2015年本科学士学位英语模拟试题(附详细解答及作文)

Part I V ocabulary and Structure (20 points)

Directions: In this part there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

1. It is reported that a (n) ______of accidents has occurred at that crossroads.

A. series

B. lot

C. number

D. amount

2. If someone is in the United States for good, it means he is there______.

A. to do good

B. temporarily

C. to rest well

D. permanently

3. Please let us have more time, ______?

A. shall we

B. will you

C. won’t

D. don’t you

4. There is no hurry. You can take your time ______ those exercises.

A. doing

B. to do

C. done

D. to be doing

5. He spoke English so well that I took it ______ that he was an American.

A. for granted

B. as true

C. for certain

D. as such

6. ______ we need air and water, so we need criticism and self-criticism.

A. Even though

B. So long as

C. Just as

D. Now that

7. Children are always curious ______ everything they see.

A. to

B. for

C. on

D. about

8. Anyone, rich or poor, old or young, sick or ______, can follow a favorite hobby.

A. well

B. good

C. fine

D. happy

9. It’s desired that she ______ to teach us at least twice a week.

A. comes

B. will come

C. come

D. may come

10. ______, I should ask them some questions.

A. Should they come to us

B. If they come to us

C. Were they come to us

D. Had they come to us

11. In 1990 he caught a serious illness from ______ effects he still suffers.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. whose

12. He found ______ everybody know what had happened.

A. it necessary letting

B. it necessary to let

C. necessary letting

D. necessary to let

13. The interviewer should take down notes at the moment the person ______ answers the questions.

A. to be interviewed

B. interviewing

C. being interviewed

D. interviewed

14. “Car 17 won the race.” “Yes, but its driver came close to ______ killed.”

A. being

B. having been

C. be

D. have been

15. About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese ______ paper.

A. invented

B. had invented

C. have invented

D. had been invented

16. I have two friends but ______ of them likes to go fishing with me.

A. none

B. neither

C. both

D. either

17. His unhappy childhood ______ his bad temper.

A. counts for

B. accounts for

C. makes for

D. goes for

18. No one doubts ______ it is true.

A. whether

B. if

C. that

D. what

19. His brother had become a teacher, ______ he wanted to be.

A. who

B. what

C. which

D. that

20. Not until I came to China ______ what kind of a county she is.

A. I knew

B. I didn’t know

C. I did know

D. did I know

Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage 1

How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.

Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition, life is always presenting new things to the child — things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known. But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things, or being punished for what he has done wrong. When the young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.

21. According to Paragraph 2, the writer thinks that _______.

A. life for a child is comparatively easy

B. a child is always loved whatever he does

C. if much is given to a child, he must do something in return

D. only children are interested in life

22. After a child grows up, he_____.

A. will have little time playing

B. has to be successful in finding a job

C. can still ask for help in time of trouble

D. should be able to take care of himself

23. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. People are often satisfied with their life.

B. Life is less interesting for old people.

C. Adults are freer to do what they want to do.

D. Adults should no longer rely on others.

24. The main idea of the passage is that ______.

A. life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains

B. young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hard

C. childhood is the most enjoyable time in one’s life

D. one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life

25. The paragraph following the passage will most probably discuss ______.

A. examples of successful young men

B. how to build up one’s position in society

C. joys and pains of old people

D. what to do when one has problems in life

Passage 2

Every country tends to accept its own way of life as being the normal one and to praise or criticize others as they are similar to or different from it. And unfortunately, our picture of the people and the way of life of other countries is often a distorted (曲解) one.

Here is a great argument in favor of foreign travel and learning foreign languages. It is only by traveling in, or living in a county and getting to know its inhabitants and their language that one can find out what a country and its people are really like. And how different the knowledge one gains this way frequently turns out to be true from the second-hand information gathered from other sources! How often we find that the foreigners whom we thought to be such different people from ourselves are not very different after all!

Differences between peoples do of course, exist and, one hopes, will always continue to do so. The world will be a dull place indeed when all the different nationalities behave exactly alike, and some people might say that we are rapidly approaching this state of affairs. With the much greater rapidity and ease of travel, there might seem to be some truth in this at least as far as Europe is concerned. However this may be, at least the greater ease of travel today has revealed to more people than ever before that the Englishman or Frenchman or German is not some different kind of animal from themselves.

26. Every country criticizes ways of life in other countries because they are _______.

A. distorted

B. normal

C. similar to each other

D. different from its own

27. One who travels in a foreign country and learns its language will ______.

A. find out what its people are like

B. argue in favor of this country and the language

C. know the country and its people better

D. like its inhabitants and their language

28. The knowledge one gains by traveling in a foreign county is often _______.

A. from second-hand information

B. gathered from other sources than from its inhabitants

C. gained from the arguments about the country

D. different from what one had before the travel

29. Differences between peoples ________.

A. will gradually disappear because of ease of travel

B. do exist even though different nationalities behave exactly alike

C. will always continue to exist and the world will be a dull place

D. will not exist as one hopes

30. The underlined word “However” most probably means _________.

A. somewhat

B. by whatever means

C. anyhow

D. no matter what Passage 3

We arranged that Kissinger would fly to Vietnam for talks early in July and then stop in Pakistan on the way back. There he would develop a stomachache that would require him to stay in bed and not be seen by the press. Then, with President Yahya’s coope ration he would be taken to an airport where a Pakistan plane would fly him over the mountains to China.

Kissinger’s trip was given the code(密码) name Polo after Marco Polo, another Western traveler who made history by journeying to China. Everything went without a hitch. His slight illness in Islamabad received only minor attention from reporters covering him. They accepted the story that he would be confined to bed for at least a couple of days and began making

arrangements for their own entertainment.

Because of the need for complete secrecy and the lack of any direct communication facilities between Beijing and Washington, I knew that we would have no word from Kissinger while he was in China. Even after he had returned to Pakistan it would still be important to maintain secrecy. So before Kissinger left, we agreed on a single code word —Eureka －which he would use if his mission were successful.

On July 11, Al Haig, who knew our code word, phoned me to say that a cable from Kissinger had arrived.

“What’s the message?” I asked.

“Eureka,” he replied.

31. Kissinger stopped in Pakistan because ______.

A. he happened to have a stomachache

B. he needed a rest after a long journey

C. he had a secret mission to perform there

D. he did not want to be seen by the press

32. The reporters in Islamabad believed that ______.

A. Kissinger was not feeling well

B. Kissinger had just come back from Vietnam

C. Kissinger had put off leaving for China

D. Kissinger was preparing to entertain them

33. The statement “everything went without a hitch” (Para.2) most probably means that ______.

A. nothing was easy with the mission

B. the plans were carried out with great difficulty

C. things went smoothly

D. there was no possibility of success

34. There was no news from Kissinger while he was in Beijing, chiefly because _______.

A. his trip had to be kept secret

B. President Yahya did not go with Kissinger

C. communication between Beijing and Islamabad was difficult

D. the negotiation(谈判) was not successful

35. The passage implies that Kissinger’s message “Eureka” was sent _______.

A. when the negotiation started in Beijing

B. as soon as he arrived in Washington

C. when he flew to Vietnam on July 11

D. when the negotiation was completed in Beijing Passage 4

No country in the world has more daily newspapers than the U.S.A. There are almost 2,000 of them, as compared with 180 in Japan, 144 in Argentina and 111 in Britain. The quality of some American papers is extremely high and their views are quoted all over the world. Distinguished dailies like the Washington Post or the New York Times have a powerful influence all over the country. However the Post and the Times are not national newspapers in the sense that The times is in Britain or Le Monde is in France, since each American city has its own daily newspaper. The best of these present detailed accounts of national and international news, but many tend to limit themselves to state or city news.

Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the “sensational”, which feature crime, sex and rumor, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. But with few exceptions American newspapers try to entertain as well as give information, for they have to compete with television.

Just as American newspapers give way to all tastes, so do they also try and apply to readers for all political persuasions. A few newspapers support extremist (过激分子) groups on the far right and on the far left, but most daily newspapers attempt to attract middle-of-the-road Americans who are essentially moderate. Many of these papers print columns by well-known

journalists of different political and social views in order to present a balanced picture.

As in other democratic countries American newspapers can be either responsible or irresponsible, but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once bravely uncovered political scandals (丑闻) or crimes, for instance, the Watergate Affair. The newspapers drew the attention of the public to the fears of the Vietnam War.

36. There are fewer national newspapers in ______.

A. Britain than in the U.S.A.

B. France than in Britain

C. the U.S.A. than in Britain or France

D. France than in the U.S.A. or Britain

37. Most American newspapers try to entertain their readers because ______.

A. they have to keep up a good relation with them

B. they have to compete with television

C. they have to write about crime, sex and rumor

D. they have to give factual news in an interesting way

38. Many American newspapers attract readers of different political tendency by ______.

A. supporting extremist groups from time to time

B. inviting middle-of-the-road Americans to write articles for them

C. avoiding carrying articles about extremists

D. printing articles representing different political viewpoints

39. In this passage the underlined word “press” (Para.2) means ______.

A. a machine for printing

B. the business of printing

C. great force

D. newspapers

40. The passage is mainly about ______.

A. the characteristics of American newspapers

B. the development of American newspapers

C. the functions of American newspapers

D. the merits and shortcomings of American newspapers

Part III Cloze (10 points)

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blanks there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, you should choose one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the answer by blanking the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.

If you feel you have a closer relationship with your grandmother on your mother’s side than on you father’s side, it is no surprise to rese archers at the universities of Newcastle and Antwerp. 41 on studies in the Netherlands, they claim that maternal grandparents（外祖父母）are likely to make greater efforts to maintain frequent contact 42 their grandchildren than paternal grandparents（祖父母）.

They 43 that psychological behaviors related to human evolution are involved: women are always sure of their relationship to their sons or daughters, 44 men can never be wholly certain they are their children biological fathers.

Further more, maternal grandparents are always more certain than paternal grandparents 45 a grandchild is related to them: “Thus maternal grandparents may go the extra mile to visit their grandchildren.”

The study, 46 by Thomas Pollet and his colleagues, found that for grandparents 47 within 30 km of their grandchildren, more than 30 per cent of maternal

grandmothers and 25 per cent of maternal grandfathers had 48 daily or a few times a week. In 49 , this fell to 15 percent for paternal grandparents.

Mr. Pollet said: “Even in families where there has been divorce, we found 50 differences. Grandparents on your mother’s side make the extra effort.”

41. A. Based B. Relied C. Agreed D. Taken

42. A. for B. to C. in D. with

43. A. demand B. speculate C. deny D. require

44. A. where B. whereas C. which D. why

45. A. if B. how C. that D. as

46. A. come across B. cut back C. covered up D. carried out

47. A. departing B. existing C. living D. emerging

48. A. contact B. contract C. concern D. conduct

49. A. time B. detail C. addition D. contrast

50. A. unchanging B. unknown C. unlikely D. Unexpected

Part IV Translate from English to Chinese (20 points)

Directions: Read the following passage and translate the 5 parts underlined in the following passage from English into Chinese and write them on the Translation Paper.

Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than jobholders. (51) An investigation shows that whenever the unemployment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increases by 2%. All this comes down to one point, work is helpful to health.

Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. (52)Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. (53)By work people come into contact with each other. By collective activity they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him ill.

(54 )Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.

(55)From the above we can come to the conclusion that the more you work the happier and healthier you will be. Let us work hard and study hard and live a happy and healthy life.

Part V Writing (30 points)

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Animals—Pets or Sources of Food and Clothing? Write at least 100 words and base your composition on the outline below and use the words for references as many as you can.

1)有人认为，动物是宠物，是人类的朋友；

2)还有人认为，动物是人类衣、食的主要来源；

3)你的观点。

答案解析：

Part I V ocabulary and Structure

1. A【句意】据报道一系列事故发生在那个十字路口。

【解析】a series of“一系列”后面接可数名词复数做主语时谓语动词要求用单数。B、C、D意思都是“许多，大量”。而a number of后面加可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数；an amount of后面要加不可数名词；a lot of后面可加可数名词或不可数名词。题干中of后面接的是accidents及谓语用has occurred单数形式，所以选择A答案。

2. D【句意】如果某人在美国不走了，那意味着他在那儿永久居住了。

【解析】固定搭配for good的意思是“永久地”。permanently“永久地”；to do good“做好事”；temporarily“暂时的”；to rest well“好好休息”。

3. B【句意】请再多给我们点儿时间，好吗？

【解析】let us 引导的祈使句其反意疑问句一般用“will you”; let’s引导的祈使句其反意疑问句一般用“shall we”。

4. A【句意】不着急，你可以慢慢做那些练习。

【解析】短语take one’s time doing sth. 表示“不着急，慢慢做某事”。

5. A【句意】他英语说得如此好，以致于我想当然地认为他是一个美国人。

【解析】短语take sth. for granted意思是“想当然”。

6. C【句意】正如需要空气和水，我们还需要批评和自我批评。

【解析】even though“即使”；so long as“只要”；just as“正如”；now that“既然”。根据题意，C正确。

7. D【句意】孩子们总是对他们见到的一切事情感兴趣。

【解析】短语be curious about“对…好奇”。

8. A【句意】任何人，富有的或贫穷的，年老的或年轻的，生病的或健康的，都能有最喜爱的嗜好。

【解析】well用作形容词时表示“健康的”，所以选择well与sick相对应，符合题意。

9. C 【句意】我们希望她能一周至少来两次教我们。

【解析】It’s desired + that从句，句型中that后的主语从句要采用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形的形式。

10. A【句意】如果他们来我们这儿，我们就能问他们一些问题了。

【解析】此句是省略if的条件句，并且是与表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的句子，所以从句要用should的结构。当if条件句中有助动词should, had 或were时，则可省去if, 而将should, had 或were置于句首，从而构成倒装虚拟句，意义不变。

11. D【句意】1990年他得了一场现在还时常遭受其痛苦的重病。

【解析】whose引导定语从句，whose可以做从句中的定语，which或that只能做主语或宾语。

12. B【句意】他发现让所有人都知道发生了什么事是必要的。

【解析】find it necessary + to do结构，it是形式宾语，形容词necessary是宾语补足语，动词不定式短语做真正的宾语。

13. C【句意】当受访人回答问题时，采访者应该记录下来。

【解析】当句中谓语动词所表示的动作和现在分词所表示的动作在时间上一致时，用现在分词一般式，如果分词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，就要用现在分词的被动式。Being interviewed 是现在分词的被动语态作定语，修饰the person，所以选择C。

14. A【句意】“17号车赢得了比赛。”“是的，但车手几乎死于车赛。”

【解析】短语come close to相当于“almost, nearly”，此短语中的to是介词，因此后面要接动名词。而B选项“having been”是动名词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，不合题意。

15. B【句意】大约公元6世纪，当欧洲人能够阅读的时候，中国人已经发明纸张了。

【解析】had invented过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去。跟据题干，所以选择B。16. B【句意】我有两个朋友，但是他们任何一个都不喜欢和我一块儿去钓鱼。

【解析】neither表示两者的否定。none是对三者或三者以上的否定；both指两者都；either 指两个中的任何一个。所以B符合题意。

17. B【句意】不幸的童年是他有坏脾气的原因。

【解析】account for“是……的原因，描述，解释”；count“计数”；make for“走向，冲向”；go for“出去进行，去请，适用于”。根据题意，B正确。

18. C【句意】没人怀疑它是真的。

【解析】doubt在表示否定的句子中通常接that从句表示怀疑，不相信的内容，在肯定的句子中接whether/if的从句较多，表示“认为（某事）未必可能”的意思。

19. C【句意】他的兄弟成为了老师——他所想成为的人。

【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句；that只能引导限制性定语从句，who引导先行词是人的定语从句，此题teacher指的是一种职业，不是具体的人；what引导定语从句时要求既做主句的宾语又同时引导定语从句，所以只有which符合题意。

20. D【句意】直到我来到中国，才知道她是一个什么样的国家。

【解析】Not until放在句首要求句子采用部分倒装。

Part II Reading Comprehension

21. A 【解析】第二段的主题句是第一句：童年是这样一段时光，不必担负什么责任，生活也不会很艰难。与它意思一致的选项为A“生活对孩子来说相对容易”。

22. D【解析】D选项全面概括了孩子长大后所应做的事情是照顾自己，而A、B、C选项只是各说明了某一具体方面。

23. A【解析】选项A认为人们对自己的生活经常感到满意，但文章第一段谈到“每个年龄段都有自己的快乐与痛苦，所以选项A的陈述与原文不一致。

24. D【解析】文章的主旨在第一段最后一句体现出来：每个年龄段都有自己的快乐与痛苦，最快乐的人就是在每个年龄段该做什么就去做什么的人，是那些不会把时光浪费在无用的悔恨中的人。

25. C【解析】文章的第一段点明主题：每个年龄段都有自己的快乐与痛苦，最快乐的人就是在每个年龄段该做什么就去做什么的人。第二、三段分别谈到了童年和青年时期的快乐与痛苦，按照年龄分段，接下来的段落中将会谈到老年阶段的快乐与痛苦。

26. D【解析】据第一段第一句“每个国家都趋于认定自己的生活方式是正常的，并且褒扬那些和它相似的，而批评与它不同的生活方式。”可知D选项的信息与之相一致。

27. C【解析】C选项全面概括了第二段的内容，符合题意。A选项不够准确，原文是用“…are really like…”，所给选项中缺少“really”使得意思与原文不符。B、D的信息较片面。28. D【解析】从第二段的第二、三句可知亲历国外的风土人情与纸上得来的终究是不一样的，所以D选项“不同于那些在旅游前获得的信息”符合题意。

29. D【解析】从第三段的第二、三句可知人们之间的差异由于旅游变得容易将会逐渐消失，所以D选项符合题意。

30. D【解析】根据上下文可得出此处的“however”意思为“无论这种情况会成什么样”，所以选择D “No matter what”。

31. C【解析】从第一段可知，基辛格最终要去往北京，而且这是一个非常机密的行动，他说胃痛是为了躲开媒体所找的借口，他之所以这么做是为了完成秘密使命，所以C正确。

32. A【解析】如上题所述，Kissinger并不是真的患胃病而是为了骗过媒体。

33. C【解析】从文中“code word—Eureka which he would use if his mission were successful”（如果任务成功完成，他就用暗语－Eureka。）及文章最后使用了这一暗语，可知Kissinger 的任务成功，所以选择C“事情进展很顺利”。

34. A【解析】从第三段第一句的主题句可知A选项“他的行程必须被保密”符合题意。

35. D【解析】“Eureka”表示的是“任务成功”，所以必定是会谈结束一切成功时发出这个暗语，所以选项D正确。

36. C【解析】从第一段第五句“However the Post and the Times …newspaper”。可知C选项“同英国、法国相对，美国几乎很少有国家的报纸”符合题意。

37. B【解析】从第二段最后一句可知毫无例外，美国的报纸除了提供信息，还要娱乐读者，因为它不得不与电视竞争来争取更多的读者。所以B符合题意。

38. D【解析】从第三段最后一句可知D选项“发表代表不同政治观点的文章”与原文相符合。

39. D【解析】文章全篇讲的都是关于newspapers, 所以press指的就是报纸。

40. A【解析】A选项全面地概括了全文，而B、C、D都只是说明了美国报纸特点的某一具体方面，所以A符合题意。

Part III Cloze

41. A【解析】be based on基于，说明推论的根据；rely on依靠；agree on在……上达成一致；take on呈现；雇佣。

42. D【解析】maintain contact with…与……保持联系。其他三个介词均不对。

43. B【解析】该句的意思是“他们猜测这里牵涉到了有关人类进化的心理行为……”。demand 要求，请求；speculate猜测；deny否认，拒绝；require需要，命令。

44. B【解析】这个句子是说“妇女总是注意保护与儿女的关系，而男人却从未完全注意他们是孩子的亲生父亲”，表示两个意思的转折用连词whereas。

45. C【解析】be certain that…对…感到肯定。that引导从句。

46. D【解析】“做一项研究”英语用carry out a study。这里carried out by…是后置定语，修饰前面的the study。

47. C【解析】该句中的living within 30 km of their grandchildren是说祖父母住在离孙子辈30千米之内的地方。depart离开；exist存在；emerge显现。

48. A【解析】句中的have contact是说与某人有联系。contact合同，婚约。

49. D【解析】表示“相比之下”，英语用in contrast。

50. A【解析】unchanging一成不变的。

Part IV Translate from English to Chinese

51. 研究表明失业率每上升百分之一，死亡率就上升百分之二。

52. 那些喜欢他们的工作并取得很高成就的人觉得他们努力工作的时候是最幸福的时候。

53. 通过工作人们相互接触，通过集体活动，他们获得友谊和人们的温暖。

54. 此外，工作会给人满足感和成就感。工作会让人感到他在社会上的价值和地位。

55. 综上所述，我们可以得出这样一个结论，那就是：工作得越多，你就会越幸福，越健康。Part V Writing

Animals—Pets or Sources of Food and Clothing?

Nowadays, whether the animals are the pets or sources of food and clothing is becoming to pay more and more people’s attentions. Different people have different ideas.

Some people hold that animals are our pets. They consider that animals are our friends. Firstly, they can help us in all kinds of situations. Take the examples of dogs: guide dogs can help the

blinders find the right way to back home. Search and rescue dogs can help people to save their life. Besides, they can make our life colorful, many lovely animals can keep our good mood, such as cats, parrot and so on.

On the other hand, some people believe that animals are just sources of food and clothing. We can get the benefit from animals by their meat, leather, or some decorations. Food from animals is an important part in our daily life. Clothes of natural texture make people warmer and more beautiful. In my opinion, I prefer to animals are our best friends. We should take good care for them. Animals are the best friend to human in earth. We have no right to kill them and destroy the balance of nature. The best way to protect ourselves is to protect animals