任务型写作之概括练习

2016届高二任务型写作练习与指导

总述：广东省高考任务型写作总分25分，包含两部分，第一部分是30个单词的概要（5分），第二部分是120个单词的要点写作，近几年的高考都是三个写作要点（20分）

因读写任务“写作内容”所列要点的顺序已具有内在的逻辑性，所以考生应该按照试题所给内容要点的顺序写作。一般是每个写作要点安排为一个自然段，且将写作内容的每个要点作为各段的主题句，将主题句放在各段的开头，这样既可以避免考生在写作时跑题或遗漏要点，又方便阅卷老师落实要点是否齐全。

一．如何写摘要：

1.概括文章大意的步骤：

（1）定位中心词：写作中要求考试发表议论的主题，往往就是所阅读短文要论述的主题，所以可以从命题者给出的论题里找到中心词，以防离题。如要求就“Appreciations Make Us More Confident”主题发表意见，那么appreciation就是原文的中心词。

练习：Does pressure do harm to students? 中心词是：_______

(2) 找出中心句：找到中心词后，应回到原文中找到中心句。

说明文跟议论文的中心句一般在开头或是结尾，有时也在第二句，或是藏在文章某个地方。

故事性的文章一般没有现成的中心句，需要自己去归纳总结。

(3) 重构主题句：题目要求不可以抄原文，因此考生应围绕中心词和中心句自己重写主题句。采用的方法有：改变词性，同义替换，语态互换，转换句型等。概括要全面但不要太详细。一般来说把每个段落的大意整合在一起就是该文章的中心意思。

(4)重组支撑句：补充或是提供证据。

即时练习：找出下列文段的中心句子,在文中划出来，并按要求改写：

文段1：

Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than house wives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job holders. A study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 1%, the death rate decreases correspondingly by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health.

利用同义词改写原主题句：____________________________________________

文段2：

As the old saying goes, you don’t know what the happiness is until you lose it; you don’t know what the health is until you are ill. “Health is of vital importance to life.” Sounds like achieve to everyone, but it is absolutely true.

利用同义词改写原主题句：__________________________________________

文段3：

Women teachers are holding back boys by scolding them for typically male behavior, according to a study out today. They hold the belief that boys are “silly” in class, refuse to “ sit nicely like the girls” and are more likely to be addicted to “schoolboy tricks”. Women teachers may also unconsciously have low expectations of boys’ academic achievement and encourage

girls to work harder, thinking that they are cleverer.

利用改变语态改写原主题句：

_________________________________________________________________

文段4：

Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.

利用词性转换改写原主题句：_________________________________________

2.概括文章大意的方法：

（分文体：记叙文、议论文、说明文、演讲、新闻报道）

(1)记叙文：要素串联法（以回答问题的方式：①谁做了什么②结果怎样③说明了什么）

记叙文又分三类进行概括：

1）单纯的记叙事件的文章：只需概括该事件（即回答上面①②两个问题）

2）在记叙文的末尾又点题句或者是升华的主题或者是记叙的事件给人的启示：概括时要概括该事件+ 启示（即回答上面①②③三个问题）

3）夹叙夹议的文章：概括该事件+作者的看法、观点、感悟、经验（即回答上面①②③三个问题）

注意：概要的时态一般跟原文时态一致，

人称使用第三人称表述如I 应表述为the writer / she/ he / the author ，

不得加入考生个人的观点

记叙文概括段落模板：

介绍故事内容（人物+主要事件和结果+故事的启示或是道理）

练习：

Today I was having a PE lesson when I fell down and hurt my foot. I was in great pain at that moment, but I tried to act as if nothing had happened until the class is over. Though I had difficulty walking back to my classroom, I still didn’t tell anyone and refused the offer of my classmates. As a result, the hurt in my foot became worse. Now I know I’m wrong. We can tell others our need for help and accept their help. Some day we can help others in return. In this way, we can get along with each other happily and peacefully.

阅读材料回答以下三个问题并用自己的话将其串起来写一个30字的概括：

①谁做了什么？______________________

②结果怎样？_________________________

③说明了什么？______________________________

Summary:___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

（2）说明文：

在了解了说明文的主旨以及说明顺序之后将说明文分三类进行：

1）描写某事物的功用性质，概要则应包括：描写的对象+性质功用+利弊

模板：

In the passage, the writer introduces…（对象）to us, especially its…(性质或功用)，from which