东华大学纺织专业外语试题1

Part 1. Translate the following words into Chinese (15 points)

1. fiber 纤维16. amorphous 无定型的，非结晶的

2. yarn 纱线17. monomer 单体

3. longitudinal 轴向的18. morphology 形态组织结构

4. textile 纺织品19. crystalline 结晶的

5. interlace 交织20. filament 长丝

6. generic name 属名21. wicking芯吸

7. manmade fiber 人造纤维22. flexibility 挠性，柔曲性，柔韧性

8. natural fiber 天然纤维23. stress-strain curve 应力应变曲线

9. staple fiber 短纤维24. linear density线密度

10. tenacity 强度25. flax 亚麻

11. Length-to-Width Ratio 长宽比26. thermoplastic 热塑的

12. strand 股，绞，单纱，须条27. water repellency 拒水性

13. hydrophobic 疏水的28. hydrophilic 亲水的

14. Cohesiveness 粘结性29. polymer 聚合物

15. embroider （V）绣花刺绣30. criteria 标准

Part 2. Translate the following words into English (15 points) Upholstery 室内装潢Elastic fiber弹性纤维

Mercerized 丝光处理Polyamide fiber聚酰胺（系）纤维

yield point 屈服点Modacrylic变性聚丙烯

Abrasion resistance耐磨牢度Nylon尼龙

Spinning mule 走锭纺纱机Aramid芳族聚酰胺

Metric 米制的，公制的Polyester 聚酯

Trademark商标Rayon粘胶纤维

Rapier剑杆Tension load 拉伸负荷

Projectile shuttle 片梭Glass transition temperature 玻璃化转变温度Spindle 锭子，纺锤，心轴Resiliency 弹性

Flammability 可燃性Wrinkle resistance抗折皱性

Cellulose纤维素Protein fiber蛋白质纤维

pliability柔韧性moisture regain 回潮率

Asbestos石棉Yarn size 纱支

High wet modulus 高湿模量Melting point 熔点

Part 3. Translate the following sentences into English (20 points)

1.对于混纺纱中的每种纤维，该纤维的属名及该纤维的重量百分比均应列出。

For each fiber in a blend, both the generic name of the fiber and percentage by weight of that fiber are to be listed.

2.纤维抵抗反复弯曲而不断裂的能力被称为柔韧性或者粘结性。The ability of a fiber to

resist repeated bending without rupture is flexibility or pliability.

3.线密度，以旦尼尔，特克斯和分特表示，是最常见的用于比较纤维细度的方法。Linear

density, expressed in terms of denier, tex, and decitex, is the most common method for comparing fiber fineness.

4.棉纤维的强力范围在3.0到

5.0g/d之间，比蛋白质纤维的强力要高。The tenacity of

cotton ranges from 3.0 to 5.0 g/d, which is higher than the tenacity of the protein

fibers.

Part 4. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (50 points)

1.Fabric is a planar structure produced by interlacing yarns in processes such as

weaving, knitting, knotting, and braiding, or by binding fibers together to form a

structure.

织物是通过诸如机织、针织、编结以及编织过程中纱线的交织而形成的一种平面结构，或是将纤维聚集在一起而形成的一种结构。

2.The terms staple and filament indicate fiber length. Staple fibers are short fibers

whose lengths may be measured in inches. Filament fibers are extremely long and are not easily measured. Silk fibers from undamaged cocoons are filaments, but the other natural fibers are staple fibers.

术语短纤和长丝表征的是纤维的长度。短纤是指那些其长度可以用英寸来衡量的短纤维。

而长丝则是具有极长长度并且难于测量的纤维。从未损的（或译为：完好的）蚕茧中抽取的蚕丝属于长丝，但是其它的天然纤维均为短纤。

“短纤维”和“长丝”两个术语表示纤维长度。“短纤维”就是可以用英寸来测量其长度的纤维，而“长丝”则是非常长的，一般不易测量。来自完整的蚕茧中的蚕丝纤维是长丝，而其他天然纤维都是“短纤维”。

3.The number of monomer units present in a polymer is referred to as the degree of

polymerization (dp). The letter n in the formula for polyethylene indicates the number of monomers present in the polymer and represents the dp of the fiber. Materials

formed from two monomers are referred to as dimers, and those with three units are trimers.

聚合物中出现的单体的数量称为聚合度。聚乙烯分子式中的字母n表征的是出现在该聚合物中的单体数量，代表该纤维的聚合度。由两个单体构成的材料被称为二聚物，而那些由三个单体构成的则称为三聚物。

4. A fiber must possess enough strength to withstand processing by available textile

machinery and provide the desired durability in its end use. The strength of a specimen subjected to tension load (as distinct from torsion, compression, and shear loads) is usually reported when fiber properties are compared.

纤维必须具有足够的强力以承受现行的纺织机械加工过程，并提供给最终用途中所期望的耐久性。当比较纤维性能的时候，通常会报告（采用）试样在拉伸载荷下的强力（以区别于扭转负荷、压缩负荷以及剪切负荷）。

5.Flax has very good wicking properties. This makes the fiber comfortable to wear but

difficult to dye and finish. The wicking tendency is evident when a drop of water is placed on a linen fabric. The fabric "wets out" by following the length of yarns rather than spreading in a circle.

亚麻具有极好的芯吸性能。这使得该纤维具有良好的穿着舒适性，但是也造成了染整的困难。当一滴水置于亚麻织物之上时，这种芯吸的趋势很明显。织物的润湿沿纱线长度方向而不是呈圆形扩散（或译为：在一个圆周内扩散）。

亚麻具有很好的芯吸效应（性能），这种性质赋予了亚麻纤维很好的穿着舒适性，但却使亚麻纤维难于染色及后整理。当一滴水滴在亚麻布上时，其芯吸趋向很明显。织物沿纱线长度润湿的趋势要远胜于沿圆周方向的蔓延。

亚麻具有很好的芯吸性能，该性能使其织物穿着舒适但很难染色。当一滴水置于亚麻织物上，芯吸性是很明显的，水会沿着纱线被织物吸收而非扩散成一个圆圈。