2011年10月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学

2011年10月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷

（课程代码06422）

I.Blank-filling (20%)

Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.

1. The totality of linguistic varieties possessed by an individual constitutes his linguistic r_______.

2. I________ motivation refers to learners learning the second language for enjoyment or pleasure from learning.

3. The phonetic transcription, n______ transcription ,is normally used by phoneticians to give minute and detailed descriptions of speech sounds.

4. The way that new words are coined from already existing words by “subtracting ” an affix thought to be part of the old word is called b_______.

5. The meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called semantic f_______.

6. In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t________ across generations.

7. P______ is the study of sounds used in linguistic communication.

8. When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart to let air go through without vibration, the sounds thus produced are v_________.

9. The social group that is singled out for any special study is named as the s_______ community.

10. According to N. Chomsky, c________ refers to the ideal user ?s knowledge of the rules of his language .

11. P_____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.

12. The notion of c_______ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.

13. Damage to parts of the left cortex behind the central sulcus results in a type of aphasia called f_____ aphasia.

14. The c__________ view of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.

15. Lexical d________ task is a kind of experiment psycholinguistics employ to investigate lexical access.

16. A theory which explicitly employs the notion “concept ”is the semantic t________ proposed by Ogden and Richards in their book The Meaning of Meaning.

17. Clear [ l ] and dark [ l ] are allophones of the same one phoneme /l/. They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c_________ distribution.

18. Since there are often intermediate forms between the two members of an antonymous pair, so they are called g________ antonyms.

19. S_______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.

20. A t_______ experiment is a technique that is used to study the determinants of sentence processing difficulty.

II. Multiple choice(15%)

Choose the best answer to the following items.

21. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes,_______, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed , added , lost or altered.

A. phrases

B. sentences

C. morphemes

D. utterance

22. The consonant [ f ] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features :

A. voiceless, bilabial, stop

B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative

C. voiced , bilabial, stop

D. voiced, labiodental, fricative

23.The study of language as a whole is often called ______.

A. universal linguistics

B. common linguistics

C. prescriptive linguistics

D. general linguistics

24.In the phrase structure rule “S→NP VP”，the arrow can be read as _______.

A. is equal to

B. consists of

C. has

D. generates

25.The illocutionary point of _____is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.

A. representatives

B. commissives

C. expressives D declarations

26.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _____ in 1957.

A. L. Bloomfield

B. F. Saussure

C. N. Chomsky

D.M.A.F. Halliday

27._____ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language because of the wish to identify with the target culture.

A. Instrumental

B. Functional

C. Integrative

D. Social

28.While different words may have the same or similar meaning , the same word may have more than one meaning. This kind of words are called _________.

A. polysemic words

B. homographs

C. homonyms

D. synonyms

29.The term _____ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changes over various periods of time and at various historical stages.

A. synchronic

B. diachronic

C. comparative

D. historical comparative

30.Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher ____ in the late 50?s of the 20th century.

A. M.A.F. Halliday

B. L. Bloomfield C . J. Searle D. J. Austin

31.If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for correct and standard behavior in using language ,it is said to be _______.

A. descriptive

B. prescriptive

C. synchronic

D. diachronic

32.In the case of spit, the consonant [ p ] is said to be _____.

A. aspirated

B. voiced

C. unaspirated

D. unprounceable

33.What the element “-es ” indicates is third person singular ,present tense ,the element “-ed ” past tense, and“-ing ”progressive aspect .Sin ce they are the smallest units of language and meaningful ,they are also _______.

A. phonemes

B. phones

C. allophones

D. morphemes

34.Synoymous are classified into several kinds .This kind to which …girl ? and …lass ? belong is called ___ synonyms.

A. stylistic

B. dialectal

C. emotive

D. collocational

35.In a speech community People have something in common _____: a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it..

A.socially

B. linguistically

C. culturally

D. pragmatically

III. True of false judgement (20%)

36. The interactionist view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops .

37. A creole is said to be formed when a pidgin has become the primary language of a speech community ,and is acquired by the children of that speech community as their native language .

38. Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakers and takes them down the garden path to a wrong direction .

39. A phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can distinguish two words .

40. Register refers to the type of utterance which is selected as appropriate to the type oftypology .

41. Phonology studies the functioning of the speech sounds.

42. Predication analysis was proposed by the British linguist J. Searle to analyze the meaning of utterance .

43. Specifiers have both special semantic and syntactic roles since they help make more precise the meaning of the head and mark a phrase boundary.

44. Different language offer people different ways of expressing the world around, they think and speak differently, this is also known as linguistic relativity.

45. Metacognitive strategies deal with the wayside learners interact or communicate with other speakers, native or non-native .

IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)

46. derivational morpheme

47. IPA( International Phonetic Alphabet)

48. cultural transmission

49. Deep Structure vs. Surface Structure

50. The naming theory V. Essay question (20%)51. According to Austin ,what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making an utterance ? Give an example.

1.repertoire

2.Intrinsic

3.narrow

4.back-formation

5.features

6.transmiss ion

7.Phonology

8.voiceless

9.speech https://www.360docs.net/doc/c116822399.html,petence11.Parole 12.conte xt 13. fluent 14.contextualist 15.dicision

16.triangle https://www.360docs.net/doc/c116822399.html,plementary 18.gradable 19.Sense

20.timed-reading

21. C 22. B 23.D 24. B 25.C 26.C 27.C 28. A 29.B 30.C

31.B 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.B

36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42. F 43. T 44.T 45. F

46. Morphemes that change the meaning or lexical category of the words to which the y attach. 47. It is a standardized and internationally accepted system of phonetic trans cription.

48. While human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e., we were all born wit

h the ability to acquire language, the details of any language system are not geneticall y transmitted, but instead have to be taught and learned.

Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning, rather than by instinct 49. The first, formed by the XP rule in a accordance with the he ad's subcategorization properties ,is called deep stmcture.

The second, corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results fr om appropriate transformations, is called surface structure

50. One of the oldest notions concerning meaning, and also a very primitive one, was the naming theory proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. The words used in a l anguage are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for.

51. locutionary act ------the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It?s an act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology. Na mely .,the act of saying something :the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.(言内行为指的是用句子来叙述，报告，描写。言内行为指话语过程本身，诸如：句法，词汇与发言等。)

illocutionary act -----the act of expressing the speaker?s intention; it is the act performed in saying something ;its force is identical with the s peaker?s intention. The making of a statement, offer promise, etc, in uttering a sentence, by vi rtue of the conventional force associated with it. the act of using a sentence to perform a function such as command, request, etc(言外行为是指说话过程中通过话语的一些约定俗成的关联力量进行陈述，承诺等。说话带有目的性。)

perlocutionary act --- the act performed by or resulting from saying something, it ?

s the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act perfo med by saying something, the bringing about of effects on the audience by means of

uttering the sentence, such effects being special to the circumstances. the results or eff ects that are produced by means of saying sth(言后行为是指行为本身就是讲话的结果。即讲话所产生的情感，思想，行动等的某种反应。)

Illocutionary force: the intention or purpose underlying the act of saying sth. (sp eaker?s meaning) e.g. You have left the door wide open

The locutionary act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words “you”“have”“door”“open” etc. and expressed what the words literally mean. locutio nary: utterance of all the word

The illocutionary act performed by the speaker is that by making such an uttera nce, he has expressed his intention of speaking ,i.e. asking sb. to close the door. “or m aking a complaint

The prelocutionary act refers to the effect of the utterance. If the hearer gets the speaker?s message and sees the speaker means to ask someone to close the door, the speaker h as successfully brought about the change in the real world he has intended to; then the prelocutionary act is successfully performed. perlocutionary : the hearer close the doo r or his refusal to comply with the request