2018年广州市初中毕业生学业中考英语试卷真题含答案.pdf
2018年广州市初中毕业生学业中考英语试卷真题含答案
一、语法选择
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Xian Xinghai was a very famous musician in China. He wrote one of the greatest pieces of
music of the 20th century. In his short life he wrote___1___300 songs and an opera.
Xian was bom in Panyu, Guangdong, China in 1905. Because his father died before he was
born, Xian moved from place to place with-___2___mother. He began learning to play___3___violin
when he was 20 years old. In the beginning, his violin was___4___cheap and badly made that
he___5___not play it well. His friends laughed at him. Xian did not stop_____6_____and soon showed
his talent. In 1934, he was one of the first Chinese students___7___ studied in a special music
school in Paris. Before he_____8_____, Xian became the schools best student_____9_____won several
prizes for his talents.
In 1935, he returned to China and helped fight against the Japanese army. Later, he came to
Yan'an___10___music at a college._____11_____there were no pianos in Yan'an at that time Xian still
wrote ___12___of his most important music there, including The Yellow River, his most famous work.
In May 1940, Xian _____13_____to the Soviet Union by the Chinese Communist Party to write
music for movies. In the Soviet Union, life was very_____14_____. Xian got sick and later died of a
lung illness _____15_____October 30, 1945, aged only 40. Xian's music, however, lives on in the
people's hearts.
1. A. near B. nearly C. nearby D. nearer
2. A. he B. him C. hi s D. he’ｓ
3. A. a B. an C. the D. this
4. A. so B. such C. very D. much
5. A. need B. may C. should D. could
6. A. practice B. practicing C. to practice D. practised
7. A. what B. which C. whom D. who
8. A. leave B. leaves C. left D. was leaving
9. A. and B. but C. as D. or
10. A. teach B. taught C. teaching D. to teach
11. A. If B. Although C. When D. Because
12. A. any B. little C. few D. some
13. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. was sending
14. A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest
15. A. at B. in C. on D. by
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C
【解析】试题分析：冼星海是中国著名的音乐家。他创作了20世纪最伟大的音乐作品之一。在他短暂的一
生中，他创作了300首歌曲和一部歌剧。本文主要介绍了他短暂的一生，但是他的音乐却活在人们的心中。
1. 句意：在短短的一生中，他创作了近300首歌曲和一部歌剧。A. near介词，在…附近，方位介词； B. nearly 副词，接近；C. nearby 形容词或副词，在附近；D. nearer形容词或副词，更近的。本题指数量上“接近”，需要副词nearly。故选：B。
2. 句意：因为他父亲在他出生之前就去世了，他和母亲从一个地方搬到另一个地方。 A. he人称代词，作
主语；B. him人称代词，作宾语； C. his 形容词词性物主代词，他的，可作定语； D. he’ｓ
他是。本句用
在mother之前作定语。故选：C。
3. 句意：他20岁时开始学习拉小提琴。 A. a 不定冠词，一个，泛指；B. an不定冠词，一个，泛指；C. the
定冠词，这（那），专指、特指； D. this指示代词，这、这个，近指。固定表达“play the+音乐器材”。故选：C。
4. 句意：一开始，他的小提琴很便宜，制作很糟糕，以至于他演奏不好。 A. so副词，如此、这么； B. such
形容词，这样的； C. very副词，很；D. much形容词，很多；或副词，很。根据语义可知，本句为“ so
+形容词/副词+ that +句子”引导的结果状语从句。故选：A。
5. 句意：一开始，他的小提琴很便宜，制作很糟糕，以至于他演奏不好。 A. need情态动词，需要；B. may
/副词+ that +句
情态动词，可能； C. should情态动词，应该； D. could情态动词，能。在“ so +形容词
子”引导的结果状语从句中，常使用情态动词can/could。故选：D。
6. 句意：冼星海没有停止练习，很快就展现出他的才华。practice动词，练习；practicing动名词；to practice
不定式；practised过去式。stop doing停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）；stop to do停下来做某事（to
do是要做的事情）。此处指“停止拉小提琴”。故选：B。
7. 句意：1934年，他是巴黎一所特殊音乐学校的首批中国学生之一。 A. what疑问代词，什么； B. which
疑问代词，哪个； C. whom 疑问代词，谁，宾格； D. who疑问代词，谁，主格。本句为定语从句，先行
词the first Chinese students，关系词为whom/who。由于关系词在句中作主语，所以用主格who。故
选：D。
8. 句意：在他离校之前，冼星海成为了学校里最好的学生，并因他的才华获得了几个奖项。 A. leave动词，
离开；B. leaves三单形式；C. left过去式； D. was leaving过去进行时态。本句描述过去发生的事情，谓
语动词使用过去式。故选：C。
9. 句意：在他离开学校之前，冼星海成为了学校里最好的学生，并因他的才华获得了几个奖项。 A. and连
词，并且，表示并列关系； B. but连词，但是，表示转折关系； C. as连词，当...时候。引导时间状语从句；
D. or连词，或者，表示选择关系。“成为最好的学生”与“获得奖项”之间是并列关系。故选：A。
10. 句意：后来，他来到延安，在一所大学教音乐。 A. teach动词，教；B. taught过去式，教；C. teaching 现在分词或动名词，教； D. to teach动词不定式，教。本题为动词不定式作目的状语。故选：D。
11. 句意：虽然当时延安还没有钢琴，但他仍然在延安创作了一些最重要的音乐，包括他最著名的作品《黄河》。A. If 连词，如果/是否，引导条件状语从句/宾语从句； B. Although连词，虽然、即使，引导让步状
语从句； C. When连词，当...时候，引导时间状语从句； D. Because连词，因为，引导原因状语从句。根
据语境可知是“让步关系”。故选：B。
12. 句意：虽然当时延安还没有钢琴，但他仍然在延安创作了一些最重要的音乐，包括他最著名的作品《黄河》。A. any代词，任何，常与疑问句与否定句连用； B. little代词，很少，代替不可数名词，否定含义；
C. few代词，很少，代替可数名词，否定含义；
D. some代词，一些，肯定含义。根据语境可知，此处为
肯定含义“一些重要的音乐”。故选：D。
13. 句意：1940年5月，中国共产党将冼星海送往苏联，为电影谱曲。 A. sent送，派遣； B. was sent一般过去时态的被动结构； C. has sent现在完成时态； D. was sending过去进行时态。根据主谓之间的被动
关系可知，本句使用“过去时态的被动语态”。故选：B。
14. 句意：在苏联，生活很艰难。 A. hard形容词，困难的； B. harder比较级，困难的； C. hardest最高级，最困难的； D. the hardest最高级，最困难的。根据语境，此处没有“作比较”的语境，因而形容词使
用原级。故选：A。
15. 句意：在1945年10月30日，冼星海生病后死于肺病，年仅40岁。A. at 时间介词，在，表示具体的点刻； B. in介词，在，表示某一段时间内； C. on介词，在，在具体的某一天； D. by介词，在...之前。本句指在具体10月30号。故选：C。
点睛：整体把握语篇大意，揣摩上下文文意，理解语境并关注词汇、短语之间的对应关系，选择最符合作
者表达意图的选项；辨析定语从句中的关系词，把握其各自含义和用法；理清上下文之间的转折、承接、
让步、补充说明等关系，选择合适的连词。
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~25各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Before graduating college, Jackie began to look for a job. She aimed at a famous company,
but the ____16____for such jobs was very strong. The company Jackie chose planned to employ
only one person, but more than twenty people applied for the job. ___17___, Jackie was one of the
three people invited for the final interview. The interview was very ___18___. The interviewer asked
just a few questions and it was all over in less than 10 minutes. Then the interviewer said to them,
"All of you are very good. Please go home and _____19_____our response.”
Three days later, Jackie received a message saying she would not be ____20____the job. She felt
deeply disappointed. That evening. however she received another ____21____. This time it said that
she got the job.
Jackie later found out that the first message sent to her phone was part of the
interview---a____22____to see if she was suitable for the job. All the three people received
the____23____text, but only Jackie's reply____24____ the company Of the three, one did not reply.
and Jackie said “thank you”. This reply showed that Jackie was The other said “goodbye”
a/an____25____person, so the company offered her the job.
16. A. exam B. work C. competition D. plan
17. A. Thankfully B. Unluckily C. Hopefully D. Immediately
18. A. long B. strict C. interesting D. simple
19. A. pick up B. wait for C. deal with D. think of
20. A. offered B. returned C. refused D. shown
21. A. letter B. e-mail C. call D. message
22. A. guide B. conversation C. test D. lesson
23. A. same B. other C. second D. whole
24. A. reached B. satisfied C. helped D. surprised
25. A. brave B. clever C. polite D. honest
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 【解析】试题分析：大学毕业前，Jackie开始找工作。她瞄准了一家著名的公司，但这样的工作的竞争非
常激烈。在面试的过程中，Jackie展示了其礼貌的品质，所以公司给了她这份工作。
16. 句意：她瞄准了一家著名的公司，但这样的工作的竞争非常激烈。 A. exam名词，考试； B. work 名词，工作；C. competition名词，竞争；D. plan名词，计划。根据后文The company Jackie chose planned
to employ only one person, but more than twenty people applied for the job.可知，工作竞争大。
故选：C。
17. 句意：谢天谢地，Jackie是被邀请参加最后面试的三人之一。 A. Thankfully副词，幸亏、感激地； B. Unluckily副词，不幸地； C. Hopefully副词，有希望地； D. Immediately副词，立刻。竞争大，所以“感
激地”成为最后面试的三人之一。故选：A。
18. 句意：面试很简单。 A. long形容词，长的； B. strict形容词，严格的； C. interesting形容词，有趣的；D. simple形容词，简单的。根据后文The interviewer asked just a few questions and it was all over
in less than 10 minutes.可知，面试简单。故选：D。
19. 句意：请回家等待我们的回复。 A. pick up捡起；B. wait for等候；C. deal with处理；D. think of
想到、认为。根据语境可知，面试后“等候” 回复。故选：B。
20. 句意：三天后，Jackie收到一条短信说她不会得到这份工作。本题考察被动语态中的过去分词。 A. offered提供；B. returned归还、返回；C. refused拒绝；D. shown展示。根据语境可知，本句为“offter sb. sth提供给某人某物” 的被动语态。故选：A。
21. 句意：那天晚上，然而，她收到了另一个信息。 A. letter名词，书信；B. e-mail名词，邮件； C. call 名词，电话； D .message名词，信息。根据前文Three days later, Jackie received a message saying
可知，此处为“另一条信息”。故选：D。
22. 句意：Jackie后来发现，发送到她手机的第一个消息是面试的一部分——测试她是否适合这份工作。
A. guide名词，导游；
B. conversation名词，会话；
C. test名词，测试；
D. lesson名词，课。面试的一
部分，所以是一项“测试”。故选：C。
23. 句意：这三个人都收到了同样的短信，但只有Jackie的答复使公司满意。 A. same形容词，相同的；
B. other形容词，其他的；
C. second序数词，第二；
D. whole形容词，整个的。根据语境可知，测试的
内容应是“相同的”。故选：A。
24. 句意：这三个人都收到了同样的短信，但只有Jackie的答复使公司满意。 A. reached动词，到达； B. satisfied动词，使满意； C. helped动词，帮助； D. surprised动词，使惊奇。根据前文This time it said that she got the job.可知，Jackie的答复“使公司满意”。故选：B。
25. 句意：这个回答表明Jackie是一个有礼貌的人，所以公司给了她这份工作。 A. brave形容词，勇敢的；
B. clever形容词，聪明的；
C. polite形容词，礼貌的；
D. honest形容词，诚实的。根据前文The other said
Jackie是礼貌的。故选：C。
“goodbye” and Jackie said “thank you”可知，
三、阅读
第一节阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从26~45各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该
项涂黑。
（A）
For his eleventh birthday, Lin was given a gift that would shape his life. On that day his father
took him to the Children’s Activity Centre and said he could choose any course that interested
him. There was just one requirement: Lin would have to promise to study it for at least one year.
To that point Lin had had many hobbies, but none kept his interest for more than a week or
two. His mum once gave him a bag of stamps to encourage stamp collecting. That hobby lasted a
week. Then his father got him some paints hoping that Lin's artistic side would shine through.
Those paints were now under his bed, still unopened. This time Lin’s parents would let him decide.
Lin's eyes moved down the noticeboard that listed all the courses on offer. He stopped at
"Photography". He liked the idea of taking beautiful pictures but the notice said that each student
needed their own camera. Although Lin's family weren't poor, they weren’t rich either, a camera cost a lot of money. He continued looking.
The next course to catch his eye was "Language Art". He didn’t even know what that meant.
His father explained that it taught people how to make public speeches. Lin, a shy boy, could think
of nothing worse.
Then he saw it. "Cooking" sounded like something he'd like to do. It was inexpensive and
convenient, it could be done alone and it was also creative.
Based on Lin’s hobby history, his dad had doubts, but he agreed. Much to his parents'
surprise, Lin kept his promise. He studied cooking at the Centre every Saturday, and practised at
home, making delicious meals for his family. Everyone looked forward to birthdays, when they
could eat his cakes. Lin got great satisfaction from the pleasure his food brought to others.
The months turned to years but his hobby never changed again.
Now Lin is an adult and runs a successful restaurant. When customers say they enjoy his meal,
he still gets the same pleasure he did as a child, and remembers the special gift he received all
those years ago.
26. Why didn't Lin choose to study photography?
A. It was too expensive.
B. He had no interest in it.
C. He was not very creative.
D. It was not offered that term.
”．
27. The underlined expression "catch his eye" in Paragraph 4 means “
A. make him excited
B. cause him surprise
C. get his attention
D. help him see clearly
28. Which of the following best describes Lin's interest in cooking?
A. It only lasted for a short time.
B. It seemed to match his character.
C. It was forced on him by his parents.
D. It developed slowly over many months.
29. Why did the father have doubts about Lin's choice of cooking?
A. Lin wasn't good at cooking.
B. Cooking wasn't very convenient.
C. He didn’t think Lin would continue.
D. Cooking wasn't a good hobby for a boy.
30. What's the best title for the passage?
A. A Strict Father
B. A Changeable Boy
C. The Fun of Cooking
D. The Birthday Gift
【答案】26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D
【解析】试题分析：本文主要介绍了林在11岁时，那天他父亲带他去儿童活动中心，说他可以选择任何令
他感兴趣的课程。就在那天他收到了一份改变他一生的特殊礼物。
26. 根据第三段第三行Although Lin's family weren't poor, they weren’t rich either, and a camera cost a lot of money. 可知，不选择学习摄影，是因为花费高。故选：A。
27. catch动词，抓住、赶上；根据前文He continued looking.，以及后文His father explained that it
taught people how to make public speeches.可推知，"Language Art".引起了他的注意。故选：C。
28. 根据第四段最后一句Lin, a shy boy, could think of nothing worse., 以及第五段"Cooking"
sounded like something he'd like to do. It was inexpensive and convenient, it could be done alone
and it was also creative. 可知，“烹饪”这似乎符合他的性格。故选：B。
29. 根据第二段第一句To that point Lin had had many hobbies, but none kept his interest for more
than a week or two可知，他认为林不会坚持下去。故选：C。
30. 根据本文主要介绍了林在11岁时，那天他父亲带他去儿童活动中心，说他可以选择任何令他感兴趣的
课程。就在那天他收到了一份改变他一生的特殊礼物。所以The Birthday Gift最符合文意。故选：D。
（B）
Experts believe that there are more than 8 million restaurants in the world today. So it might
surprise you to learn that restaurants, as we know them, have only existed for a few centuries.
Before 1765, there were no restaurants. That is, there were no places that provided the restaurant
experience. There was nowhere in which a waiter brought you food and drink that you picked
from a menu. In fact, there were no menus anywhere.
There were eating places travellers could go to centuries before that. The countryside was full of
inns that would serve food. And there were taverns where one could get drinks. The rich could
also eat special meals prepared by private cooks. But none of them could be called a
“restaurant”．
A man called Boulanger changed that. In 1765, he opened a place in Paris that sold soups(汤). On his sign he used the word "restaurant" to describe what he was selling. At that time, soups
were considered something that could help "restore"(恢复)your health- in French the word
--- so he called the soups "restaurants". Soon, people started buying
"restore" is “restaurer”
Boulanger's soups even when they were not ill. And over time, people began to use the word
"restaurant" to refer to a place selling soup rather than the soup itself. More "restaurants" opened
in France, and people began to buy soups more often.
Later, restaurants in Paris began to serve other food besides soup. In the 1790s, menus started to
appear. By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout the world. The United
States offered coffee shops. T ea houses became popular throughout China. Paris created
beautiful restaurants for the rich. The British began to copy the French, and the restaurant idea
spread throughout the British Empire.
Today cities are filled with all types of restaurants. Diners have millions of options from which to
2018年广州中考英语试题及答案
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2018年广州市中考数学试卷及答案[真题]
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2018年北京市中考数学试卷
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【解析】∵，∴34a <<，故A 选项错误； 数轴上表示b 的点在表示c 的点的左侧，故B 选项正确； ∵0a <，0c >，∴0ac <，故Ｃ选项错误； ∵0a <，0c >，a c >，∴0a c +<，故D 选项错误． 【考点】实数与数轴 3．方程组33814x y x y -=??-=? 的解为 A ．12x y =-??=? B ．12x y =??=-? C ．21x y =-??=? D ．21x y =??=-? 【答案】D 【解析】将4组解分别代入原方程组，只有D 选项同时满足两个方程，故选D ． 【考点】二元一次方程组的解 4．被誉为“中国天眼”的世界上最大的单口径球面射电望远镜FAST 的反射面总面积相当于 35个标准足球场的总面积．已知每个标准足球场的面积为27140m ，则FAST 的反射面积总面积约为 A ．327.1410m ? B ．427.1410m ? C ．522.510m ? D ．622.510m ? 【答案】C 【解析】5714035249900 2.510?=≈?（2m ），故选C ． 【考点】科学记数法 5．若正多边形的一个外角是60?，则该正多边形的内角和为
2018年广州市中考英语试卷及答案
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