高考英语二轮复习学案：书面表达之概要写作

书面表达之读后续写

概要写作是一种“阅读+写作”的复合型任务,测试学生的阅读理解、概括归纳和书面表达方面的综合能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，一般以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要（注意：少于40或多于80词扣两分），而新写的语篇，既要做到在结构、衔接和连贯性等方面与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。

复习备考建议：

概要写作的步骤：

（一）细读每段文章，画主题句，圈关键词，辨别主次信息

在阅读原文时，首先找到该段的主题句或中心句，并圈出重点信息词汇，分清主要信息和次要信息，把修饰成分、细节内容、举例说明等次要信息删掉。

（二）用自己的语言，写出该段要点

概要写作要求学生用自己的语言准确地转述作者的要点，因此，不要整句抄原文，可以采用以下表达方式：

1.替换法：同义词替换；单词替换短语；短语替换句子等

2.转换法：词性转换；句式转换；语态转换等

3.合并法：把几个信息合并在一个句子中表达；将原文多个简单句整合成一个句子等

（三）选用恰当的衔接词，把每段要点串连成篇

概要写作要求学生有效地使用语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要逻辑连贯，衔接自然，结构紧凑。常用的衔接词有：

表递进关系besides, moreover, furthermore , in addition, what’s more, what’s worse, worse still

表因果关系therefore, thus , consequently, due to，owing to，thanks to

表转折关系however, otherwise, anyway/ anyhow, although，even though

表对比关系similarly, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand

表时间顺序关系eventually, finally, gradually , immediately ，afterwards, meanwhile/ meantime, in the meanwhile/meantime

表总结关系in a word, in short, in conclusion, in brief, in summary, in general, to sum up, on the whole

表情感关系luckily, unfortunately, to one’s great joy/satisfaction/surprise

【2020·江苏卷】

请阅读下面有关中国题材纪录片(documentary)的对话，并按照要求用英语写一篇150个词左右的文章。

【写作内容】

1.用约30个词概括上述对话的主要内容；

2.谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因(至少两点)。

【写作要求】

1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3.不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】

CCTV 9 broadcast Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet, a documentary produced by BBC. This well-made film provides foreign audiences with a fresh way of better knowing China’s past and present.

Documentaries about China, produced either in China or in other countries, are becoming increasingly popular among foreigners. For one thing, the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.

For another, China enjoys a long history and rich culture. It has always been an attraction for those who are

keen on anything that is Chinese. These documentaries present a splendid picture of China in front of their audiences-it history, landscape, art, food, or even traditional Chinese medicine.

Because of these films, some foreigners have begun to think of coming to China. In this way, they can form a true picture of China themselves.

【解析】

这是一篇读写任务。

【详解】第一步:审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。要求阅读中国题材纪录片的对话，写一篇150个词文章。包括两部分。(一)、用30词概括对话内容。(二)、谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因。要求至少两点原因。

第二步:布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为四段。第一段，概括对话内容。第二段和第三段，中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因。第四段，总结因为电影吸引外国人想来到中国。

第三步:确定关键词汇和短语: produced by, provide…with, either…or, be keen on, present , because of, in this way, the overall development，so striking that，feel eager to familiarize themselves with.

第四步:确定较为高级的句子: 非谓语动词结构a documentary produced by BBC；定语从句的运用:It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese.

第五步:连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接: for one thing, for another.

第六步:注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。

【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式: 非谓语动词结构a documentary produced by BBC；定语从句的运用:It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. 状语从句和宾语从句的运用the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.这些高级句式的应

用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

New research aimed at understanding the impact of screen time and social media on adolescent brains found in early testing significant differences in brain chemistry for kids who had at least seven hours of screen time a day, compared to kids who used screens less.

Psychologist Lisa Damour explained that social media is incredibly appe aling.“We know it triggers(触发) the reward centers in the brain.And this is true for grown-ups too, not teenagers and kids, ”Damour said Monday.“We also know that digital technology disturbs things that are important for healthy development, such as sleep,

one-on-one interactions tha t are face to face, learning how to focus on one’s schoolwork, physical activity.So we should already start to be drawing some lines around digital technology, just to protect normal and healthy development.”

Experts suggest avoiding screen time other than video chatting for children younger than 18 months.For children between 2 to 5 years old, the group recommends limiting screen time to one hour per day with “high-quality programs”.

While experts have offered a variety of guidelines for screen time, Damour, recommended parents should start from considering what they’re trying to protect.“So we’re trying to protect sleep.We’re trying to protect family time.We’re trying to protect focus.So I think the guidelines should flow from there, ”she said.“Children ne ed a lot more sleep than people appreciate.Elementary school children need 11 hours a night, middle schoolers need 10 hours a night.High schoolers need 9 hours a night.So if we even do that, that’s a good guideline.”

On February 12, Damour is releasing her latest book, Under Pressure：Confronting the Epidemic of Stress and Anxiety in Girls.She explained, “When high schoolers get phones that disturb their sleep, consequently they go on to have higher rates of depression.”“Social media is just one element of the ‘broad scope’ of factors parents need to consider that may be causing stress and anxiety for kids, ” she said.

【参考答案】

Research found vital differences in brain chemistry for kids with different screen times.(要点1)Psychologist Lisa Damour explained that social media is very attractive as the reward centers in the brain are activated but meanwhile digital technology negatively affects healthy development.(要点2)Experts have provided various suggestions for screen time.(要点3) However, Damour suggested parents should take what they’re trying to protect into account.(要点4)Besides, social media is just one of the factors that may cause stress and anxiety for kids.(要点5)

【解析】

这是一篇概要写作。

【详解】

写作步骤

1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。文章主要说明了研究发现，不同屏幕时间的孩子的大脑化学物质存在重要差异。心理学家Lisa Damour解释说，社交媒体非常有吸引力，因为大脑中的奖励中心被激活了，但与此同时，数字技术对健康发展产生了负面影响。专家们对屏幕时间提出了各种建议。然而，Damour建议父母应该考虑到他们试图保护的东西。此外，社交媒体只是造成孩子压力和焦虑的因素之一。

2）弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。

3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。

4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：

（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。

（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。

（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。

（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。

【点睛】

本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：vital differences；screen times；social media；attractive；meanwhile；negatively等高级词汇；Psychologist Lisa Damour explained that social media is very attractive as the reward centers in the brain are activated but meanwhile digital technology negatively affects healthy development.

运用宾语从句等高级句式。

【2019·上海卷】

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Where are the bees?

Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.

In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.

There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very

stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.

The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________

【范文】

Bees not only provide us with honey, but also help pollinate crops. However, they are disappearing at an alarming rate for unknow reason, which will be disastrous to us and economy. Some people think it is the pesticide while others think it is due to transport.

【解析】

本文属于环保文章，介绍蜜蜂正以惊人的速度消失，这可能和运输、农作物使用杀虫剂以及环境有关，但是没人知道确切原因。要求考生阅读完总结论点，不能超过60个词。

【详解】

第一步，归纳各个段落的段落大意，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响。

第二步，可以择出重要的信息，蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，可能造成此现象的原因，以及影响。

第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。

【点睛】

概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。第一步，确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意，比如本文话题为蜜蜂的消失，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状

况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响；第二步，分析各个段落的逻辑关系，确定主观点和次要观点；第三步，注意一定的写作技巧，比如同义词、近义词的替换，句型和结构的转换；第四步，检查单词拼写，语法规则，字数问题等。

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

It is clear that young people are now renting at record rates, yet the appetite to make a house a home remains equally high. While picking out the perfect color for the living room or putting down new carpets might have been important decorative choices for their parents, young people are increasingly finding more temporary solutions to the challenge of making a rental home look fantastic without annoying their landlords.

For some young renters, personalizing a home can come down to affordable, stylish additions. Houseplant sales have increased almost 50% in the US over the last three years, and mass market retailers such as Zara, ASOS and

H&M have all recently launched homeware ranges, focusing largely on smaller items like vases, cushions and candles that are easy to be included into an already furnished space.

Some businesses are now even offering to equip homes with pay-per-month furniture, with everything from sofas to houseplants up for rent. This gives landlords the opportunity to attract renters with fashionable decorations rather than old sofas and mismatched furnishings, as well as offering renters the opportunity to personalize their own temporary space.

“I think that in all industries personalized yet accessible, affordable services are very popular,” says Rhiannon Smith, a spokesperson for plant rental company The Plant Library. “People want things to feel good, wit hout having to think too much about it or pay too much for it. I’d expect it’s a section that will be very popular and continue to grow.”

【答案】

With an increasing number of young people who intend to customize their living environment of a rented house or apartment nowadays, companies are competing for a market share in decorative item industry, eagerly creating products that cater for their young customers or providing them with a chance to rent housewares. As a result, it benefits both renters and landowners and will be a trend in the future.

【解析】

【分析】

本文属于装饰租房的文章，介绍了年轻租客打算装饰自己的租房或公寓居住的环境的需求日益增长，公司正在推出为年轻顾客创造新产品或为他们提供租用家庭用品，这样对于租客和房东都好，而且这也将成为未来的一种趋势。要求考生阅读完总结文章概要，不能超过60个词。

【详解】

第一步，归纳各个段落大意，第一段描述租客想要定制自己的租房的但又不想给房东造成困扰的现状；第二段讲述了针对年轻租客的需求，像Zara等这样的大公司相继开始出售那种可以在已装修好的租房里放置像花瓶，蜡烛之类的小件装饰商品；第三段讲述了对于现在的情况，市场上现在也有一些可以让房东或租客租用家具之类的生意出现了；第四段通过Rhiannon Smith的话可知，现在为租客提供经济实惠的相关的装修服务很受欢迎。

第二步，可以择出重要的信息，年轻租客在定制租房日益增长，给租客提供用来装修租房的小物件或者可租用家具等相关生意出现，且很受欢迎。

第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。

【点睛】

概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。第一步，确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意，比如本文话题为年轻租客装饰租房，第一段描述租客想要定制自己的租房的但又不想给房东造成困扰的现状；第二段讲述了针对年轻租客的需求，像Zara等这样的大公司相继开始出售那种可以在已装修好的租房里放置像花瓶，蜡烛之类的小件装饰商品；第三段讲述了对于现在的情况，市场上现在也有一些可以让房东或租客租用家具之类的生意出现了；第四段通过Rhiannon Smith的话可知，现在为租客提供经济实惠的相关的装修服务很受欢迎；第二步，分析各个段落的逻辑关系，确定主观点和次要观点；第三步，注意一定的写作技巧，比如句型和结构的转换；第四步，检查单词拼写，语法规则，字数问题等。

【2019·浙江卷】

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.

Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in tryi ng hard for their accomplishments.

So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does

something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”

Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

【范文】

Parents tend to go to extremes when it comes to praising their kids. (要点一) Yet, both too much and too little praise can be equally damaging. (要点二) When giving praise, parents should be sincere and concentrate on the process instead of the result. (要点三) Similarly, they ought to give praise for how much effort their kids have invested in the work they’re involved in. (要点四)

【解析】本次浙江高考书面表达采用了概要写作题型。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

【详解】

完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，

1. 读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。

2. 组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。

3. 通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Cultures can be different from each other in many aspects. People can eat different foods and live in different types of houses. People probably speak different languages and have beliefs and customs very different from yours. However, they can be similar in ways of connecting with each other. We sometimes call these means of communication universal languages.

Some legends hold that (据说) thousands of years ago there was a single language spoken by everyone. It is fun to think about a time when everyone may have been able to communicate in the same language though historical evidence does not support this, of course.

Today, there are thousands of languages spoken around the world. Yet, there are some means of communication that go beyond words and allow people of wildly different backgrounds to communicate and share emotions and feelings. For example, some people believe music is a universal language. There may be some scientific support for this idea, too. Experts have learned that across cultures people can recognize three common emotions in music: happiness, sadness and fear.

Another universal language that you might not have thought of is math! If you think about it now, it just makes sense. The value of “pi” is roughly 3.14159 no matter where you are. Similarly, we judge the value of something by the same mathematical calculations, no matter whether you’re counting in dollars, pounds or RMB．

【答案】Possible version 1:

Although there exist some differences in people’s diets, housing, languages, beliefs and customs globally, people can still communicate with each other in universal languages.(要点1) It’s even interesting to think that people used to speak the same language in the ancient world. (要点2) Music is believed to be a universal language that can make people share common emotions.(要点3) The same is also true for math, because the value of something remains unchanged (fixed) wherever you are and whichever way you are calculating.(要点4)

Possible version 2:

Though cultures may be different in diets, housing, languages and beliefs, people can communicate with each other through universal languages. (要点1) It is said that people used to speak only one language but there are no convincing facts of it. (要点2)However, music is considered a universal language as it conveys the basic feelings like happiness, sadness and fear. (要点3) Maths is another universal language because people value things with the same criteria no matter what measurements they use. (要点4)

Possible version 3:

Though cultures may be different in many ways, people can communicate with each other through universal

languages. (要点1)It is said that people used to speak only one language but there are no convincing facts of it. (要点2)Music is considered a universal language because people can find some common feelings in it. (要点3) Maths is also a universal language since some mathematical calculations are fixed among people. (要点4)

Possible version 4

Although cultures vary/ differ worldwide in food, living, languages and beliefs, they shares similarities in what we called universal languages. (要点一)Interestingly, legendary beliefs claim that a single language was spoken in ancient times, which lacks convincing facts.（要点二）Nowadays,some forms of languages can be recognized universally. For instance, people enjoy a mutual understanding of music regardless of their backgrounds.（要点三）Math is another example because the same calculation methods can be adopted to judge the value wherever we are.(要点四）

【解析】

【分析】

本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括文章内容，通读全文可知，本文主要讲述虽然人们在饮食，住宿，语言和信仰等很多方面有所不同，但是人们可以使用通用语言进行沟通，文章还列举了两种通用语言。注意篇幅控制在60词左右。

【详解】

1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，掌握文章主旨。本文主要讲述尽管各国文化不同，人们在沟通方面有很多相似之处，比如音乐被认为是通用语言，数学也是如此。

2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，弄清结构，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。

3、注意要点之间的衔接，要使用适当的关联词语贯通全文。切忌只写一些简单的互不相干的句子。

4、不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话表述，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换或者结构上的转换。

P P a a s s s s a a g g e e11

（2020 ? 江苏卷）

请阅读下面有关中国题材纪录片(documentary)的对话，并按照要求用英语写一篇150个词左右的文章。

Su Hua: Hi, Li Jiang! Did you see the BBC documentary on CCTV 9 last week?

Li Jiang: You mean Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet? Yes, I did. Fantastic!

Su Hua: Just think an English actor recites Chinese poems.

Li Jiang: I don’t really understand every line he recites, but I believe he tru ly loves the poems himself.

【写作内容】

1.用约30个词概括上述对话的主要内容；

2.谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因(至少两点)。

【写作要求】

1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3.不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】CCTV 9 broadcast Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet, a documentary produced by BBC. This well-made film provides foreign audiences with a fresh way of better knowing China’s past and present.

Documentaries about China, produced either in China or in other countries, are becoming increasingly popular among foreigners. For one thing, the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.

For another, China enjoys a long history and rich culture. It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. These documentaries present a splendid picture of China in front of their audiences-it history, landscape, art, food, or even traditional Chinese medicine.

Because of these films, some foreigners have begun to think of coming to China. In this way, they can form a true picture of China themselves.

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇读写任务。

【详解】第一步:审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。要求阅读中国题材纪录片的对话，写一篇150个词文章。包括两部分。(一)、用30词概括对话内容。(二)、谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因。要求至少两点原因。

第二步:布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为四段。第一段，概括对话内容。第二段和第三段，中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因。第四段，总结因为电影吸引外国人想来到中国。

第三步:确定关键词汇和短语: produced by, provide…with,either…or, be keen on, present , because of, in this way, the overall development，so striking that，feel eager to familiarize themselves with.

第四步:确定较为高级的句子: 非谓语动词结构a documentary produced by BBC；定语从句的运用:It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese.

第五步:连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接: for one thing, for another.

第六步:注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。

【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式: 非谓语动词结构a documentary produced by BBC；定语从句的运用:It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. 状语从句和宾语从句的运用the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.这些高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力

P P a a s s s s a a g g e e22

【2018·浙江卷】

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you

have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!

If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses,things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit.

Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顾问), and it won’t cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at https://www.360docs.net/doc/c014531484.html,. While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】

It’s really worthwhile to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying. Undoubtedly, students should visit their local colleges, which may be included in applications. At least, they should visit the school and figure out its real conditions in advance. For students who are short of money and time, registering for the online college fair is a good alternative to help them better understand schools.

【解析】

【分析】

本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材料的主要思想和观点。这主要是考查学生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及总结概括能力，熟练掌握从句、非谓语动词等语法知识和遣词造句的能力。

【详解】

1. 要先读懂、读透原作。这是准确再现原文、写好概要的前提。动笔前多读两遍原文，直至弄懂读透。

2. 抓住文中的关键句，确定写作主题。开头It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply点明了本文主题；But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local

area.说明了去大学看看的必要性和可行性；If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend.在时间上提供了更多选择；if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.为不能亲自去大学看的学生提供了另外一种方法。

3.拟好提纲。有了提纲，写概要时就会有章法，也不会遗漏原作中的要点。

4.快速成文，反复推敲。按照文章要求和拟好的提纲一气呵成，写完初稿。

5.对照修改润色，再读原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要内容。用词是否恰当，可有可无的删掉。注意词类、时态、语态的适当调整。

【点睛】

范文观点明确，重点突出，语言简练，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如定语从句which may be included in applications.和who are short of money and time.动名词registering online作主语，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。

P P a a s s s s a a g g e e33

【2018·浙江卷】

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!

If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now t he things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit.

Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顾问), and it won’t cost you a

penny! You can register for its online college fair at https://www.360docs.net/doc/c014531484.html,. While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____

【范文】

It’s really worthwhile to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying. Undoubtedly, students should visit their local colleges, which may be included in applications. At least, they should visit the school and figure out its real conditions in advance. For students who are short of money and time, registering for the online college fair is a good alternative to help them better understand schools.

【解析】

【分析】

本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材料的主要思想和观点。这主要是考查学生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及总结概括能力，熟练掌握从句、非谓语动词等语法知识和遣词造句的能力。

【详解】

1. 要先读懂、读透原作。这是准确再现原文、写好概要的前提。动笔前多读两遍原文，直至弄懂读透。

2. 抓住文中的关键句，确定写作主题。开头It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply点明了本文主题；But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.说明了去大学看看的必要性和可行性；If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend.在时间上提供了更多选择；if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.为不能亲自去大学看的学生提供了另外一种方法。

3.拟好提纲。有了提纲，写概要时就会有章法，也不会遗漏原作中的要点。

4.快速成文，反复推敲。按照文章要求和拟好的提纲一气呵成，写完初稿。

5.对照修改润色，再读原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要内容。用词是否恰当，可有可无的删掉。注意

词类、时态、语态的适当调整。

【点睛】

范文观点明确，重点突出，语言简练，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如定语从句which may be included in applications.和who are short of money and time.动名词registering online作主语，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。

P P a a s s s s a a g g e e11

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Eighty-five percent of the jobs that today's students will do in 2030 don't exist yet, the Institute for the Future has predicted. That might seem like a high number to reach in only 10 years. But think about the non-mainstream careers that did not exist just a handful of years ago: social media manager, app developer and cloud computing engineer, etc. What role should colleges and universities play in preparing students for a workplace that is constantly changing? Educational institutions are trying to answer that question." We hope they will not only be prepared for whatever the job market looks like in 10,20 or 50 years but be the ones shaping it," said Jenn Stringer, professor at the University of Californian, Berkeley. Here are some of the approaches they're taking.

Some experts argue that the four-year learning model needs to be rethought in a big way. They say education can no longer be seen as something that stops when a person graduates from college. If students could take a year or two off school, get a job, and then return to school a few years later, the education system would offer true life-long learning and better adapt to changing technology.

Fewer employers are willing to train people on the job than the employers 50 years ago, largely as part of an effort to cut costs. To fill the job skills gap, some courses are offered as an add-on to a student's main degree.For example, the courses may include data analysis, web design and digital marketing. The goal is to offer students, a degree aside,some advantages when they seek jobs or promotions in the future.

Other institutions are trying to imitate the workplace within the traditional classroom. Several colleges have partnered with private companies,such as the software company Adobe, to integrate their products into the classroom.Professors at schools who partner with the company are encouraged to use the product for assignments.The idea is that students learn how to create a project that can be used in the real world and the"soft skills"such as teamwork and creativity.

To help students better suit and reshape the ever-shifting work landscape, colleges are taking various measures. (要点1) Firstly, life-long and adaptive learning model is expected to replace the present 4-year one. (要点2) Besides, additional training programs beneficial to acquiring practical job skills are provided for college students. (要点3)

Moreover, some colleges cooperate with enterprises to make clas srooms more like workplaces and enhance students’ all round capabilities. (要点4)

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇概要写作。

【详解】

第1步:根据文章内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。文章第一段用提问的方式引出主题：大学在帮助学生们适应不断变化的职场起到什么角色？所以本文的内容概要是为了帮助学生更好适应职场，大学采取了各种各样的措施。要点1要先写出文章目的。要点2第二段讲到第一点措施offer true life-long learning and better adapt to changing technology.终身和适应型学习模式预计会替换现在4年教育。要点3在第三段some courses are offered as an add-on to a student's main degree.有益于获得工作技能的格外的培训项目被提供给大学生。要点4.在最后一段：大学和公司合作把课堂营造成职场并加强学生全面能力。

第2步:根据写作要求,确定关键词(组) , 如: beneficial to 有益的；are provided for 被提供Moreover 而且, some colleges cooperate with 合作；enhance students’ all round capabilities增强全面的技能. 等。

第3步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。

第4步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。

【点睛】

本文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式,如To help students better suit and reshape the ever-shifting work landscape, 和Moreover, some colleges cooperate with enterprises to make classrooms more like workplaces and enhance students’ all round capabilities.中都出现非谓语动词的运用，全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。

P P a a s s s s a a g g e e22

Directions: Write a summary of the passage in more than 60 words and the original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use.

Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of

personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.

The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.

Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.

Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.

Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depre ssed moms end up dying younger.

Personality isn’t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Two recent studies have researched the relationship between personality characteristics and longevity. More outgoing, more active and less anxious people and sympathetic and cooperative females live longer, for these personalities may bring them more social resources. However, seemingly advantageous personalities like self-discipline and

open-mindedness do not necessarily lead to longevity. Surprisingly, a mother’s personality may affect her children’s life span.

【解析】本文为一篇说明文的概要写作。文章讲述了性格和寿命之间的关系，更外向、更活跃、更不焦虑的人以及富有同情心和合作精神的女性寿命更长，因为这些性格可能会给她们带来更多的社会资源。然而，表面上有利的性格，如自律和开放的心态，并不一定会导致长寿。令人惊讶的是，母亲的性格可能会影响孩子的寿命。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。

【详解】

写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻，抓住几大要点去写题。本篇概要写作，需从以下几个要点着手；

要点1：该段最近有研究探讨了人性格特征与寿命的关系，主题句为A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.

要点2：该段主要讲述更外向、更活跃、更不焦虑的人以及富有同情心和合作精神的女性寿命更长，因为这些性格可能会给她们带来更多的社会资源。内容可以从Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span中提炼。

要点3：该段主要讲述表面上有利的性格，如自律和开放的心态，并不一定会导致长寿，内容可以从Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old.及后面句子中提炼。

要点4：该段主要讲述母亲的性格可能会影响孩子的寿命，主题句为another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity.

【点睛】

审题时要认真分析每段要点，不能遗漏要点。答题时要注意准确地使用了相应的语法结构和词汇来改写要点句，并有效地使用了合适的衔接词使上下文意思连贯，文章结构紧凑清晰。

P P a a s s s s a a g g e e33

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。

In today’s world where we have various translation apps that allow us to talk to almost anyone “in his own language”, why do we still need to make an effort to learn a foreign language ourselves? There are practical reasons, of course. For example, those who are bilingual (具备双语能力的) have a better chance in the job market. And science has proved that learning to speak more than one

language can train one’s brain to be stronger.

But there’s more to it than that. US author Rita Mae Brown once wrote: “Language is the road map of a culture.” By taking a look a t the vocabulary and idioms of a language system, we get a glimpse (一瞥) at what’s held important in a certain culture. Take the Swedish word “lagom” for example. It means “just the right amount”, which doesn’t have a matching word either in English or in Chinese. From “lagom”, we can see how much the concepts of “moderation (适度)” and “balance” are valued in Swedish culture. By learning a foreign language, you also gain a better understanding of your own culture. Irish language expert Benny Lewis explained this idea