七宝中学高一周练卷1

I. Grammar

Please mind the silence

Despite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that [1]________ ________ you‘re packed into an enclosed space with hundreds of other people, the morning commute (上下班) can leave you feeling somewhat isolated.

One London resident, however, is trying to change this.

―You get on the Tube here and ifs completely silent and ifs weird," says Jonathan Dunne, 42, an American living in London, who has, ironically, started [2]_________ worldwide dialogue after giving out badges(徽章) with the slogan ―Tube chat?‖ last month, encouraging commuters in London to get talking to one another. ―I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city of 8 million, expecting many refusals and most of them [3]_________ (throw) away, but after about 24 hours it completely snowballed,‖ he says.

Dunne and his ―Tube chat‖ campaign[4]________(feature) in media across the world ever since, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website, newspaper and magazine appearances.

Although Dunne says he‘s received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his sentiment. Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of [5]________ own, handing out 500 badges wit h the words ??Don‘t even think about it‖ on them.

―I [6]________ hardly stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,‖ he told the BBC. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. ―Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and [7]________work. It doesn‘t need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you,‖ he says. While London has its seemingly antisocial set of regulations to follow, not everywhere lacks a sense of community.

Does Dunne hope that some of this community spirit [8]__________(mirror) in the UK following his campaign? ―People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, [9]________ I don‘t, but it‘s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,‖ he says.―On Monday, Oct 10, the curator (馆长) of the London Transport Museum had me over for tea.‖So if you ever end up [10]________ (use) public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.

places, has led to Facebook and Google‘s [11]_______ to deal with them. But are we really so easy to fool? According to several studies, the answer is yes: even the most obvious fake news starts to become believable if it‘s [12]_______ enough times.

In the months running up to the US election there was a surge(大浪) in fake news. According to an analysis by Craig Silverman, a journalist, during this time the top 20 fake stories in circulation [13]________ the top 20 stories from 19 mainstream publishers.

Paul Horner, a creative publisher of fake news, has said he believes Donald Trump was elected because of him. ―My sites were picked up by Trump supporters all the time… His followers don‘t fact-check anything –they‘ll post everything, believe anything,‖ he told the Washington Post.

Silverman previously [14]________ rumours circulating online in 2014 and found that shares

and social interactions around fake news articles dwarfed (使...相形见绌) those of the articles that exposed them. According to Silverman, fake news stories are engineered to appeal to people‘s hopes and fears, and aren‘t [15]________ by reality, which gives them the edge in creating shareable content.

You might thin k you‘re immune to falling for these lies, but a wealth of research disagrees. Back in the 1940s, researchers found that ―the more a rumour is told, the more [16]________ it sounds‖. They suggested this means that a rumour born out of mild suspicion can, b y gaining currency, shift public thinking and opinion.

This false impression of truth was [17]________ practically in 1977 when researchers in the US quizzed college students on the actuality of statements that they were told may be true or false. The researchers found that simply repeating the statements at a later date was enough to increase the [18]________ of the students believing them.

Last year, Lisa Fazio at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and her team found that students become more likely to believe a statement that they know must be false if it is repeated.

―Our research suggests that false news can and likely does affect people‘s [19]_______. Even if people are conscious that a headline is false, reading it multiple times will make it seem more trustworthy,‖ Fazio says.

Reassuringly, the team found that a person‘s knowledge still has a large influence over their beliefs, but it‘s still a worrying [20]________ given that falsehoods appear repeatedly in our newsfeeds every day.

III.Cloze

Two key climate change indicators — global surface temperatures and Arctic sea ice extent —have broken numerous records through the first half of 2016, according to NASA analyses of ground-based observations and satellite data. Each of the first six months of 2016 set a record as the warmest [21]________ month globally in the modern temperature record, which [22]______1880, according to scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. The six-month period from January to June was also the planet's warmest half-year on record, with a(n) [23]________ temperature 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.4 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the late nineteenth century.

Five of the first six months of 2016 also [24]_______ the smallest respective monthly Arctic sea ice [25]_______ since regular satellite records began in 1979, according to analyses developed by scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland. The one [26]_____, March, recorded the second smallest for that month.

[27]______ these two key climate indicators have broken records in 2016, NASA scientists said it is more significant that global temperature and Arctic sea ice are continuing their decades-long trends of change. Both trends are ultimately driven by rising [28]_______ of heat-trapping carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The extent of Arctic sea ice at the peak of the summer melt season now typically [29]______ 40 percent less area than it did in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Arctic sea ice extent in September, the seasonal low point in the annual cycle, has been [30]_______ at a rate of 13.4 percent per decade.

"While the El Ni?o event in the tropical Pacific this winter [31]_______ the gaining global temperatures from October, it is the basic trend which is producing these record numbers," GISS

Director Gavin Schmidt said.

[32]______ El Ni?o events have driven temperatures to what were then record levels, such as in 1998. But in 2016, even as the effects of the recent El Ni?o wear off, global temperatures have risen well beyond those of 18 years ago [33]_______ the overall warming that has taken place in that time.

The global trend in rising temperatures falls behind the regional [34]_____ in the Arctic, said Walt Meier, a sea ice scientist at NASA Goddard.

"It has been a record year so far for global temperatures, but the record high temperatures in the Arctic over the past six months have been even more extreme," Meier said. "This warmth as well as unusual weather [35]______ have led to the record low sea ice extents so far this year."

21. A. resistant B. respective C. resolved D. remote

22. A. makes sense of B. keeps up with C. dates back to D. goes ahead of

23. A. average B. ordinary C. common D. temporary

24. A. confirmed B. witnessed C. involved D. conducted

25. A. standard B. content C. amount D. extent

26. A. datum B. example C. month D. exception

27. A. While B. When C. After D. As

28. A. combinations B. reductions C. concentrations D. applications

29. A. includes B. covers C. approaches D. indicates

30. A. increasing B. changing C. declining D. moving

31. A. ended up with B. gave rise to C. broke away from D. resulted from

32. A. Frequent B. Natural C. Disastrous D. Previous

33. A. in return for B. in case of C. in spite of D. because of

34. A. warming B. falling C. gathering D. changing

35. A. forecasts B. varieties C. patterns D. illustrations

IV. Translation (If you have any doubt, refer to the passage.)

1.大家都很开心除了昆虫。

________________________________________________________________________ 2.熬过了冬天，当春天又来临时，蜘蛛们健康并饥饿的冒了出来。(survive; emerge) (分词

作状语) (可参考Unit4 Reading)

熬过某事_________________

_________________________________________________________________________ 3.找到一个可以待的地方后，蝙蝠就不再动了直到天气暖起来。（stir）(分词作状语)

_________________________________________________________________________ 4.医生们认为蜘蛛的毒液可以被用来治疗大脑失调。（disorder）

_________________________________________________________________________ 5.在冬眠期间，青蛙透过他们的皮肤呼吸，而不是嘴巴。（breathe）

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