《欧洲文化入门》课程教学大纲

欧洲文化入门课程教学大纲

（适用对象：英语专业本科一年级）

一、说明

（一）课程简介：

本课程是为英语专业学生基础阶段开设的文化选修课，旨在通过重点介绍欧洲的文化历史、文化传统，宗教信仰、风俗习惯和语言发展，帮助大学生拓展有关欧洲文化历史发展的知识，提高阅读英文书刊和同英语国家人士交往的能力，以及对于当今国际社会的政治、经济和文化现象进行分析的能力，从而激发他们的兴趣，为进一步学习打下基础。授课形式以讲为主，抓住重点，分清主次，了解大概，忽略细节。

（二）编写依据：

根据2000年教育部批准实施的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》，英语专业的学生需要了解与英语国家的文化历史、文化传统，宗教信仰、风俗习惯和语言发展相关的知识，进一步扩大知识面，增强对文化差异的敏感性，提高综合运用英语进行交际的能力。

（三）目的任务：

本课程主讲教师建立所授课程的教学网页，向学生提供相关的电子教案、课程内容和网络链接，努力帮助学生实现课前阅读、课堂讨论、课后自选专题进行个性化网上扩展阅读，就当今世界东西方文化碰撞所导致的政治、经济、军事等方面的矛盾，以史为鉴，进行思考和分析，然后完成小论文，从而逐步培养他们的思辨能力。

（四）课程类别：专业选修课

二、教学安排与学时分配表

第一章：文化的定义，文化的类型，欧洲文化的源头与特点。教学用4学时。第二章：古希腊文化：历史背景、社会政治结构、文化构成、文化影响。教学用2学时。

第三章：古罗马文化：历史背景、社会政治结构、文化构成、文化影响。教学用2学时。

第四章：犹太教-基督教文化：犹太教与基督教的异同、圣经的形成与影响。教学用4学时。

第五章：旧约：文本选读、历史意义与神学意义。教学用2学时。

第六章：新约：文本选读、历史意义与神学意义。教学用2学时。

第七章：中世纪文化：历史特征、教会发展、科学文学艺术建筑。教学用4学时。第八章：文艺复兴：社会经济基础、人文主义、文学艺术。教学用4学时。

第九章：宗教改革：特点与意义、罗马天主教、希腊正教、基督新教。教学用4学时。

第十章：启蒙运动的历史背景与成就、古典主义与浪漫主义、法国革命。教学用4学时。

第十一章：马克思主义、达尔文主义、现实主义、自然主义、现代主义。教学用4学时。

三、教学内容与知识点

第一章General Introduction to the Course

知识点：

1.The Mediterranean Civilization and the development of the Western Civilization；

2.History as a mirror; Literature as a mirror; Language as a mirror，a carrier of culture；

3.Broad sense of Culture;

4.Cultural awareness and the ability of discovery, analysis, solution--thinking and expressing

in English;

5.Ways of learning culture;

6.The Iraqi war ----and American unilateralism;

7.The image of pagan gods;

8.The image of Christian God;

9.Buddhism and Daoism in China;

10.Scientific socialism ----and social-democratism;

第二章Greek Culture

知识点：

1.Ancient Greece:

1).Definition;

2).Prime of the civilization:

freedom of self-government treasured---ruled with no king;

2.the significance of learning Greek mythology?

1) Greek mythology reflects the Greeks’

a. deification of natural forces;

b. idealization of human powers;

c. perception, interpretation and personification of the universe;

d. rich and colorful treasure of oral literary creation in the primitive society;

2) lifelike materials to understand early human civilizations:

a. mode of production—farming;

b. social structure—matriarchal;

c. family structure—communal marriage;

3.its influence on the shaping of the European culture:

a. development of Roman culture;

b. development of Christian culture;

c. as subjects for artistic creation in painting, sculpture, music, literature;

4.the three principal types of figures involved in Greek mythology;.

5.the nature of Greek gods;

6.the nature of Greek heroes;

7.the functions of Greek mythology;

8.the origins of Greek mythology;

第三章Roman Culture

知识点：

1.the notion of Roman Republic;

2.the combination of Greco- Roman mythology;

3.the story of Romulus and Remus ;

4. the story of Aeneas about the founding of the city of Rome;

5.How did Roman mythology inspire artists of the time?

6.What did early Romans associate their gods with?

7.functions of gods early Romans cared about;

8.the importance of Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus to the early Romans;

9.the roles of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva in the 6th century BC;

10.the importance of the Capitoline temple in the time of the Roman Republic;

11.causes for the Romans to accept gods of other cultures;

12.religious belief in the Greek gods introduced into Rome

13.domestic gods and gods of the fields the Romans;

14.conclusion of the practice of the religion devoted to more gods;

15.development of the Roman treatment of emperors as gods.

第四章Greco-Roman Culture

知识点：

1.the difference between the Jewish and Christian Bible;

2.the significant feature in the ordering of books in the Jewish Bible;

3.the significant feature in the ordering of books in the Christian Old Testament;

4.the role of the Bible in Jewish and Christian religious life;

5.the significant feature in the ordering of books in New Testament;

6.the general linguistic features of the poetic works in the Old Testament;

7.the general themes of the Hebrew wisdom poetry;

第五章Old Testament

知识点：

1.the Hebrew laws in the Old Testament;;

2.the Old Testament and the history of Israel;

3.the major theological themes of the Old Testament;

4.the spiritual standards of the Old Testament;

第六章New Testament

知识点：

1.the original language of the New Testament;

2.the four major types of literature in its documents;

3. How is the New Testament related to history?

A. with stories of Jesus and Christian church in time sequence;

B. infancy story of Jesus set on that of Moses in the Old Testament;

C. Apostles in 12 Israeli tribes and the early church

4.the major theological themes of the New Testament;

A. God-creator; sustainer of universe; source/end of all; with love, justice, mercy,

judgment and forgiveness;

B. Jesus-as a prophet like Moses, the second Adam, the Son of God, the eternal mediator

of creation and redemption, as presence of God, his sufferings and death as God’s relentless love, his resurrection as God’s approval of his life, death, and message

C. Holy spirit-as active presence of God, which empowered Jesus, the church, disciples to

serve the good;

D. Kingdom of God-as the central message of Jesus in his ministry

E. Salvation-redemption coexists with creation; even hostile spirits would be brought into

harmony with the benevolent plan of God.

F. Ethics-religious belief connected with moral behavior inwardly and in relation to others,

and to God; all inst ructions based on the Old Testament as God’s expectations;

5.the spiritual standards of the New Testament;

6.the significance of the translation of Bible into English;

第七章Middle Ages

知识点：

1. How long did the Middle Ages last?--AD 350–1450

2.the greatest political feature of the Middle Ages: Church/state as one—

3.the beginning of the Middle Ages described as transformations of the Roman world;

4.historical backgrounds of the birth of Christianity;

5.the particular symbolic significance of the Christian God as against the pagan gods;

6.historical backgrounds of the birth of the Byzantine, Islam and the west: (one-God belief)

a. The Roman Empire grew too large to control by one emperor and to resist the Persians

and Germans;

b. The emperor assimilated Germans.

c. Its western half came to fragment into smaller and weaker kingdoms.

7.their particular features:

Trade center; centralized power;

thriving trade; centralized power;

poor: cities depopulated and land, unproductive; fragmented power;

8.their common features:

One God, rural me ans, local power.

第八章The Renaissance

知识点：

1. What were the backgrounds of the Renaissance historically? 14-16 C.

A. famine, plague, war, and religious dissent, Latin of the church, of law courts, of

Scholasticism in Europe;

B. new birth of ancient Roman Latin for native literature as by Petrarch, the Italian poet, to

describe ideas of humanism and patriotism.

2. What were the characteristics of the Renaissance?

A. rediscovery of Classical Literature and Art as objects of ideal beauty or learning, instead

of professional work of theologians/philosophers;

B. curiosity about the objective world; & interest in the morality of human actions, instead

of abstract talks of religious issues;

C. Individualism: concept of fame & education for overall development;

3. What interpretations were given by scholars of the Renaissance?

4. What were the economic & social basis of the Renaissance?

A. changing economy:

B. urban society:

C. rural society:

5. The Influence of the Renaissance

第九章Religious Reformation

知识点：

1.What were the backgrounds of the Religious Reformation historically?

A. nationalist sentiment against papal taxation and church officials’ control reduced the

powers of the church;

B. John Wycliffe’s attack on papal act,moral & intellectual standards of the priests; his

Bible/sermon in English;

C. greed, immorality & ignorance of papal officials put papacy to blame;

D. humanist idea of Bible, not church as the source of religious authority.

2.What were the main results of the Religious Reformation?

A. power & wealth lost by the feudal nobility/the Roman Catholic church passed to the

middle classes and to monarchical rulers;

B. various regions gained political, religious, cultural independence;

C. individualism/nationalism in culture & politics developed;

D. protestant value judgment brought about democratic governments;

E. medieval system of authority was destroyed;

F. removal of religious restriction on trade/banking stimulated capitalism;

G. national languages/literature were advanced due to religious literature in languages of

the native people;

H. popular education was stimulated through new schools by protestants;

3.What was the most significant change in religious belief as a result of the religious reform?

第十章The Age of Enlightenment

知识点：

1. What are the features of the Age of Enlightenment?

2. Who are its distinctive thinkers?

3. What are its distinctive features in science?

4. What are its features in historical legacy?

第十一章Schools of Philosophy in the 19th Century

知识点：

1. What are the features of Scientific Socialism?

2. What are the features of Social-democratism?

3. What are the features of Darwinism?

4. What are the features of Realism?

5. What are the features of Naturalism?

6. What are the features of Modernism?

四、考核方法与要求

（一）考核形式：课堂考试及小论文

（二）成绩计算方法：课堂考试占50%；课程论文占50%

五、教材与参考教材

（一）Brief Introduction to European Culture （二）Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2003 （三）https://www.360docs.net/doc/bf9690571.html,/hhzhang/index.htm