结构和意思恢复完整。填空的选项包括结构词和实义词,有些选项会涉及到一些重要的语法内容。完形填空部分主要考核学生综合运用语言的能力。

参考资料:

成人本科学士学位英语考试难度在高考英语和大学英语四级水平之间,想通过考试的话,首先要了解本地的考试大纲,考查哪些知识点及题型设置都要了解。词汇量三四千,但是英语中常见的核心词也就是那些,在做题中多注意积累。然后就是历年真题一定要好好做做练练,有时候会出往年考过的词汇或语法考点。如果基础实在薄弱的话,建议报一个培训班。

学士学位,是高等教育本科阶段授予的学位名称。在中国学位结构中为基础学位,由 ___授权高等学校授予。是国民教育系列的

本科毕业生在所修课程平均成绩及毕业论文均达到优良,且取得省级 ___门组织或认可的外语统考合格成绩,参加学位授予单位组织的“主干课程”考试,并且成绩合格的,由学位授予单位依照《中华人民 ___学位条例》所授予的一种学位。

学士学位证的重要性体现在以下:

【认知】学士学位是是学历身份的象征,是大学遵纪守法,学习良好的体现!

【求职】越来越多的公司面试要求本科生双证齐全;部分事业单位进编制一定要有学士学位!

【评定职称】一般来说,具有学士学位的工作人员在企业职称评定中更具有优势,甚至起到决定性作用!

【全日制研究生】部分高校要求报考考生必须获得学士学位才能考研!

【在职研究生】大多数在职研究生,申请硕士学位,前提要有本科的学士学位证书;极少数专业大专或本科无学位可以按同等学力报考,但是对工作年限要求较高!

【公务员】部门公务员岗位对学位证有所要求,具备学位证面试更容易通过!

【】多数中国留学生出guo读研如果没有学位证,只能先读预科!

【户口】积分落户加分项目,如杭州落户本科学历、学士学位50分!

首先要保证你的其他各科成绩不能低于75分,毕业论文要达到优秀,最后加上你的学位英语,这3者缺一不可。所以申请学士学位要综合考虑,一般难就难在英语,但是其他也不能忽略。

有英语作文啊

举个例子

1

1. Our attitude towards life 我们对生活的态度

2. Why I study MBA ___学习MBA

3. My view on the criterion (标准)of suess 我对于成功的标准的看法

4. To Be a Big Fish In a small pond or a small Fish In a Big Pond?

是愿做小池塘中的大鱼还是愿做大池塘中的小鱼?(做鸡头还是凤尾?) 5. The Management Style (管理方式)I like 我喜欢的管理方式

要求题型:字数为150个单词。

一、Our attitude towards life 我们对生活的态度

模板,内容仅供参考

自考学位英语作文范文

网络 How Will Our Life Go on without Internet? 1. 网络提供给了人们丰富多彩和便捷的生活 2.很多人开始感觉离开网络寸步难行 3.你对网络依赖症的看法 【范文】 As a primary source of information as well as an efficient means of communication, the Internet offers people a colourful and convenient life. Just by clicking the mouse, we can enjoy a brilliant and easy life that could not be achieved ever before: shopping, making friends, contacting relatives, looking for jobs, downloading music and movies, conducting business deals, and freely airing our opinions. For its convenience, the Internet has attracted people like magnets and some people even claim that it is indispensable. To them, life can’t go on without it. Every day millions of people spend hours on end surfing the Internet. They are obsessed with it so much that they forget many other important matters. As for me, I don’t approve of unrestrained Internet reliance. Although the Internet is a gift of the technological revolution and a blessing of this information age, we should never let it control our lif e. The Internet absolutely doesn’t mean the whole world to us. Instead, we should guard against its negative effects. To those Internet addicts, I would add: Self-control can make or break your life. With proper use, the Internet serves you; otherwise, it kills you. 保护环境 Protection of Environment 1. 目前环保还存在着许多问题。 2. 为了保护环境,各国政府做了大量的工作。 3. 我的看法。 Protecting the Environment Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. For example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed. Pollution is, in fact, threatening our existence. The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations. Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems. Measures have been taken to cope with these problems by the government. Laws have been passed to stop pollution. I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better. 节约用水 Directions: A. Title:Globle Shortage of Fresh Water B. Word Limit: about 200 words C. Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese below: 1. 人们认为淡水是取之不尽的(提示:雨水,河水,井水) 2. 实际上淡水是短缺的(提示:人口增加,工业用水增加,污染严重) 3. 我们应当怎么办(提示:节约用水,开发新水源) 例文:Global Shortage of Fresh Water People often think that water will never be used up. There is plenty of water, such as rain, water from the rivers and wells. It seems as if water is always available around us and we never have to worry about water shortage. In fact water is rather limited on the earth. With the rapid increase of population and fast development of industries, water is more needed than before. At the same time, a large amount of water has been polluted and wasted every day. Some big cities in China are facing the problem of water shorage already. There, water supply is controlled and industry has been restrained. What should we do about the water shorage? I

英语考试作文万能模板(完整总结版)

英语作文写作万能模板 一原因陈述类 此类作文要求考生对社会现象或社会问题进行解释。出题者以某一社会现象、问题或趋势为议论对象,要求考生就其形成的原因进行充分、客观的解释,并从考生自身的视角出发对这一现象(或问题)的前景、后果或影响做出结论性分析或预测。 模板1 Nowadays, we often hear that . This phenomenon is not accidental, and there are social and individual backgrounds. Why cannot . For one thing, . For another, . As an example, . From that we . As far as I am concerned, I agree that .I think that . 模板2 In the past 30 years China has experienced a surprising increase in : It rose from 8 percent in 1978 to 25 percent in 2008. The statistics look quite disturbing and cause people to ask why. The factors for a great rise in X are complex. Some people attribute it to which . And other people place the reason to which . Whatever the causes are, only particular external circumstances have been examined. The factors, actually, are psychological as well as social. Most people . They also . For all these reasons, it comes no surprise that . 模板3 Have you ever _________________________? Have you ever _________________________? Have you ever _________________________? If you have no experience like these, your life is an inadequate one. In my point of view, I like X1 much more than X2. Every person can see the first reason that _________________________. The second reason for my propensity for A is that ________________________. X1 is somewhat challenging as well. Such as ________________________. However, I still prefer X1, for X1 teaches me how to ___________________. 二比较分析类 此类作文一种是用比较的手段阐述自己的观点,在比较所讨论的两个事物的优缺点时,要有自己的看法。具体写作时,对赞成的事物优点要详写,缺点少些或略过。对反对的事物,优点要少写或略写,缺点则要详写。 另一种是所比较的两个事物都有明显的优点和缺点时,则既不完全肯定某一事物,也不能彻底否定另一事物。

学位英语考试模拟题(二)

1. She went on reading _____ it was midnight. A. as B. for C. until D. lest 2. He was old _____ quite strong. A. and B. or C. but D. if 3. Take his advice _____ you will fail. A. nor B. or C. for D. so 4. He was writing _____ the glass suddenly fell on the floor. A. while B. as C. so D. when 5. _____ you say,he won…t listen to you. A. No matter where B. No matter what C. However D. Whichever 6. The car was going too fast on a wet road,_____ it crashed and the driver was in hospital. A. but B. moreover C. furthermore D. so 7. He said he would stay for another two days _____ it rained. A. or B. nor C. whether D. if 8. Hardly _____ I got home when it began to rain. A. had B. am C. did D. that 9. _____ ,none of us wanted to take a rest. A. Tired although we were B. Tired as we were C. As we were tired D. We as were tired 10. She opened the door quietly _____ wake up her sleeping baby. A. in order that B. so that C. in order to D. so as not to 11. It was my grandfather _____ helped mike mend his bike this morning. A. that B. whom C. which D. what 12. It was this morning _____ my grand father helped mike mend his bike this morning. A. that B. whom C. when D. which

学位英语考试真题-文档

2017 年4 月成人高等教育本科毕业生申请学士学位 外国语水平考试广东) A 英语试卷一 Part I Dialogue completion (15 points) Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points) Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 points) Part IV Cloze (10 points) 考生须知 1.本试卷分试卷一和试卷二两部分,试卷一满分85分,试卷二满分15分,考试时间共 120分钟。 2. 本试卷一为A型试卷,请将答案用2B铅笔填涂在A型试卷一答题卡上,答在试卷或其他类型答题卡上的无效。答题前请核对试卷一答题卡是否为A型卡,若不是,请要求监考人员予以更换。 3. 答题卡上正确的填涂方法为:在代表答案的字母上划线,如[A] [B] [C] [D] Part I Dialogue Completion (l5 points) Directions: There are I5 short in complete dialogues in this part, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSWER Sheet. 1.Speaker A: ______ I guess I’m addicted to the Internet. Speaker B: So you’d better quit surfing the Net deep into the night. A.I knew it. B. Why, it’s a pity! C. I can't help it. D. What seems to be the problem? 2. Speaker A: Don't be sad, I'm sure things will change for the better soon. Speaker B: ______. A. That sounds awful. B. Yes you're probably right. C. I hope not! D. You are welcome! 3. Speaker A: Can I get some information about the training program here? Speaker B: _______ A. Yes, you do B. Go ahead C. You certainly can D. That's fun 4. Speaker A: Tom, would you like to go to a party this Saturday? SpeakerB:______ What kind of party? Speaker A: It's a birthday party. A. Sounds good B. Looks nice C. Seems all right D. Feels OK 5. Waiter: ______? Customer: Yes, I'll have a steak, medium rare, with French fries. A. What do you want to eat B. Have you decided what to do yet C. Excuse me, are you ready to order now D. Sorry, but who'd like to order

最新学位英语必背范文

学位英语必背范文 Weather Weather affects all of us in one way or another, directly or indirectly. For example, good weather makes people happy and gay, while bad weather makes people sick and depressed. Besides, on a fine day, one can get out for a walk or play a game in the open air. On a rainy day, however, he can only stay indoors. In a word, weather is part of life for all of us. The first thing that many people do after getting up in the morning is to see what the weather is like. With a knowledge of the weather, people can arrange work and life of the day. If it is fine, he may decide to go on a picnic. If it is cloudy, he will have to take a raincoat or an umbrella with him when he is leaving the house. Whatever the weather may be, one tends to adjust his activities to it accordingly. In order to know what the weather will be, special people are hired to provide this information. They collect data, analyze them and provide the weather of the coming day. This information, which is announced on the radio or on TV, is usually very accurate. Thanks to the efforts of those professionals, we can always know the weather in advance and get prepared for it. 2 Health or Wealth I prefer health to wealth if I have to choose between them. It is true that wealth makes life easier and more comfortable, but health is even more important. Only when one has good health can he pursue wealth and happiness. Wealth cannot be acquired without health. As we know, to gain wealth usually means working hard. If one does not have a strong body, how can he work hard? How can he have enough energy to overcome all the difficulties on his way towards success? Only with a sound body may one get a chance to enjoy the better life provided by his wealth because health ensure wealth but not vice versa. Therefore, health is the basis for attaining wealth. Even if one is born into a rich family, wealth alone cannot make him happy. Imagine a rich man who can do nothing but stay in bed. How can he enjoy his life? What can his money do for him? So long as one is healthy, there are always chances for him to attain everything including wealth. 3 Directions: For this part, you need to write a short passage with a title Spring Festival in not less than 100 words. You are given the opening sentence of each paragraph and required to complete the following three paragraphs. pring Festival Spring festival is the new year in Chinese lunar calendar. It is an occasion for all the members of the family to gather together to celebrate the festival. Besides, it is the time of the year at which relatives and friends exchange visits. 参考范文: Spring Festival Spring Festival is the new year in Chinese lunar calendar. Thousands of years ago, Chinese people started to count days according to the changes of moon and in this way thus created a lunar calendar. Spring Festival is considered to be the first day in Chinese lunar calendar. It is an occasion for all the members of the family to gather together to celebrate the festival. Because it is the most important festival and people take the longest leave in the whole year, it becomes a proper time for family members who live far away from each other to take the opportunity to reunite. Besides, it is the time of the year at which relatives and friends exchange visits. Most of the people are busy with their work or other daily chores and seldom have time to pay visits to their friends and relatives. The long leave during Spring Festival provides them with good chance to visit each other and share their experiences of the year. 4 Directions: For this part, you need to write a short passage with a title Travel in not less than 100 words. You are given the opening sentence of each paragraph and required to complete the following three paragraphs. Travel has become a world-wide activity. People travel for many reasons, but perhaps the most common is traveling for pleasure.

英语考试作文范文大全

英语考试作文范文大全 为了帮助广大考生更好地进行复习,今天为大家准备了学士学位英语考试作文范文,希望能够帮到大家。一起来看下吧! 英语考试作文范文:Trasdfsdition asdfsnd Modernizasdfstion The process of modernizasdfstion todasdfsy is even greasdfster thasdfsn before. It is unasdfsvoidasdfsble thasdfst some asdfschievements asdfsre masdfsde asdfst the cost of trasdfsdition. Masdfsny people believe thasdfst trasdfsdition should be reserved to the lasdfsrgest extent. On the one hasdfsnd, they think thasdfst the trasdfsdition is the creasdfsm of history with perfect conclusion asdfsnd asdfsbstrasdfsction, asdfsnd thus it should be followed. On the other hasdfsnd, we should keep our own trasdfsditionasdfsl chasdfsrasdfscteristics asdfss asdfs culture, so thasdfst we casdfsn find our own position in asdfs world of diversity. However, some people believe thasdfst it is worthwhile to asdfsbasdfsndon trasdfsdition for modernizasdfstion. In the first plasdfsce, they view the history asdfss asdfs lineasdfsr course moving forwasdfsrd, asdfsnd outdasdfsted concepts must be timely eliminasdfsted. In the second plasdfsce, they believe thasdfst civilizasdfstion is more importasdfsnt, asdfsnd should be reasdfslized asdfst asdfsll costs.

江苏学位英语考试真题及答案

2014年江苏学位英语考试真题答案 阅读理解一(2005年题) Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the local people of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the local people become unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy(经济). It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance(推进) the well-being (health and happiness) of local people. Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer. On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs a lot of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, first-class roads and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international-class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel will lose money. Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. 91.If they are not used because there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost 译文:如果没有适当的规划,旅游可能会出现问题。例如,太多的游客可以围观公共场所,这样它们也享有一个国家的当地人民应享有的待遇。如果游客量太大造成交通拥挤,当地人会变得不高兴。他们开始反感旅游者并无礼地对待他们。他们忘记了旅游的多少可以帮助该国经济。考虑到旅游目的地人民的感受和给他们带来的影响就显得尤为重要,旅游业应该帮助一个国家保护这种风俗和美丽,以此来吸引游客,同时应该预知当地人的幸福感(健康,快乐)。 太多旅游业可能是一个问题。如果旅游业增长太快,人们必须离开其他工作去从事旅游行业工作。这意味着该国经济的其他部分会受到影响。 另一方面,如果没有足够的旅游,人们可能失去工作。企业也可能赔钱。它花费了很多钱去建大酒店,机场,航空终端,一流的道路和所需要的旅游景点等配套设施。举例来说,一个重要的国际一流的旅游酒店每间房建设成本可能高达50万美元。如果房间大部分时间不使用,酒店的老板会赔钱。建酒店只是一个开始。一定有很多的配套设施,还包括到达酒店道路的道路建设,电力,建污水管道处理废物和水。所有这些配套设施的都需要钱。如果他们不投入使用以及没有足够的游客,那么他们将面临赔本和失业 21选D. What is probably the reason if local people dislike tourists? A.Tourists come to enjoy the customs and beauty B.Local people lose jobs C.A lot of hotels are built D.Too many tourists cause traffic problems 22选A. What can we do to solve the problems caused by tourism? A.Make plans properly B.Help the country’s economy C.Build fewer hotels D.Advance the well-being of local people 23选D. If tourism grows too quickly,__D____. A.businesses will lose money B.other parts of the country’s economy will make more money C.local people will be happier D.more local people will work for tourists

历年学位英语试题及答案

广东省学位英语历年真题及答案 - 百度文库 百度文库 搜索文档或关键词 普通分享 > 广东省学位英语历年真题及答案 VIP专享文档 2020-05-09 66页 用App免费查看 I. 会话技能15道15分15分钟 II. 阅读理解20道40分40分钟 III. 词汇和语法40道20分25分钟 IV. 完形填空10道10分10分钟 V . 短文写作100~120个词15分30分钟 考试总时间:120分钟 2011年广东学位英语考试试题及答案 PartⅠ Vocabulary and Structure (25 points, 30 minutes) Directions: There are 50 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular ____ children as Coca Cola. A) for B) with C) to D) in 2. When you buy anything expensive, never forget to ask for the ____ from the shop. A) receipt B) trust C) render D) tale 3. The financial support is decided not only according to your GRE score, but also according to your ____ in college. A) intelligence B) policy C) performance D) statement 4. Professor Smith is also the ____ of the international program office. If you have any problem when you study here, you may go to him for help. A) detective B) president C) manager D) director 5. We do not have a ____ school in our institute. The highest degree we provide for the students is a B. A. and a B. S. .

学位英语作文范文

学位英语作文 You are to write in 100-120 w ords on the topic “Family Education”. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1. 父母是孩子最好的老师; 2. 父母的言行影响孩子; 3. 谈谈你的看法 Family education is even more important than formal school education, for parents spend the most time with their children and should have the best chance to educate their children. On the one hand, parents can be the best teachers of their children. They are the ones who witness the growth of their children and who know their children best. With a good knowle dge of the children’s personality, strengths and weaknesses, parents can design a tailored plan for their children’s development, which is quite impossible for school education. On the other hand, parents’ behavior may have a deep impact on their children. It is not hard to find parents’ attitude, personality and behavior in their children. A violent parent and stressful family atmosphere is quite likely to produce a violent child. Therefore, family education is the most fundamental to a person’s developm ent. (141 words) Test One Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Reading Selectively or Extensively? You should write at least 100 words and you should bas your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below and write it on the Answer Sheet Two: 1.有人认为读书要有选择 2.有人认为应当博览群书 3.你的看法 Reading Selectively or Extensively? Once famous English philosopher Francis Bacon said, "Reading makes a full man", which means that anyone who wants to be a full man must keep on reading. But books are of various kinds and different contents. Then how to read? Some people say that we should read selectively. They believe that it is not how much one

相关文档
最新文档