专八人文知识最全
英国概况
英格兰面积最大
苏格兰，爱丁堡为首府
威尔士，加的夫，Cardiff为首府
北爱尔兰，贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府
伦敦，UK首都，皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。威斯敏斯特westminster，伦敦市的一个行政区，也叫西敏寺，这里有议会houses of parliament，包含大钟楼big ben，白厅whitehall即英国政府，白金汉宫buckingham palace即英国皇宫，还有st james’ hall 圣詹姆斯宫。
The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章，亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由，保障教会不受国王的控制，改革了法律和司法，限制国王及王室官员的行为。
议会雏形，1265年，Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会，就是最早的议会，后来发展了House of Lords上议院，House of Commons下议院。
玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革： Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎（duduo）打了玫瑰战争，都铎胜利，终成五代都铎王朝。亨利八世进行宗教改革，想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系，使英国教会独立起来。宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期，新教是Protestant，即基督教，改革叫做“The Reformation”。伊丽莎白一世时期，伊丽莎白为女王统治英国，她是基督教徒，大力推行新教，从此英国都是信奉新教。
文艺复兴运动 The English Renaissance
文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期，从1350-1650，有300年，从意大利发起，达芬奇等人为代表。在这段时期，罗马教会经历新教改革，人文主义兴起，海外探索（大航海时代？）。
英国内战 The Civil Wars
是国王和议会间的战争，Norttingham King Charles和议会开战，国王军是Cavaliers(骑士)，议会军是Roundheads(圆颅党)，因为他们短发。查尔斯战败，克伦威尔Cromwell称王。英国内战又称清教徒革命，因为国王的反对者多是清教徒Puritan。清教徒是基督教新教中的一派。这场战争颠覆了英国的封建制度，甚至动摇了欧洲的封建制度，被认为是世界现代史的开端。
王朝复辟 The Restoration
克伦威尔死后，儿子Richard 继位，但是统治失败，议会选择让上代国王流放法国的儿子King Charles 二世回归。
光荣革命 The Glorious Revolution
奥兰治王室（William of Orange橘子？英国的名字真搞笑），用一场不流血的政变夺了王室的权，William and Mary 共同接受了Bill of Right(1689)权利法案，英国“光荣革命”后巩固资产阶级与封建贵族联合专政、确立君主立宪政体的宪法性文件之一。君主立宪由此开始。辉格党和托利党（Whigs and Tories）
两党名称来自光荣革命，辉格党就是后来的Liberal party，托利党是Conservative party 宪章运动Chartist Movement
由于对改革法案《Reform Act》和新贫困法《New Poor Law》的不满，工人组织了伦敦工人联盟London Working Men’s Association，起草了人民宪章《People’s Charter》，想让议会通过但是失败，宪章运动是第一次全国性的工人运动。
工会和工党 Trade Unions and Labor Party
工人意识到联合的重要性，于是工会出现，Grand National Consolidated Trade Union成立，是全国的大公会，后来Trade Union Congress 开始。
殖民扩张Colonial Expansion
自1583年开始，英国在新大陆Newfoundland开始殖民统治，1900日不落帝国形成，“on which the sun never set”
君主政体
英国是君主立宪制 constitutional monarchy, 元首head of state is king or queen。Head of the commonwealth 是女王，现在是伊丽莎白二世。
议会组成
House of lords 上议院 house of commons 下议院下议院最有权力
政党：工党Labor Party 和Conservative Party保守党，政党的领导人是总理 Tony Blair是有史以来最年轻的工党领导人，总理。
枢密院 the Privy Council，是国家执行力机构，chief source of executive power in the state,可追溯到King’s Council
司法特点：no single legal system, no complete code,法律的来源包括：statutes法令，大量的common law，equity law衡平法，european community law。
二战后英国经济的发展
50s-60s稳定发展阶段，70s经济萧条，80s经济恢复：撒切尔夫人Mrs. Thatcher当选总理，推行中期财政计划Medium-term Financial Strategy
国教established chruches：在英国church of england，在苏格兰church of scotland 非国教 unestablished churches：英国圣公会anglican chruches，自由教free churches，天主教roman catholic church
美国概况
国旗：13条状红白相间，代表original的13个州，50颗星，代表50个州 1492年，哥伦布发现新大陆，Christopher Columbus.
独立战争the war of independence
1774年，第一届大陆国会continental congress在费城philadelphia召开，呼吁抵制英国货1775年，lexington（列克星敦）和concord（康科德）打仗独立战争开始。同年，第二届大陆会议在费城召开，乔治?华盛顿为领导人
1776年，汤玛斯?杰佛逊起草独立宣言
1783年，巴黎条约签署treaty of paris，英国承认美国独立。
1812年战争，the war of 1812
美国和英国间的最后一场战争，对美国影响很深，人们意识到强大的政府的重要性，加强了统一感和爱国感
美国内战the civil war
1861-1865，打了四年，北方胜利，北方为联邦军union army，南方为邦联军confederate army。林肯有名的葛底斯堡演说gettysburg address “that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth” 1 865年，第13修正案终结了奴隶制。
经济发展
镀金时代gilded age，借自马克吐温的书名，指内战到20世纪初
工业发展，亨利福特henry ford大规模生产汽车，莱特兄弟wright brothers设计第一架飞机升天，都在这个时候
1920s的大萧条与新政the great depression and the new deal 1929年，大萧条开始，持续4年罗斯福新政，Franklin D Roosevelt, the new deal 美国与二战
1941年，珍珠港被袭击，美国正式参战，核心国axis powers
北大西洋公约组织the founding of NATO
1949年，北大西洋条约签署，North Atlantic Treaty,任何对缔约国的攻击视为对所有缔约国的攻击。条约的生效标志着美国在苏联周围建立军事联盟的开端。苏联采取了类似的行动，建立了德国民主共和国set up the German Democratic Republic.至此，冷战全面开始。
1950s民权运动the civil rights movement
罗莎?帕克Rosa Parks,一位黑人女性，阿拉巴马，她拒绝给白人让座，被捕。马丁路德金开始领导黑人抵制。1956年，最高法院宣布阿拉巴马州的segregation laws unconstitutional。越南战争the vietnam war1950-1975(打了25年，有够长的)
为了实施对共产主义的牵制政策，the policy of containment of communism,美国与越南战争，结果这是美国有史以来最长的战争。1973年美国和北越南north vietnam签署停火协议，cease-fire agreement。简单来说，越南当时像朝鲜般南北分裂，南方是社会主义的，北方是当时的统治阶级，南方想要解放全国，统一南北。美国横插一脚，支持北方，搞了25年，最终还是南方的社会主义胜利，统一了全国。西贡Saigon是原来的首都，后来改名为胡志明市Ho Chi Minh City。
因为越南战争，美国国力下降，社会分歧，形象下降。
水门事件（Watergate scandal，或译水门丑闻）是美国历史上最不光彩的政治丑闻之一，其对美国本国历史以及整个国际新闻界都有着长远的影响，在1972年的总统大选中，为了取得民主党内部竞选策略的情报，1972年6月17日，以美国共和党尼克松Nixon竞选班子的首席安全问题顾问詹姆斯?麦科德（James W. McCord, Jr.）为首的5人闯入位于华盛顿水门大厦的民主党全国委员会办公室，在安装窃听器并偷拍有关文件时，当场被捕。由于此事，尼克松于1974年8月8日宣布将于次日辞职，从而成为美国历史上首位辞职的总统。中美关系
1972年，Nixon总统访华，签署上海公报Shanghai Communique。1979年，中美建交。美国宪法起草于1789年，世界上最早的成文宪法。共有7个articles。 Articla I，the Legislative Article立法只有国会有权立法，two-chamber system，包括senate参议院，house of representatives众议院。参议院100人，每个州来两人，众议院基于每个州的人口比例设立席位。 Article II，Executive Article执法总统任期4年
Article III，Judicial Article 司法
Supreme Court是国家的最高法院，以下是联邦法院federal court，最高法院和联邦法院的法官是总统任命，法官是终身职位。唯有最高法院有权解释宪法。
三权分立checks and balances
立法，执法，司法三权分立，legislative，executive，judicial，国会可立法，总统可否决，国会可通过三分之二选票再次通过，总统不可否决，但最高法院可以判定它违反宪法而否决它。
宪法修正案provisions for amendment
前十条宪法修正案称为bill of rights权利和自由法案
加拿大概况
首都：渥太华Ottawa, 最大省：魁北克Quebec
第一大城市：多伦多，2：蒙特利尔，3：温哥华，4：渥太华世界最大渔业出口国
国家元首：伊丽莎白二世
总督：履行女王职务governor general
实际政府领导人：总理prime minister
立法：议会立法parliament，议会由两部分组成senate（总督任命）和house of commons（根据人口），和美国类似，法律要两院通过，最后总督签字。
政党：自由党liberal party和保守党progressive conservative party
澳大利亚概况：
首都：堪培拉Canberra
第一大城：悉尼，2：墨尔本世界最大羊毛出口国
国家元首：英女王，和加拿大一样有总督和总理，联邦制国家
政党：工党（最大党）australian labour party和自由党liberal party，和英国不同，澳大利亚有成文宪法
议会参照英国，上议院senate（the upper house）和下议院house of representatives （the lower house）
新西兰概况
首都：惠灵顿Wellington 第一大城：奥克兰Auckland
世界最大羔羊肉，羊肉和奶制品出口国，称为the world’s biggest farm 国家元首：英女王政体：议会制君主立宪制
爱尔兰概况（注意不是北爱尔兰哦，不是英国的一部分呢）
首都：都柏林dublin
国家元首：注意了是总统
专八2003-人文知识真题及答案精编版
2003年英语专八人文知识真题 31. is not a nationally observed holiday of America. [A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Thanksgiving Day [D] Independence Day 32. The university of Dublin was not founded until . [A] the 19th century [B] the 18th century [C] the 17th century [D] the 16th century 33. The introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand in 1898. [A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Conservative Party 34. Irish culture experienced a golden age from to . [A] the eighth century, the eleventh century [B] the seventh century, the ninth century [C] the sixth century, the eighth century [D] the ?fth century, the seventh century 35. Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens? [A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times [C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers 36. is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period. [A] Sinclair Lewis [B] Eugene O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tennessee Williams 37. is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age. [A] Ernest Hemingway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulkner [D] Ezra Pound 38. is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of certain categories. [A] Concord [B] Immediate constituent [C] Syntagmatic relations [D] Government 39. studies the sound systems in a certain language. [A] Phonetics [B] Phonology [C] Semantics [D] Pragmatics 40. A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers is called . [A] situational dialect [B] slang [C] linguistic taboo [D] bilingualism 2004年英语专八人文知识真题 31. The following are products imported by Australia from China EXCEPT . [A] food [B] textiles [C] steel products [D] electronics 32. Scots regard as the most important festival in a year. [A] Near Year's Day [B] Christmas Day [C] New Year's Eve [D] Easter 33. The republican movement has been gathering momentum in Australia since became Prime Minister in 1992. [A] John Howard [B] Bob Hawke [C] Malcolm Fraser [D] Paul Keating 34. was known for his famous speech "I have a dream". [A] John F. Kennedy [B] Martin Luther King, Jr [C] Abraham Lincoln [D] Thomas Jefferson 35. Of all the 18th century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. [A] Daniel Defoe [B] Samuel Johnson [C] Oliver Goldsmith [D] Henry Feilding 36. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his .
专八人文知识(练习题)
专八人文知识(练习题) 篇一：★英语专八人文知识题与答案 英语专业八级人文知识 试题(1) 美国概况练习题： 1. The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____. 2. The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____. 3. The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____. 4. Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____. has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party. 6. The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____. years. institutions. 9. The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________. 10. _____ (which state ) is not governed by the common law. 练习题答案及题解:
英语专八英美文学常识汇总
英语专八英美文学常识汇总
3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea. 英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。 the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters. 迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。 "the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain. 1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。 gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands. 盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。 the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.
2015专八人文知识资料
人文知识汇 （十） 1. ____ is the oldest of all the parties in Ireland. A Finn Gael B The Progressive Democrats C Finna Fail D The Irish Labor Party 2. The largest state of all the states of America is___. A Texas B Alaska C California D Hawaii 3. had the title “the Wizard of Menlo Park”. A John Stevens B Charlie Chaplin C Thomas A Edison D Robert Fulton 4. major works: Last Supper is the most famous of religious pictures. A Loenardo da Vinci's B Titian C Raphael D Michelangelo 5. Which of the following was best known for his Madona (Virgin Mary)? ___ A Raphael B Michelangelo C Da Vinci D Titian 6. The first American President who inaugurated in Washington City was__. A George Washington B Thomas Jefferson C John Adants D Andrew Jackson 7. The “Big Stick”Policy was advanced by President__. A Franklin D. Roosevelt B William Mckinley C Thomas Woodrow Wilson D Theodore Rooservelt 8. What is the largest river in America? A the Ohio River B The Columbia C the Mississippi River D The Colorado 9. The United States is ___ populous country in the world. A the third most B the second most C the most D the fourth most 10.Which of the following is the father of the modern mode of painting? __ A Raphael B Titain C Loenardo da Vinci D Michelangelo 答案： 1.选D.爱尔兰最古老的政党是工党(The Irish Labour Party)，Finna Fail是爱尔兰的最大党，又称命运战士党(Soldiers of Destiny) 2.选B. Alaska(阿拉加斯州)是位于北美洲西北部，与美国本土48周不毗连，是美国所有州中面积最大的州。而在美国大陆，最大的州市Texas(得克萨斯州);美国最小的州是Rhode Island(罗得岛州) 3.选C.Thomas A Edison (爱迪生，1847-1931)美国著名的发明家，获得电灯、留声机、电影放映机等10093项发明专利权，1876年创办世界第一个工业试验室。“the Wizard of Menlo Park”(门洛帕奇的奇才)是人们对爱迪生的别称。Wizard指奇才，Menlo Park是新泽西州东北部的爱迪生纪念塔及州立公园所在地。 4.选A.达芬奇的《最后的晚餐》是世界上最有名的以宗教为主题的绘画作品，其《蒙娜丽莎》是世界俄上不朽的人物肖像画。他与Michelangelo (米卡朗琪罗)，Raphael (拉斐尔)和Titian (提香)是意大利文艺复兴鼎盛时期的四大代表。 5.选A. Raphael (拉斐尔，1483-1520)是意大利文艺复兴鼎盛时期著名的画家、建筑师，其代表作《圣母玛利亚》(Virgin Mary)影响深远。 6.选B.Thomas Jefferson (托马斯?杰斐逊)，美国第2届总统(1801-1809)，是the Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》的主要起草者，杰斐逊是第一位在首都华盛顿宣誓就职的总体。 7.选D.“Big Stick”(大棒政策)指以军事力量为后盾的外交政策。此语出于Theodore Roosevelt (西奥多?罗斯福总统)喜欢引用的西非谚语“说话温柔，大棒在手。”西奥多?罗斯
专八人文知识总结(终)
专八人文知识总结(终) 英语专业八级考试人文知识 -- 文学 Ⅰ英国文学 一、 The Anglo-Saxon period古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066） The Song of Beowulf（贝奥武甫）：英国的民族史诗（epic），口头文学遗产 二、 The Anglo-Norman period中古英语时期的英国文学（1066-1350） 1、 allegory非常盛行 2、 Romance（传奇文学）：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 高文爵士和绿衣骑 士 3、Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟: “Father of English poetry”被誉为英国诗歌之父,代表作The Canterbury Tales，首引入“英雄偶句体”(the Heroic Couplet)，。 4、Ballads 民谣：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》。 三、 The Renaissance文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪） 1、 Thomas More托马斯·莫尔： Utopia《乌托邦》 2、 Thomas Wyatt 最先将sonnet引入英国文学。 3、 Philips Sidney锡德尼：An Apology for Poetry((also known as The Defense of Poetry)《为诗辩护》，这是伊丽莎白时代文学批评的最佳之作。Arcadia《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱。 4、Edmund Spenser斯宾塞: The Fairy Queen《仙后》, the greatest epic poem of the time. 5、William Shakespeare莎士比亚：plays and sonnets 四大悲剧:《哈姆雷特》Hamlet《奥赛罗》Othello《李尔王》king Lear《麦克白》Macbeth 四大喜剧:《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of Venice 《仲夏夜之梦》A Midsummer Night's Dream《皆大欢喜》As You Like It《第十二夜》Twelfth night 7、Ben Johnson 本·琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》 8、 John Donne约翰·多恩metaphysical poet“玄学派”诗歌创始人
专八人文知识总结
英国文学 一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066） 1、贝奥武夫 2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父 二、中古英语时期的英国文学 1、allegory体非常盛行 2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度 3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士 4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》 5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体） 6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》 三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪） 1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》 2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet 3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》 《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱 4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节； 5、莎士比亚： 长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》 四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白 7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》 8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人 9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣
10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一 《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑 《学术的推进》和《新工具》 四、启蒙时期（18世纪） 1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》 2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory 3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人； 《论戏剧诗》 4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作 5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》 6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌； 7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人； 8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》 9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满； 10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》； 11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史； 12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。安德鲁》；《汤姆.琼斯》，英国现实主义小说的最高成就； 13、劳伦斯、斯特恩：感伤主义小说的杰出代表，《项狄传》，第一部开创了意识流小说的先驱之作品；《感伤的旅行》 14、Oliver Goldsmith：《好心人》；《屈伸求爱》；《威客菲尔德牧师传》，感伤主义文学； 诗歌《荒村》从新古典主义向浪漫主义过渡的标志； 散文作品《世界公民》； 15、谢里丹：《造谣学校》，莎士比亚之后最杰出的英国喜剧，是整个英国史上最优秀的作品之一；达到英国“风俗喜剧”之巅； 五、维多利亚时期的英国文学（19世纪）
英语专八人文知识考试总结
英语专八人文知识考试总结 1 专八考试人文知识考试内容总结 其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。英国文学主要分为六个时期： 1. Old and Medieval English Literature（中古英国文学）。 2. The Renaissance Period（文艺复兴时期）。 3. The Neoclassical Period（新古典主义时期）。 4. The Romantic Period（维多利亚时期）。 5. The Victorian Period（维多利亚时期）。 6. The Modern Period（现代时期）。 美国文学主要分为四个时期： 1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence（独立革命前后的文学）。 2. American Romanticism（美国浪漫主义文学）。 3. American Realism（美国现实主义文学）。 4. American Modernism（美国现代主义文学）。 语言学，考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学，音位学，形态学，句法学，语义学和语言学的知识。 关于英语国家概况，英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程，但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况，不光包括英国和美国，还有其他一些说英语的地区，包括爱尔兰概况，加拿大概况，澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。 3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france
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练习题： 1、The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is the Mississippi River. 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。 2、The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. 最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。 3、The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is Non-hispanics white. 非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。 4、Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is African Americans. 2000年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。2000年以后，拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数，成为美国第一大少数民族群体。 5、America has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party. 美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。 6、The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by World War II. 第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。 7、In the United States, primary education requires Six years years. 美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。 8、Most college students in the United States are in Public institutions. 大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。 9、The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court. 10、Louisana (which state )is not governed by the common law. 路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。 11、Of the fifty states of America, 38 states now have the death penalty as punishment. 美国现有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。 12、The four major regions of the United Sates are Northeast, South, Midwest and Wes t. 美国的主要四大部分不包括北部。 13、The New England Region region’s culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit. 美国的新英格兰地区，也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。 14、California is the largest state in terms of size and population in America. 加利福尼亚州是美国最大的州，拥有人口也最多。 15、＂Hollywood＂is often used as a synonym for American films. 好莱坞是美国著名的电影制造地。 16、The most important and largest river in the United States of America is the Mississippi River. 美国最长的河流是密西西比河，也是美国最重要的一条河流。被美国人视为“众河之父”，沿河流域也是美国的主要农作物产区。17、The north-eastern part of the United States ――New England enjoys a typical continental climate. 美国东北部的新英格兰地区是典型的大陆性气候。冬天寒冷，夏天炎热。
2021年英语专业八级考试人文知识精选练习题及答案2
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Test 1 1.In Britain, where does the Changing of the Guard take place? a)Buckingham Palace. b)Downing Street. c)Victoria and Albert Museum. d)The Tower of London. 2.What is a double-decker? a) A bus.b) A chocolate bar. c) A taxi. d) A two-storey building. 3.Of all the symbols, ________, which are considered to represent fertility and new life, are those most frequently associated with Easter. a)the pumpkin and the turkey b)the lamb and the beef c)the spring peas and the potatoes d)the egg and the rabbit 4.The first landing by Europeans in Australia was in 1606, but what is their nationality? a) Dutch. b) French. c) Spanish. d) British. 5.Middle English was used by the poet _______. a) Hardy b) Chaucer c) Shakespeare d) Milton 6.“A Tale of Two Cities” w as written by ______. a) William Shakespeare b) Goeffrey Chaucer c) Charles Dickens d) Thomas Jefferson 7.Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression? a) Religion and immortality. b) Life and Death. c) Love and marriage. d) War and peace. 8.What three components, generally, make up a system of a typical language? a)Phonology, syntax, semantics. b)Semiosis, syntax, frames. c)Frames, semantics, utterances. d)Sign, sign, signs. 9.Of the following word-formation processes, _______ is the most productive. a) clipping b) blending c) initialism d) derivation 10.“The pen is mightier than the sword.” is an example of ______. a) metonymy b) transferred epithet c) oxymoron d) metaphor
专八人文知识
1.The first known settlers of Britain were ____． 答案：the Iberians 2. On the island of Great Britain, there are three political divisions--- ____． 答案：England，Scotland，and Wales 3. Great Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the ____ in the south．答案：English Channel 4. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands, and the ____ are mainly lowlands． 答案：east and south 5. The most important river in Britain is____． 答案：the Thames 6. Britain?s longest river is ____． 答案：the Severn 7. The highest mountain in Britain is ____． 答案：Ben Nevis 8. The Highlanders are the ____ who live in the mountainous region of the Highlands. 答案：Scots 9. The Eisteddfod is a(n)——festival of poetry, music and the others. 答案：Welsh 10. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in _____． 答案：55 BC 11. Christianity was first brought to England by ____． 答案：the Romans 12. William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings in____. 答案：1066 13. When the Hundred Years? War ended in 1453, the only part of France that was still in the hands of English is ____．j 答案：Calais 14. In England, the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies was ____． 答案：the Gunpowder Plot 15. The law, which joined England and Scotland in 1707, was ____． 答案：the Act of Union 16. The Tories were the forerunners of ____，which still bears this nickname today． 答案：the Conservative Party 17. In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of ____． 答案：the Prime Minister 18. The Norwegian Vikings began to attack various parts of England from the end of the ____ century． 答案：8th
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